直流電機(jī)的無線遙控系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)

基于HLA與OPNET的分布式數(shù)據(jù)傳輸系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)和仿真鹽城工學(xué)院本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說明書（2009）畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說明書直流電機(jī)的無線遙控系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)摘要：無線遙控技術(shù)在當(dāng)今通信技術(shù)發(fā)展日新月異的時(shí)代取得了飛速發(fā)展，因其智能化水平高、設(shè)計(jì)簡單、操作便捷、成本低、可靠性高，已被廣泛應(yīng)用于家用電器、工業(yè)生產(chǎn)、航空航天等領(lǐng)域，成為社會研究的一大熱點(diǎn)。直流電機(jī)在日常生產(chǎn)生活中廣泛應(yīng)用，隨著電器設(shè)備智能化的快速提高，直流電機(jī)已不僅僅完成簡單的傳動，還需要便捷、高效地啟停和調(diào)速，紅外技術(shù)的廣泛應(yīng)用及控制技術(shù)的成熟，推動了直流電機(jī)的智能化，實(shí)現(xiàn)了人機(jī)分離，可以遠(yuǎn)距離隨時(shí)控制直流電機(jī)的工作狀態(tài)。轉(zhuǎn)速測量是對直流電機(jī)實(shí)時(shí)、精準(zhǔn)控制的前提，使用光電傳感器可以隨時(shí)完成對直流電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速的測控，通過轉(zhuǎn)速的顯示，遙控人員可以及時(shí)調(diào)節(jié)轉(zhuǎn)速。課題基于市場的需求，結(jié)合紅外設(shè)計(jì)簡單、方便、成本低廉等特點(diǎn)，設(shè)計(jì)出了一個(gè)紅外遙控直流電機(jī)的系統(tǒng)，系統(tǒng)采用51單片機(jī)對信號編碼、調(diào)制、譯碼，利用按鍵產(chǎn)生不同的編碼數(shù)據(jù)，通過遙控系統(tǒng)分別發(fā)射啟停、正轉(zhuǎn)、反轉(zhuǎn)、加速、減速信號。接收端采用HS0038作為紅外一體化接收管接收信號，對直流電機(jī)的工作狀態(tài)進(jìn)行短距離無線控制。直流電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)動過程中使用紅外發(fā)光二極管和紅外光敏三極管產(chǎn)生轉(zhuǎn)速信號，由六反相施密特觸發(fā)器CD40106中的施密特觸發(fā)器1和施密特觸發(fā)器2對轉(zhuǎn)速信號整形作為十進(jìn)制計(jì)數(shù)器CD40110的計(jì)數(shù)脈沖，使用CD40106的施密特觸發(fā)器3和施密特觸發(fā)器6分別產(chǎn)生計(jì)數(shù)所用的鎖存信號和清零信號，用以控制CD40110對轉(zhuǎn)速脈沖計(jì)數(shù)的時(shí)間，計(jì)數(shù)時(shí)間到了數(shù)碼管顯示計(jì)數(shù)值，以進(jìn)一步調(diào)節(jié)直流電機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速。關(guān)鍵詞：紅外遙控；直流電動機(jī)；轉(zhuǎn)速測量TheDesignofWirelessRemoteControlSystemforDCMotorAbstract:Nowadays,withahugechangeoncommunicationtechnology,wirelessremotecontroltechnologyhaveafastgrowing.Becauseitischaracterizedbysmartatahighlevel,designwithsimplicationandconvenience,lowexpenseandhighreliability.Itwaswidelyusedinthehouseholdelectricappliances,industryandaviationfield.Meanwhile,oursocietyhasfocusedwidelyonitsresearch.DCmotorwaswidelyusedincommonlife,wedonotsimplytakeitasamotorequipment,andweneedaefficientandconvenientwaytobeginorstartmotorandregulateitsspeed.Thewideuseofinfraredremotecontrolandthematureof51-MCUtechnologymakeDCmotorsmart,thus,wecanconnectaremotecontroltoitforanytime,whichisinman-machineseparation.InordertocontrolDCmotorintimeandaccurately,weshouldmeasurespeedfirstly.PhotoelectricsensorisusedtomeasureandcontrolthespeedofDCmotorintime.Thepersonwhohasremotecontrolequipmentcanregulatespeedintime,accordingtothespeeddisplayed.Basedonthedemandofmarket,MytopicdesignasystemofinfraredremotecontrolforDCmotor,withthefactorsofsimplication,convenienceandlowexpense.Systemuses51-MCUascontrolchiptosendandreceiveinfraredremotecontrolsignal,thekeysdriveinfraredlight-emittingdiodetotransmitsignal,thereceiverreceivessignalbyHS0038asintegrationofinfraredreceivingtube.Thestartorstop,forward,reverse,accelerationanddecelerationofDCmotorwascontrolledthroughshortdistanceusingwireless.DuringtherotationoftheDCmotor,infraredlightemittingdiodesandinfraredphotosensitivetriodetubeareusedtosendrotationalspeedsignal.ThefirstSchmidtTriggerandthesecondSchmidtTriggerofCD40106whichhassixSchmidtTriggersareusedtoshaperotationalspeedsignalandkeepitascountingimpulsesofCD40110,decimalcounter.ThethirdSchmidtTriggerandthesixthSchmidtTriggerofCD40106areusedtogeneratelockedsignalandresetsignaltocontrolthecountingtimeofCD40110,then,thevalueofspeedimpulsesisdisplayedinthedigitaltubeinordertoregulateDCmotorfurther.Keyword:InfraredRemoteControl;DCMotor;MeasurementofRotationalSpeed目錄TOC\o"1-2"\h\u206811概述 附錄附錄一系統(tǒng)總電路圖附錄二元器件目錄表元件名稱參數(shù)及規(guī)格數(shù)量PCB洞洞板單面鍍錫10cm*15cm1個(gè)PCB洞洞板單面鍍錫9cm*7cm1個(gè)STC89C51單片機(jī)IC座直插40DIP2只STC89C51單片機(jī)40DIP直插2只晶振12MHz/直插/49S型/無源2只穩(wěn)壓塊78051個(gè)SIR333紅外發(fā)光二極管5MM2只CD40106六路施密特觸發(fā)器直插1只IC插座DIP14/配套CD401061只CD40110計(jì)數(shù)器直插4只IC插座DIP16/配套CD401104只瓷片直插電容22PF4只瓷片直插電容1012只電解直插電容10uF5只電解直插電容220uF/25V1只電解直插電容100uF/25V2只LED發(fā)光二極管5MM3只金屬色環(huán)電阻470R/0.25w/15只金屬色環(huán)電阻100R/0.25w/10只金屬色環(huán)電阻10k/0.25w/6只金屬色環(huán)電阻68R/0.25w2只金屬色環(huán)電阻5.1k/0.25w2只排針單排8個(gè)S8050三極管直插式NPN型1只HS38B紅外一體化接收頭1只光敏三極管兩腳/PNP型直插1只L298直流電機(jī)驅(qū)動芯片1只二級管4007直插4個(gè)玩具車微型直流電機(jī)R1401只LM358集成運(yùn)放直插1只7段共陰數(shù)碼管單只式4只電位器臥式/10K/可調(diào)電阻2只杜邦線40P2.54母對母20CM1組IC插座DIP8/寬腳/配套LM3581只輕觸開關(guān)按鍵/立式/4腳10只附錄三程序匯總1.發(fā)送程序 ORG0000H ;程序執(zhí)行開始地址AJMPSTART;跳至START執(zhí)行 ORG 001BHLJMPINTT1 ORG0030H PCODEEQU30H ;識別碼 OPPCODEEQU31H ;識別碼反碼 BUTEQU32H ;按鍵碼 OPPBUTEQU33H ;按鍵反碼K1EQUP1.3 ;啟動，停止K2EQUP1.4 ;加速K3EQUP1.5 ;減速K4EQUP1.6;正轉(zhuǎn) K5EQUP1.7;反轉(zhuǎn)START:MOVSP,#70H ;設(shè)堆棧基址為70HCLRP3.5 ;關(guān)遙控輸出MOVIE,#00H ;關(guān)所有中斷MOVIP,#01H ;設(shè)優(yōu)先級MOVTMOD,#22H ;8位自動重裝初值模式MOVTH1,#0F3H ;定時(shí)為13微秒初值MOVTL1,#0F3H SETBEA ;開總中斷允許 CLRIT0 SETBEX0 MOVPCODE,#0ABH ;識別碼賦值 MOVOPPCODE,#54H ;識別碼反碼賦值MOVP1,#0FFHJIAN: MOV R1,#0EAH ;延時(shí)130MS WAIT: MOV R2,#0C8H DJNZ R2,$ DJNZ R1,WAITMOVA,P1 CJNEA,#0FFH,JIAN1 LJMPJIANJIAN1: CJNEA,#0FEH,JIAN2 ;鍵盤尋址LCALLYAN_3MS CJNEA,#0FEH,JIAN2 LJMPMN0JIAN2:CJNEA,#0FDH,JIAN3LCALLYAN_3MS CJNEA,#0FDH,JIAN3 LJMPMN1JIAN3:CJNEA,#0FBH,JIAN4LCALLYAN_3MS CJNEA,#0FBH,JIAN4 LJMPMN2JIAN4:CJNEA,#0F7H,JIAN5LCALLYAN_3MS CJNEA,#0F7H,JIAN5 LJMPMN3JIAN5:CJNEA,#0EFH,JIAN6LCALLYAN_3MS CJNEA,#0EFH,JIAN6 LJMPMN4JIAN6:CJNEA,#0DFH,NNLCALLYAN_3MS CJNEA,#0DFH,NN LJMPMN5 NN:LJMPJIANmn0:MOVBUT,#10H MOVOPPBUT,#0EFHLCALLREMOTE;轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)送程序ajmpnnmn1:MOVBUT,#20H MOVOPPBUT,#0DFHLCALLREMOTE;轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)送程序 ajmpnnmn2:MOVBUT,#30H MOVOPPBUT,#0CFHLCALLREMOTE;轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)送程序ajmpnnmn3:MOVBUT,#40H MOVOPPBUT,#0BFHLCALLREMOTE;轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)送程序ajmpnnmn4:MOVBUT,#50H MOVOPPBUT,#0AFHLCALLREMOTE;轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)送程序ajmpnnmn5:MOVBUT,#60H MOVOPPBUT,#9FHLCALLREMOTE;轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)送程序 ajmpnnYAN_3MS:MOVR7,#6;3MSDLAY31:MOVR6,#250DLAY32:DJNZR6,DLAY32DJNZR7,DLAY31 RET ;*************************************;*編碼發(fā)射程序*;*************************************REMOTE:SETBET1 ;開T1中斷SETBTR1 ;開啟定時(shí)器T1 MOV R1,#06H ;原數(shù)值#09HOUT01: MOVR2,#0C8H ;發(fā)5ms引導(dǎo)碼 DJNZ R2,$ DJNZ R1,OUT01 CLRTR1 ;關(guān)定時(shí)器T1CLRET1 ;關(guān)T1中斷CLRP3.5 ;關(guān)脈沖輸出 MOV R1,#0AH ;3ms空隙OUT02:MOV R2,#96H DJNZ R2,$ DJNZ R1,OUT02OUT03: ;發(fā)射數(shù)據(jù)流 MOV A,PCODE ACALL OUT04 MOV A,OPPCODE ACALL OUT04 MOV A,BUT ACALL OUT04 MOV A,OPPBUT ACALLOUT04 SETB C ;發(fā)送結(jié)束碼1 ACALL SEND MOV R1,#0EAH ;延時(shí)130MS OUTWAIT:MOV R2,#0C8H DJNZ R2,$ DJNZ R1,OUTWAIT RET;*************************************;*發(fā)射子程序*;*************************************OUT04: ;循環(huán)發(fā)射各數(shù)據(jù)位 MOV R1,#08HOUT: RLC A ACALL SEND DJNZ R1,OUT RETSEND: CLRTR1 ;關(guān)定時(shí)器T1CLRET1 ;關(guān)T1中斷CLRP3.5 ;關(guān)脈沖輸出 JC SEND1 MOV R3,#08H ;發(fā)射0碼SEND0: MOV R4,#69H ;0碼低電平 DJNZ R4,$ DJNZ R3,SEND0 AJMP SIG ;轉(zhuǎn)脈沖發(fā)送信號SEND1: MOV R3,#02H;1碼低電平SEND10:MOV R4,#8CH DJNZ R4,$ DJNZ R3,SEND10SIG: SETBET1 ;開T1中斷SETBTR1 ;開啟定時(shí)器T1 MOV R3,#08CH;發(fā)射脈沖 DJNZ R3,$ CLRTR1 ;關(guān)定時(shí)器T1CLRET1 ;關(guān)T1中斷CLRP3.5 ;關(guān)脈沖輸出 RET;*************************************;*T1中斷服務(wù)程序*;*************************************INTT1:CPLP3.5;40kHZ紅外線遙控信號產(chǎn)生 RETI ;中斷返回 END2.接收程序 PCODEEQU30H ;識別碼 OPPCODEEQU31H ;識別碼反碼 BUTEQU32H ;按鍵碼 OPPBUTEQU33H ;按鍵反碼 CODENUM EQU34H ;接收碼數(shù)tpEQU35HcountEQU36Hkey EQU37HDJ0EQUP2.4DJEQUP2.5ENEQUP2.6 ORG0000HLJMPSTART ORG0003HLJMPINTEX0ORG000BH LJMPIN0 ORG0030HSTART: MOVTMOD,#01HMOVTH0,#3CH MOVTL0,#0B0H SETBEA SETBET0 SETBEX0;開外中斷 SETBIT0;總中斷允許 SETBTR0 MOVcount,#0 MOVtp,#0MAIN:MOV SP,#70H MOVPCODE,#0ABH ;識別碼初值 MOVOPPCODE,#54H ;識別碼反碼初值 LCALLkeyscan LJMPMAININ0:MOVTH0,#3CH MOVTL0,#0B0H MOVA,countCLRC SUBBA,#100 JNC qqsh: MOVA,countCLRC SUBBA,tp JNCgo SETBEN INCcountCLRC RETIgo: CLREN INCcount CLRC RETIqq: MOVcount,#0LJMPsh RETIkeyscan:MOVA,key CJNE A,#10H,FUN2;鍵盤碼查詢并動作 LCALL st FUN2: CJNE A,#20H,FUN3 LCALL just FUN3: CJNE A,#30H,FUN4 LCALL turn FUN4: CJNE A,#40H,FUN5 LCALL speedup FUN5: CJNE A,#50H,FUN6 LCALL speeddown FUN6: CJNE A,#60H,FUN7 LCALL stopFUN7:MOVR7,#20;6MSDLAY61:MOVR6,#150DLAY62:DJNZR6,DLAY62DJNZR7,DLAY61SETBP3.0 RET st:SETBENSETBDJ0 CLRDJ RETjust: SETBEN SETBDJ0 CLRDJ RETturn:SETBENCLRDJ0 SETBDJ RETspeedup:MOVA,tpCLRC SUBBA,#99 JNCzengjia MOVA,tp ADDCA,#20 MOVtp,A CLRC RETzengjia:MOVtp,#100 CLRCRETspeeddown:MOVA,tpCLRC SUBBA,#1 JCjiansu MOVA,tp SUBBA,#20 MOVtp,A CLRC RETjiansu:MOVtp,#0 CLRCRETstop:MOVtp,#0RET;******************************;遙控接收程序;******************************INTEX0:CLREX0;關(guān)外中斷JNBP3.2,READ;P3.2口為低電平轉(zhuǎn)READ為高電平退出OUT:SETBEX0;開中斷（系干擾）RETI ;退出中斷 READ:CLRA ;清A讀取引導(dǎo)碼MOVDPH,A;清DPTRMOVDPL,AHEAD:JBP3.2,HEAD01;P3.5變高電平轉(zhuǎn)HARD01INCDPTR;用DPTR對低電平計(jì)數(shù) MOV R1,#04H