河北省正定中學(xué)2020-2021學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期第一次月考英語(yǔ)試題WORD版含解析

河北正定中學(xué)高一下學(xué)期第一次月考英語(yǔ)試卷注意事項(xiàng)：1．答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫(xiě)在本試卷和答題卡相應(yīng)位置。2．回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆將答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑．如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)．回答非選擇題時(shí)，將答案書(shū)寫(xiě)在答題卡上，寫(xiě)在本試卷上無(wú)效。3．考試結(jié)束后，將答題卡和試卷交回。第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whatwilltheyprobablydonext?A.Goshopping.B.Takeaholiday.C.Havedinner.2.Whatcanwelearnabouttheman?A.He’sbusy.B.He’shungry.C.He’sembarrassed.3.Whenisthelibraryopen?A.At7:30.B.At8:00.C.At8:30.4.Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodo?A.Trysomewhereelse.BQuitthepresentjob.C.Remainattherestaurant.5.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Friends.B.Teacherandstudent.C.Driverandpassenger.第二節(jié)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatdoesthewomancomplainabout?A.Hotweather.B.Boringtravelplans.C.Shortsummerholidays.7.Whatdoesthemanmeanattheendofthetalk?A.Goingtothepoolisagoodidea.B.Theweatherforecastisnotaccurate.C.Itwillcooldownovertheweekend.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8至9題。8.Whatcanweknowabouttheman?A.Heisnotlocalhere.B.Heoftenignoresthetrafficrules.C.Hedoesn’tknowthewomanatall.9.Whatwillthewomando?A.Touraroundthecity.B.Buysomethingtodrink.C.Parkhercarsomewhere.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Athome.B.Inanoffice.C.Inarestaurant.11.Whendidthetwospeakerslastmeet?A.Abouttwoyearsago.B.Aboutthreeyearsago.C.Aboutfouryearsago.12.WhatdidJackdowhenhewasinBritain?A.HetaughtEnglish.B.Heworkedinacompany.C.Hecontinuedwithhisstudy.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Whoisgoingtohavedinnerwiththewoman?A.Paul.B.David.C.Jane.14.Whattroublestheman?A.Theprinterdoesn’twork.B.Hehasnotimetokeepadate.C.Hisclient(客戶)isdifficulttoplease.15.Whatdoesthewomansayabouttheman’sproblem?A.Itisdemanding.B.Itiseasytohandle.C.Itdoesn’tmakesense.16.Whatwillthewomanprobablydonext?A.Getchanged.B.Ringherhusband.C.Callforatechnician.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17Whereisthenewmuseumsituated?A.OnEllisIsland.B.OnLibertyIsland.C.IntheCityofNewYork.18.WhendidtheStatueofLibertyopentothepublic?A.In1954.B.In1892.C.In1886.19.HowmanyvisitorsarepermittedintotheStatueeveryyear?A.About400,000.B.About500,000.C.About900,000.20.Whatcanvisitorsseeinthenewmuseum?A.TheinsidestructureofLadyLiberty.B.ThestatueofthecreatorofLadyLiberty.C.TheconstructingprocessofLadyLiberty.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AFourFreeMobileAppstoHelpYouLearnEnglishFasterHaveyourealizedthatyoucanputyoursmartphonetoreallygooduseforlearningEnglish?Hereare4freemobileappsthatwillhelpyoudojustthat.HelloEnglishItcoversalltheaspectsoflanguagelearning,includingvocabulary,translation,grammar,spellings,spokenandreadingskills.ItusesinteractivegamestoteachdifferentEnglishlessonsandoffersnewaudiobooks,latestnews,andbooks.However,youshouldalreadyunderstandbasicEnglishstructuresandalphabets,fortheappcan’thelpyoulearnEnglishfromscratch(從零開(kāi)始).DuolingoIfyouwanttolearnEnglishfromscratch,thenthisistheappyouarelookingfor.DuolingousesinteractivegamestohelpyoulearnEnglish.Forbeginners,theappfocusesonhelpingyoulearnverbs,phrasesandsentences.LingbeIfyouarereadytopracticeyourspokenskillsinthereal-world,you’llneedLingbe.It’sacommunity-basedappwherepeoplehelpeachotherandsharetheirnativelanguages.ItconnectsyouwithrealpeopleoncallwhoarenativeEnglishspeakers.HelloTalkHelloTalkissimilartoLingbeasitconnectsyouwithnativespeakerstohelpimproveyourlanguageskills.However,itaddsafewextrafunctionsthatmightinterestyou.Youcanviewtheinformationaboutuserstofindamatchthatinterestsyou.Additionally,youcanalsosendtextandaudiomessages,andevendovideocallswithotherpeople.Ifyouareabeginner,startfromDuolingoandthenuseHelloEnglishtotakefullcommandoverthelanguage.ForfluentspokenEnglishlearners,youcantryoutLingbeorHelloTalk.1.WhatshouldyoualreadyunderstandtouseHelloEnglish?A.Goodreadingandwritingskills.B.Basiclisteningandspeakingtips.C.DifferentEnglishlessonsandbooks.D.UnderstandbasicEnglishstructuresandalphabets.2.WhichappisthebestchoiceforanEnglishbeginneratfirst?A.HelloEnglish. B.Duolingo.C.Lingbe. D.HelloTalk.3.WhatcanyoudoonLingbe?A.Readthelatestnews. B.Enjoytheinteractivegames.C.PracticeyourspokenEnglish. D.Talkwithnativespeakersintheflesh.【答案】1.D2.B3.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，文章主要介紹了四款有利于英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的免費(fèi)App?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“However,youshouldalreadyunderstandbasicEnglishstructuresandalphabets,fortheappcan’thelpyoulearnEnglishfromscratch(從零開(kāi)始).”可知，然而，你應(yīng)該已經(jīng)了解了基本的英語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)和字母，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)應(yīng)用程序不能幫助你從頭開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。所以要想使用HelloEnglish需要理解基本的英語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)和英語(yǔ)字母，故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句Forbeginners,theappfocusesonhelpingyoulearnverbs,phrasesandsentences.對(duì)于初學(xué)者來(lái)說(shuō)，這款應(yīng)用主要幫助你學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)詞、短語(yǔ)和句子。和文章最后一段第一句中的Ifyouareabeginner,startfromDuolingo如果你是初學(xué)者，可以從Duolingo開(kāi)始?？芍?，初學(xué)者應(yīng)該選Duolingo，故選B項(xiàng)。【3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句“Ifyouarereadytopracticeyourspokenskillsinthereal-world,you’llneedLingbe.”可知，如果你準(zhǔn)備在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中練習(xí)口語(yǔ)，你需要使用Lingbe。所以在Lingbe上可以練習(xí)口語(yǔ)，故選C項(xiàng)。BOnestrideatatime,TomPanekandhisguidedog,Gus,inchclosertotheirgoal.Thetwohavebeentraininginlocalparksformorethanthreeyearswiththehopesofcompetinginanofficiallong-distancerace.It’sneverbeendonebefore.“I’vebeenrunningmywholelife.Iranonmycross-countryteaminhighschool,andIranasayoungadult,”P(pán)aneksaid.Helosthissight25yearsago.“WhenIlostmysightIwastooscaredtorun,”P(pán)aneksaid.Asheadjustedtohisblindness,hebeganrunningwithahumanguide,butitwasn’tthesame.“Althoughmanypeoplerunwithrunningclubs,attheendofthedayyou’rerunningyourownrace.Andwhenyou’retiedtoanotherperson,it’snolongeryourownrace.Theindependenceisn’tquitethere,”P(pán)aneksaid.Twoyearsago,PanekbecametheCEOofGuidingEyesfortheBlind.TheideaofarunningguideprogramwasfirstsuggestedbyRichardHunter,whowasblindandlookingtogetbackintorunning.“Richardshoutedout,‘I’mreallycurious,haveyouevertrainedaguidedogtorun？’AndIsaid,‘Idon’tknow.Ithasn’tbeendone,’”P(pán)aneksaid.Afewmonthsandintensetrainingsessionslater,therunningguideprogramwasborn.PanekandasmallteamhelpedtrainKlinger,aGermanshepherd,toaidHunterwithrunning.Heformedateamofexpertstotrainasmallgroupofdogstorunlongdistances.Thedogsbegintheirtrainingat18monthsold.It’sanexclusiveclub.Outof165graduatedogs,onlyabout12areconsideredraceready.Theteam’sfinaltestwouldbeafive-mileracethroughNewYork’sCentralParkjustoneweekbeforetheNewYorkCityMarathon.ItwasPanek’sandGus’sfirstcompetitiverace.Beforetherace,Panekwasovercomewithemotion,wipingawayhistearsofappreciationtothedogwhogavehimhisindependenceback.“Andcrossingthatfinishline,youknowitwasamomentous(關(guān)鍵的)occasionforme,”P(pán)aneksaid.4.HowdidPanekthinkofrunningwithahumanguide?A.Inspiring. B.Challenging.C.Rewarding. D.Disappointing.5.WhatwasHuntercuriousabout?A.Trainingadogguidetorun. B.Gettingbacktorunasablindman.C.Startingarunningguideprogram. D.Runningwithahumanguide.6.Whichofthefollowingismentionedinthearticle?A.Dogsarereluctanttorunlongdistances.B.Fewdogsarequalifiedtoguideinrunning.C.Somedogsareborntobeaguideinraces.D.Dogsneedtobetrainedfor18months.7.WhatdoesparticularsignificancethefinaltesthavetoPanek?A.HewonabigprizewithGus’help.B.Hisguidedogwastreatedwellintherace.C.Hegothisindependenceonceagain.D.Herantothefinishinglinewithoutstopping.【答案】4.D5.A6.B7.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。導(dǎo)盲犬想必大家都聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)，但是你知道可以陪同跑步比賽的導(dǎo)盲犬嗎？短文敘述了盲人湯姆·帕內(nèi)克訓(xùn)練導(dǎo)盲犬以及要導(dǎo)盲犬陪同自己跑步參加馬拉松的故事。【4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Andwhenyou’retiedtoanotherperson,it’snolongeryourownrace.Theindependenceisn’tquitethere,”P(pán)aneksaid.可知，他認(rèn)為有人和他一起跑還是使自己沒(méi)有了獨(dú)立性，因此推斷他認(rèn)為和導(dǎo)盲人員一起跑步這件事是令人掃興的。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“I’mreallycurious,haveyouevertrainedaguidedogtorun？”可知，我很好奇，你曾經(jīng)訓(xùn)練過(guò)導(dǎo)盲犬和你一起跑步嗎？所以Hunter對(duì)于能夠訓(xùn)練導(dǎo)盲犬來(lái)陪著盲人一起賽跑，感到有興趣。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段Outof165graduatedogs,onlyabout12areconsideredraceready.可知，在165只畢業(yè)的狗狗中，只有12只被認(rèn)為可以參加比賽。所以只有少數(shù)的狗，可以被訓(xùn)練好，有資格參加比賽。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段Beforetherace,Panekwasovercomewithemotion,wipingawayhistearsofappreciationtothedogwhogavehimhisindependenceback.可知，他激動(dòng)得哭泣，因?yàn)樵诠返膸椭滤匦芦@得了獨(dú)立性。所以最后的測(cè)試對(duì)panek有特別的意義是他重新獲得了獨(dú)立性。故選C項(xiàng)。CBellyfathaslongbeenthoughttobeparticularlybadforyourheart,butnow,anewstudyaddsmoreevidencetotheideathatitmayalsobebadforyourbrain.Thestudy,fromtheUnitedKingdom,foundthatpeoplewhowereobeseandhadahighwaist-to-hipratiohadslightlylowerbrainvolumesonaverage,comparedwithpeoplewhomaintainedahealthyweight.Specifically,bellyfatwaslinkedwithlowervolumesofgraymatter,thebraintissuethatcontainsnervecell.“Ourresearchlookedatalargegroupofpeopleandfoundobesity,specificallyaroundthemiddle,maybelinkedwithbraindiminution,”leadstudyauthorMarkHamer,aprofessoratLoughboroughUniversity’sSchoolofSport,ExerciseandHealthSciencesinLeicestershire,England,saidinastatement.Lowerbrainvolume,orbraindiminution,hasbeenlinkedwithanincreasedriskofmemorydecline.Thenewfindings,publishedinthejournalNeurology,suggestthatthecombinationofobesity(asmeasuredbybodymassindex,orBMI)andahighwaist-to-hipratiomaybeariskfactorforbraindiminution,theresearcherssaid.However,thestudyfoundonlyanassociationbetweenbellyfatandlowerbrainvolume,andcannotprovethatcarryingmorefataroundthewaistactuallycausesbraindiminution.Itcouldbethatpeoplewithlowervolumesofgraymatterincertainbrainareasareatahigherriskofobesity.Futurestudiesareneededtofindoutthereasonsforthelink.Alimitationofthestudyisthatpeoplewhoagreedtotakepartinthestudytendedtobehealthierthanpeoplewhodidnotwanttotakepart,sotheresultsmaynotapplytothegeneralpopulationasawhole,theresearchersnoted.8.Whatdoesthewaist-to-hipratiorefertointhetext?A.Ameasureofbellyfat. B.Acalculationofbodyweight.C.Abraintissuewithnervecells. D.Anevaluationofbrainvolume.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“diminution”inparagraph3mean?A.Risk. B.Decrease. C.Development. D.Recovery.10.Whatdoesthetextmainlywanttotellus?A.Bellyfatmaybeharmfultotheheart. B.Bellyfatcontributestobittermemories.C.Bellyfatresultsfromlowernervecells. D.Bellyfatisrelatedtolowerbrainvolume.11.Whatcanweinferfromtheresearch?A.Bellyfatisthecauseofbraindiminution.B.Goodgeneralhealthisimportantforgoodbrainhealth.C.Unhealthypeopleareactiveintakingpartinthestudy.D.Graymattermayinfluencethebraintissuethatcontainsnervecells.【答案】8.A9.B10.D11.B【解析】【分析】本文為說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)腹部肥胖與腦容量變小是相關(guān)聯(lián)的，介紹研究開(kāi)展的過(guò)程以及其局限性。【8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Bellyfathaslongbeenthoughttobeparticularlybadforyourheart,butnow,anewstudyaddsmoreevidencetotheideathatitmayalsobebadforyourbrain.(長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，腹部脂肪一直被認(rèn)為對(duì)心臟特別有害，但現(xiàn)在，一項(xiàng)新的研究提供了更多的證據(jù)，證明它可能對(duì)大腦也有害)”以及第二段“Thestudy,fromtheUnitedKingdom,foundthatpeoplewhowereobeseandhadahighwaist-to-hipratiohadslightlylowerbrainvolumesonaverage,comparedwithpeoplewhomaintainedahealthyweight.Specifically,bellyfatwaslinkedwithlowervolumesofgraymatter,thebraintissuethatcontainsnervecell.(這項(xiàng)來(lái)自英國(guó)的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，與保持健康體重的人相比，肥胖且腰臀比高的人平均腦容量略低。具體來(lái)說(shuō)，腹部脂肪與更少的灰質(zhì)有關(guān)，灰質(zhì)是包含神經(jīng)細(xì)胞的腦組織)”可知，腰臀比是一種腹部肥胖的測(cè)量指數(shù)。故選A?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thestudy,fromtheUnitedKingdom,foundthatpeoplewhowereobeseandhadahighwaist-to-hipratiohadslightlylowerbrainvolumesonaverage,comparedwithpeoplewhomaintainedahealthyweight.(這項(xiàng)來(lái)自英國(guó)的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，與保持健康體重的人相比，肥胖且腰臀比高的人平均腦容量略低)”以及畫(huà)線詞后文“Lowerbrainvolume,orbraindiminution,hasbeenlinkedwithanincreasedriskofmemorydecline.(更小的腦容量，或大腦的縮小，與記憶力下降的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加有關(guān))”可知，腹部肥胖可能與腦容量減少有關(guān)，故畫(huà)線詞意思是“減少”。A.Risk.風(fēng)險(xiǎn)；B.Decrease.減少；C.Development.發(fā)展；D.Recovery.恢復(fù)。故選B。【10題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Thenewfindings,publishedinthejournalNeurology,suggestthatthecombinationofobesity(asmeasuredbybodymassindex,orBMI)andahighwaist-to-hipratiomaybeariskfactorforbraindiminution,theresearcherssaid.However,thestudyfoundonlyanassociationbetweenbellyfatandlowerbrainvolume,andcannotprovethatcarryingmorefataroundthewaistactuallycausesbraindiminution.Itcouldbethatpeoplewithlowervolumesofgraymatterincertainbrainareasareatahigherriskofobesity.Futurestudiesareneededtofindoutthereasonsforthelink.(研究人員說(shuō)，發(fā)表在《神經(jīng)學(xué)》雜志上的新發(fā)現(xiàn)表明，肥胖（以體重指數(shù)（BMI）衡量）和高腰臀比可能是大腦萎縮的危險(xiǎn)因素。然而，這項(xiàng)研究只發(fā)現(xiàn)了腹部脂肪和腦容量小之間的聯(lián)系，并不能證明腰部脂肪過(guò)多會(huì)導(dǎo)致大腦萎縮。這可能是因?yàn)榇竽X某些區(qū)域灰質(zhì)含量較低的人患肥胖癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較高。未來(lái)的研究需要找出這種聯(lián)系的原因)”結(jié)合文章主要說(shuō)明了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)腹部肥胖與腦容量變小是相關(guān)聯(lián)的，介紹研究開(kāi)展的過(guò)程以及其局限性?？芍?，文章主要想告訴我們腹部肥胖與腦容量變小是相互關(guān)聯(lián)的。故選D?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Bellyfathaslongbeenthoughttobeparticularlybadforyourheart,butnow,anewstudyaddsmoreevidencetotheideathatitmayalsobebadforyourbrain.(長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，腹部脂肪一直被認(rèn)為對(duì)心臟特別有害，但現(xiàn)在，一項(xiàng)新的研究提供了更多的證據(jù)，證明它可能對(duì)大腦也有害)”可知，肥胖影響心臟和大腦，所以良好的身體健康對(duì)大腦健康非常重要。故選B。DIfyouthinkthatrunningmarathonswillhelpyoulivealongandhealthylife,newresearchmaycomeasashock.Accordingtoarecentscientificstudy,peoplewhodoaverystrenuousworkoutareaslikelytodieaspeoplewhodonoexerciseatall.ScientistsinDenmarkhavebeenstudyingover1,000joggers(慢跑者)andnon-joggersfor12years.Thedeathratesfromthesamplegroupindicatethatpeoplewhojogataproperpacetwoorthreetimesaweekforlessthantwoandahalfhoursintotalareleastlikelytodie.Thebestspeedtojogatwasfoundtobeabout5milesperhour.Theresearchsuggeststhatpeoplewhojogmorethanthreetimesaweekorathigherspeedsofover7mphdieatthesamerateasnon-joggers.Thescientiststhinkthatthisisbecausestrenuousexercisecausesstructuralchangestotheheartandarteries(動(dòng)脈).Overtime,thiscancauseseriouseffects.PeterSchnohr,aresearcherinCopenhagen,said,“Ifyourgoalistodecreaseriskofdeathandimprovelifeexpectancy(壽命),joggingafewtimesaweekataproperpaceisagoodstrategy.Anythingmoreisnotjustunnecessary,anditmaybeharmful.”Theimplications(暗示)ofthisarethatmoderateformsofexercisesuchastaichi,yogaandwalkingmaybebetterforusthan“ironmanevents,triathlonsandlong-distancerunningandcycling.AccordingtoJacobLouisMarott,anotherresearcherinvolvedinthestudy,“Youdon'tactuallyhavetodothatmuchtohaveagoodimpactonyourhealth.Andperhapsyoushouldn’tactuallydotoomuch”.12.Whichofthefollowingwordscanreplace“strenuous”inParagraph1?A.regular B.hard C.practical D.limited13.Whydoestheauthorpresentsthefigures(數(shù)字)inParagraph2?A.Tosuggestgivingupjogging B.ToshowrisksofdoingsportsC.Toprovidesupportiveevidence D.Tointroducetheresearchcontent14.Accordingtothescientists,whyistoomuchexerciseharmful?A.Itmayinjuretheheartandarteries. B.Itcanmakethebodytiredout.C.Itwillbringmuchpressure. D.Itconsumestoomuchenergy.15.Whatcanbethebesttitleofthetext?A.Noexerciseatallisthebestchoice. B.Moreexercisemeansahealthierlife.C.Marathonsrunnersareleastlikelytodie. D.Toostrenuousexerciseisnobetterthannone【答案】12.B13.C14.A15.D【解析】【分析】本文是議論文。研究表明那些從事的劇烈運(yùn)動(dòng)的人和根本不做運(yùn)動(dòng)的人死亡概率一樣，這是因?yàn)閯×疫\(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)損害我們的心臟和動(dòng)脈。適度的運(yùn)動(dòng)才有助于我們的健康?！?2題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。第一段“Ifyouthinkthatrunningmarathonswillhelpyoulivealongandhealthylife,newresearchmaycomeasashock（如果你認(rèn)為跑馬拉松能幫助你過(guò)上健康長(zhǎng)壽的生活，一項(xiàng)新的研究可能會(huì)讓你大吃一驚可知）”，人們一般認(rèn)為馬拉松會(huì)幫助我們過(guò)上健康長(zhǎng)壽的生活，但新的研究結(jié)果不是這樣。那些從事的strenuousworkout人和根本不做運(yùn)動(dòng)的人死亡可能性一樣?？梢酝茰y(cè)“runningmarathons”是屬于“strenuous運(yùn)動(dòng)”再根據(jù)第二段“becausestrenuousexercisecausesstructuralchangestotheheartandarteries因?yàn)閯×疫\(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)引起心臟和動(dòng)脈的結(jié)構(gòu)變化。”可推測(cè)，strenuousexercise是指劇烈運(yùn)動(dòng)。strenuous意為“高強(qiáng)度的，劇烈的，強(qiáng)烈的”。故選B項(xiàng)。【13題詳解】推理判斷題。第二段中“Theresearchsuggeststhatpeoplewhojogmorethanthreetimesaweekorathigherspeedsofover7mphdieatthesamerateasnon-joggers研究表明每周慢跑超過(guò)三次或時(shí)速超過(guò)7英里的人死亡率與非慢跑者相同，呈現(xiàn)研究數(shù)據(jù)提供證據(jù)，證明文章第一段提出的觀點(diǎn)：做非常劇烈運(yùn)動(dòng)的人和根本不做運(yùn)動(dòng)的人死亡可能性一樣。故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Thescientiststhinkthatthisisbecausestrenuousexercisecausesstructuralchangestotheheartandarteries(動(dòng)脈).Overtime,thiscancauseseriousinjuries（科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為這是因?yàn)閯×疫\(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)導(dǎo)致心臟和動(dòng)脈的結(jié)構(gòu)改變。隨著時(shí)間的推移，這會(huì)造成嚴(yán)重的傷害。）”可知，運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)度可能會(huì)損傷我們的心臟和動(dòng)脈。故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Anythingmoreisnotjustunnecessary,anditmaybeharmful”更多的東西不僅是不必要的,而且可能是有害的和第四段JacobLouisMarott的觀點(diǎn)“Andperhapsyoushouldn’tactuallydotoomuch”也許你實(shí)際上不應(yīng)該做太多?？芍?，如果目標(biāo)是降低死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和延長(zhǎng)壽命，以適當(dāng)?shù)乃俣让恐苈軒状问呛线m的，不應(yīng)該做太多的運(yùn)動(dòng)。適度的運(yùn)動(dòng)才對(duì)我們的健康有好處。故選D項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Therearemorethan7billionpeopleonEarth.Imaginewhatwillhappenifeachofusdecidestodoonething—nomatterhowsmall—toprotectwildlifeeveryday.___16___.Herearewaysyoucanmakeadifference.RaiseananimalFromwildanimalstowildplaces,there’sachoiceforeveryone.GettogetherwithclassmatestoraiseananimalfromawildlifeorganizationsuchastheWorldWildFundforNature.___17___.Dosomevolunteerwork___18___.Manyorganizationsandzooshavevolunteerprograms.Youcanhelpcleanbeaches,rescuewildanimalsorteachvisitors.Zoos,nationalparksandwildlifeprotectionareasareallhometowildanimals.Learnmoreaboutourplanet’sspeciesfromexperts.SeeEarth’smostamazingcreaturesupclose.SpeakupandjoinShareyourconcernforwildlifeprotectionwithyourfamily.___19___.Askeveryoneyouknowtodowhattheycantostopwildlifetrafficking(非法交易).Whetheryou’reintoprotectingnaturallivingplacesorpreventingwildlifetrafficking,findtheorganizationandtakepart.Becomeamember.Activelysupporttheorganizationofyourchoice.___20___Findnewwaystousethingsyoualreadyown.Ifyoucan’treusethem,recycle.TheMinnesotaZooencouragescustomerstorecyclemobilephonestocutdownaneedforthemineralcoltan(鈳鉭鐵礦),whichisminedfromlowlandgorillas’livingplaces.A.DevelopahabitofrecyclingB.TrytorecycleanythinginyourlifeC.TellyourfriendshowtheycanhelpD.Ifyoudon’thavemoneytogive,offeryourtimeE.ItisasmallandeasyactionbutofgreatimportanceF.EvenlittleactionscanhaveamajorinfluencewhenwealldosomethingG.Ifyouarebusywithyourworkorstudying,encourageotherstodoitforyou【答案】16.F17.E18.D19.C20.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。地球上有70多億人。想象一下，如果我們每個(gè)人決定做一件事——無(wú)論多么小——每天保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物，將會(huì)發(fā)生什么。文章主要介紹了一些可以保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物的方法?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Imaginewhatwillhappenifeachofusdecidestodoonething—nomatterhowsmall—toprotectwildlifeeveryday.(想象一下，如果我們每個(gè)人每天都決定做一件事——無(wú)論多小——來(lái)保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物，會(huì)發(fā)生什么)”由此可知，上文提到了無(wú)論多小的行動(dòng)也可以帶來(lái)影響，本句承接上文說(shuō)明，上文中nomatterhowsmall可對(duì)應(yīng)到F選項(xiàng)中l(wèi)ittleactions。故F選項(xiàng)“即使是很小的行動(dòng)也會(huì)對(duì)我們所有人的行動(dòng)產(chǎn)生重大影響”符合語(yǔ)境，故選F。【17題詳解】本句為本段最后一句，有總結(jié)上文的作用，結(jié)合上文“GettogetherwithclassmatestoraiseananimalfromawildlifeorganizationsuchastheWorldWildFundforNature.(和同學(xué)們聚在一起，從世界自然野生基金會(huì)等野生動(dòng)物組織那里養(yǎng)一只動(dòng)物)”由此可知，本句總結(jié)上文，說(shuō)明領(lǐng)養(yǎng)動(dòng)物這一行為的意義是我們能夠做小小的事情支持野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)。故E選項(xiàng)“這是一個(gè)小而容易的行動(dòng)，但很重要”符合語(yǔ)境，故選E?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Manyorganizationsandzooshavevolunteerprograms.Youcanhelpcleanbeaches,rescuewildanimalsorteachvisitors.(許多組織和動(dòng)物園都有志愿者計(jì)劃。你可以幫助清潔海灘，拯救野生動(dòng)物或教游客相關(guān)知識(shí))”由此可知，后文提到了投身志愿者計(jì)劃也可以幫助野生動(dòng)物，同時(shí)列舉了一系列需要花時(shí)間去做的活動(dòng)，說(shuō)明本句啟示后文，指出沒(méi)有錢(qián)，還可以拿出時(shí)間，參加保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物的志愿者活動(dòng)。故D選項(xiàng)“如果你沒(méi)有錢(qián)，那就拿出你的時(shí)間”符合語(yǔ)境，故選D。【19題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Shareyourconcernforwildlifeprotectionwithyourfamily.(和你的家人分享你對(duì)野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)的關(guān)心)”以及后文“Askeveryoneyouknowtodowhattheycantostopwildlifetrafficking(非法交易).(請(qǐng)所有你認(rèn)識(shí)的人盡他們所能阻止野生動(dòng)物交易)”由此可知，本句承上啟下說(shuō)明，如何向周?chē)娜诵麄鞅Ｗo(hù)野生動(dòng)物，上文提到了家人，本句應(yīng)當(dāng)是告訴朋友他們能幫上什么忙，故C選項(xiàng)“告訴你的朋友他們能幫上什么忙”符合語(yǔ)境，故選C。【20題詳解】本空是段落小標(biāo)題，根據(jù)后文“Findnewwaystousethingsyoualreadyown.Ifyoucan’treusethem,recycle.(找到新的方法來(lái)使用你已經(jīng)擁有的東西。如果你不能再利用它們，就回收利用)”由此可知，本段主要提倡循環(huán)利用。后文中recycle可對(duì)應(yīng)到A選項(xiàng)中recycling。故A選項(xiàng)“養(yǎng)成回收利用的習(xí)慣”符合語(yǔ)境，故選A。第三部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié),滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分,滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Akingoncewenttoamaster(大師).Hewantedtobecomemorepowerfulthanother___21___kings.Hesatinfrontofthemasterand___22___tellinghimthepurposeofhisvisit.Themasterlistened___23___totheking.Hethentoldthekingtogotothe___24___wherearoseplantandacypress(柏樹(shù))plantweregrowingsidebyside.Hetoldtheking,“Theyareyourteachers.Theycanteachyouwhatyouwantto___25___.”Thekingwentintothegarden,and___26___thetwoplantsbutcouldnotunderstandwhathecouldlearnfromthem.Hewentbacktothemasterandasked,“Whatdoyou___27___,master?Iamnotabletounderstandwhatandhowtheseplantswillteachme.”Themastertookthekingtotheplantsand___28___,“Thiscypressplanthasbeennexttotheroseplantforsomanyyears.Neveroncehasitwantedtobecomearoseplant.___29___,theroseplanthasneverwantedtobecomeacypressplant.Ifmanhadbeenthecypressplant,hewouldhavecomparedhimselfwiththeroseandfeltjealous(忌妒的)atthe___30___thatthebeautifulroseplantwasgettingfromallthepeople.___31___,ifmanweretheroseplant,hewouldhave___32___thecypressplantenviously(羨慕地)thinkinghow___33___theplantwaswithoutthetroubleofbeingdisturbedbypeopleallday!Bothoftheplantsgrewverywellbecausethey___34___alltheirenergyfortheirown___35___insteadofusingittocompetewiththeother.”21.A.rich B.handsome C.western D.neighboring22.A.forgot B.continued C.started D.suggested23.A.patiently B.angrily C.happily D.worriedly24.A.valley B.bank C.garden D.forest25.A.design B.learn C.build D.notice26.A.saw B.smelt C.noticed D.heard27.A.hear B.find C.say D.mean28.A.ordered B.explained C.asked D.requested29.A.Similarly B.Frequently C.Finally D.Luckily30.A.pack B.pay C.attention D.message31.A.Besides B.However C.Therefore D.Or32.A.lookedat B.waitedfor C.calledon D.listenedto33.A.heavy B.useful C.peaceful D.poor34.A.lost B.used C.lent D.received35.A.growth B.opinion C.fun D.victory【答案】21.D22.C23.A24.C25.B26.A27.D28.B29.A30.C31.D32.A33.C34.B35.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了一位國(guó)王，他想要比臨國(guó)的國(guó)王更強(qiáng)大，于是向一位大師求助。大師通過(guò)玫瑰和柏樹(shù)和平相處的例子讓國(guó)王明白，要把精力放在本國(guó)的發(fā)展上，不要互相攀比?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他想變得比其他鄰國(guó)的國(guó)王更強(qiáng)大。A.rich富有的；B.handsome英俊的；C.western西方的；D.neighboring臨近的。根據(jù)后文“wherearoseplantandacypress(柏樹(shù))plantweregrowingsidebyside”可知，大師用毗鄰生長(zhǎng)的柏樹(shù)和玫瑰為例向國(guó)王進(jìn)行勸說(shuō)，可推斷這個(gè)國(guó)王是想比鄰國(guó)的國(guó)王更加強(qiáng)大。故選D項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他坐在大師面前，開(kāi)始告訴大師他來(lái)訪的目的。A.forgot忘記；B.continued繼續(xù)；C.started開(kāi)始；D.suggested建議。根據(jù)后文“Themasterlistened___3___totheking”可知，此時(shí)大師在傾聽(tīng)國(guó)王講述，可推斷國(guó)王坐下之后開(kāi)始講自己的目的。故選C項(xiàng)。【23題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：大師耐心地聽(tīng)國(guó)王說(shuō)話。A.patiently耐心地；B.angrily生氣地；C.happily開(kāi)心地；D.worriedly擔(dān)憂地。根據(jù)后文“Hethentoldthekingtogotothe___4___wherearoseplantandacypress(柏樹(shù))plantweregrowingsidebyside.”可知，大師的態(tài)度很平靜，沒(méi)有生氣或者開(kāi)心或者擔(dān)憂，可推斷大師耐心地聽(tīng)完了國(guó)王的講述。故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然后他告訴國(guó)王去花園，那里有一株玫瑰和一株柏樹(shù)并排生長(zhǎng)。A.valley峽谷；B.bank河堤；C.garden花園；D.forest森林。根據(jù)后文“Thekingwentintothegarden”可知，大師告訴國(guó)王去的地方是花園。故填C項(xiàng)。【25題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：它們可以教你想學(xué)的東西。A.design設(shè)計(jì)；B.learn學(xué)習(xí)；C.build建造；D.notice注意到。根據(jù)后文“butcouldnotunderstandwhathecouldlearnfromthem”可知，大師讓國(guó)王從柏樹(shù)和玫瑰身上學(xué)習(xí)他想學(xué)的東西。故選B項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：國(guó)王走進(jìn)花園，看到了兩棵植物，但不知道他能從它們身上學(xué)到什么。A.saw看見(jiàn)；B.smelt聞到；C.noticed注意到；D.heard聽(tīng)到。根據(jù)前文“Hethentoldthekingtogotothe___4___wherearoseplantandacypress(柏樹(shù))plantweregrowingsidebyside.”可知，大師讓國(guó)王去花園找玫瑰和柏樹(shù)，所以國(guó)王是帶著目的去的，不是無(wú)意中注意到，而是走進(jìn)花園然后看到了這兩顆植物。故選A項(xiàng)。【27題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：什么意思，大師?A.hear聽(tīng)見(jiàn)；B.find發(fā)現(xiàn)；C.say說(shuō)；D.mean意味著，意思是。根據(jù)后文“Iamnotabletounderstandwhatandhowtheseplantswillteachme.”可知，國(guó)王不能理解大師的深意，所以去而復(fù)返詢問(wèn)大師是什么意思。故選D項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：大師帶國(guó)王到植物旁解釋說(shuō)。A.ordered命令；B.explained解釋?zhuān)籆.asked問(wèn)；D.requested要求。根據(jù)前文“Whatdoyou___7___,master?Iamnotabletounderstandwhatandhowtheseplantswillteachme.”可知，國(guó)王不懂大師的意思，所以大師帶國(guó)王到植物旁進(jìn)行解說(shuō)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：同樣，玫瑰也從未想過(guò)要變成柏樹(shù)。A.Similarly相似地，同樣地；B.Frequently經(jīng)常；C.Finally最終；D.Luckily幸運(yùn)地。根據(jù)前文“Thiscypressplanthasbeennexttotheroseplantforsomanyyears.Neveroncehasitwantedtobecomearoseplant”可知，柏樹(shù)從沒(méi)有想過(guò)成為玫瑰；根據(jù)后文“theroseplanthasneverwantedtobecomeacypressplant”可知，玫瑰也從未想過(guò)成為柏樹(shù)，可推斷柏樹(shù)和玫瑰都是一樣的做法。故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：如果人類(lèi)是柏樹(shù)，他一定會(huì)把自己和玫瑰作比較，看到美麗的玫瑰受到人們的關(guān)注，他會(huì)感到嫉妒。A.pack包裹；B.pay工資，薪水；C.attention注意力；D.message信息。根據(jù)后文“theplantwaswithoutthetroubleofbeingdisturbedbypeopleallday”可知，玫瑰每天被人欣賞關(guān)注，獲得了人們的注意。故選C項(xiàng)。【31題詳解】考查副詞和連詞詞義辨析。句意：或者，如果人是玫瑰，他會(huì)羨慕地看著柏樹(shù)，想這棵樹(shù)是多么平靜，沒(méi)有整天被人打擾的煩惱！A.Besides除此之外；B.However然而；C.Therefore因此；D.Or或者。此處大師是做了兩種假設(shè)，一種是如果人是柏樹(shù)，另一種是如果人是玫瑰，兩種假設(shè)用or連接起來(lái)。故選D項(xiàng)。【32題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：或者，如果人是玫瑰，他會(huì)羨慕地看著柏樹(shù)，想這棵樹(shù)是多么平靜，沒(méi)有整天被人打擾的煩惱！A.lookedat看著；B.waitedfor等待；C.calledon號(hào)召；D.listenedto傾聽(tīng)。根據(jù)前文“Thiscypressplanthasbeennexttotheroseplantforsomanyyears.”可知，柏樹(shù)和玫瑰是鄰居，所以此處表達(dá)的是玫瑰看著柏樹(shù)，生出羨慕之意。故選A項(xiàng)。【33題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：或者，如果人是玫瑰，他會(huì)羨慕地看著柏樹(shù)，想這棵樹(shù)是多么平靜，沒(méi)有整天被人打擾的煩惱！A.heavy繁重的；B.useful有用的；C.peaceful平靜的；D.poor貧窮的。根據(jù)后文“withoutthetroubleofbeingdisturbedbypeopleallday”可知，柏樹(shù)沒(méi)人打擾，所以過(guò)著平靜的生活。故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這兩種植物都長(zhǎng)得很好，因?yàn)樗鼈儼阉械木Χ加糜谧约旱纳L(zhǎng)，而不是用來(lái)與其他植物競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。A.lost丟失；B.used使用；C.lent借出；D.received收到。根據(jù)后文“insteadofusingittocompetewiththeother”可知，此處是指這兩種植物用所有的精力促進(jìn)自己生長(zhǎng)。故選B項(xiàng)。35題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這兩種植物都長(zhǎng)得很好，因?yàn)樗鼈儼阉械木Χ加糜谧约旱纳L(zhǎng)，而不是用來(lái)與其他植物競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。A.growth生長(zhǎng)；B.opinion觀點(diǎn)；C.fun樂(lè)趣；D.victory勝利。根據(jù)前文“Bothoftheplantsgrewverywell”可知，他們長(zhǎng)得好的原因是把精力都用在了自我的成長(zhǎng)上。故選A項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下列材料，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Learning_____36_____newlanguageisnoteasy,butaChineseinWashingtonD.C.saysheknowshowtomakeitless____37____(difficulty).LiLei,teachingChinesetochildren,says,“ThemagickeytoLicametoWashingtonD.C.throughtheStateDepartment’sTeachersofCriticalLanguageProgramme,whichbrin