2023年考研考博-考博英語-上海交通大學(xué)考試歷年高頻考點(diǎn)真題答案

2023年考研考博-考博英語-上海交通大學(xué)考試歷年高頻考點(diǎn)真題答案第1卷一.綜合題(共25題)1.單選題Weshallneverbeableto（）ourselvestrulyunlessweareworkingforthewelfareofourfellows.問題1選項(xiàng)A.realizeB.spotC.accomplishD.fulfill2.單選題Havingpublishedmorethanadozenpapersinsomefirst-ratejournals,sheisheldinhigh（）byhercolleagues.問題1選項(xiàng)A.esteemB.evaluationC.estateD.ego3.單選題Anotherbigissue（）thenationistheproblemoftheeducationofitscitizens.問題1選項(xiàng)A.confiningB.confirmingC.conformingD.confronting4.單選題Plasticbagsareusefulforholdingmanykindsoffood（）theircleanness,toughnessandlowcost.問題1選項(xiàng)A.byvirtueofB.bymeansofC.atsightofD.bywayof5.單選題Bigcitestodayareconfrontedwithveryseriousproblems.Transportisa（1）difficulty:someplannersbelievein（2）transportsystem;othersbelieveinmakingitpossibleforcitizenstomove（3）inprivatecars.Thereareseveralwaysof（4）apublictransportsystem.Sometimesitisbuiltundertheground,sometimesitisonthe（5）,andsometimesitisevenabovegroundlevel,（6）inpartsofNewYorkandmorecrimeandTokyoforexample.Inmostcases,ofcourse,itisa（7）ofsomeoralloftheseelements.The（8）ofthecitycentershasalsobeenaprobleminthelast30years.Theheartsofmanycitieshavebecomepoorerandpoorer,（9）moreandmorecrimeandviolence,（10

）thepeoplewhocanaffordtohavemovedouttothe（11）.Thisistheoppositeofthesituation100yearsago,（12）wealthypeoplelivedinthecenter,andthepoorlived（13

）theoutskirtsofthecity.Ecologicalproblemsalso（14）,asfactoriesandcarspollutetheair,treearecutdowntomake（15

）forurbanclearways,andcrowdedconditionscausegarbageto（16

）inthestreets.Inordertosolvetheseproblems,someplannersbelieveweshouldlimitthesizeofourcities,perhapsbyrestrictingpopulation,orperhapsbyoffering（17）jobsintheprovinces.Othersbelievethatcitiescannotbelimitedinsizeandthattheproblemsmustbesolvedina（18）ofways—bycreatinggreenareas,building（19

）housesforeverybody,stoppingfactorypollution,（20

）motortransport,andsoon.問題1選項(xiàng)A.minorB.majorC.littleD.small問題2選項(xiàng)A.massB.messC.massyD.messy問題3選項(xiàng)A.outsideB.throughC.acrossD.about問題4選項(xiàng)A.settingupB.makingupC.takingupD.buildingup問題5選項(xiàng)A.fieldB.earthC.surfaceD.soil問題6選項(xiàng)A.likeB.asC.sameD.similar問題7選項(xiàng)A.cooperationB.imitationC.separationD.combination問題8選項(xiàng)A.decreaseB.declineC.reductionD.release問題9選項(xiàng)A.orB.beingC.withD.against問題10選項(xiàng)A.whileB.thoughC.becauseD.even問題11選項(xiàng)A.suburbsB.downtownsC.countrysidesD.rural問題12選項(xiàng)A.whereB.whatC.whenD.why問題13選項(xiàng)A.onB.inC.atD.by問題14選項(xiàng)A.ariseB.riseC.arouseD.raise問題15選項(xiàng)A.placeB.pathC.roadD.way問題16選項(xiàng)A.composeB.presentC.accumulateD.dispose問題17選項(xiàng)A.potentialB.attractiveC.competitiveD.secure問題18選項(xiàng)A.variousB.variableC.varietyD.varying問題19選項(xiàng)A.decentB.fundamentalC.delicateD.eternal問題20選項(xiàng)A.developingB.forbiddingC.reformingD.eliminating6.單選題HelenKeller'sworkgavecomfortandencouragementtootherhandicappedpeoplewho（）mighthaveledahopelesslife.問題1選項(xiàng)A.thereforeB.thusC.orD.otherwise7.寫作題Directions:Somepeoplesaythatthebestpreparationforlifeislearningtobecooperative.Otherstaketheoppositeviewandsaythatlearningtobecompetitiveisthebestpreparation,Tellwhichoneyouagreewithandexplainwhy,Pleasewriteanessayofabout300wordsonthisissue.Youshouldgivespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyourposition.WritetheessayontheAnswerSheetonly.8.單選題Theteachertriedtoexplaintheproblem,buttheexplanationdidnot（）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.comeupB.hangonC.getacrossD.lookout9.單選題Sheboughtahousenearthesealastyearsoshecouldtakea（）alongthebeachwhenevershewantedto.問題1選項(xiàng)A.strollB.strideC.stretchD.strand10.單選題Inthevastmajorityofcases,thepopulace（老百姓）tendsto（）economicsuccesswithdemocracy.問題1選項(xiàng)A.digestB.distinguishC.assimilateD.identify11.單選題CaliforniansandNewEnglandersspeakthesamelanguageand（）bythesamefederallaws.問題1選項(xiàng)A.conformB.abideC.sustainD.comply12.單選題Hehadaquarrelwithhiswifeandjust（）her.問題1選項(xiàng)A.becameofB.gotholdofC.walkedoutonD.passedover13.單選題Thepoisonproducedbythespider'sskinisso（）thatitwillparalyzeabirdoramonkeyimmediately.問題1選項(xiàng)A.lethalB.liableC.tediousD.profound14.單選題Howmanythingscanyouseeinthenightsky?Alot!OnaclearnightyoumightseetheMoon,someplanets,andthousandsofsparklingstars,Youcanseeevenmorewithatelescope.Youmightseestarswherebeforeyouonlysawdarkspace.Youmightseethatmanystarslooklargerthanothers.Youmightseethatsomestarsthatlookwhitearereallyredorblue.Withbiggerandbiggertelescopesyoucanseemoreandmoreobjectsinthesky.Andyoucanseethoseobjectsinmoreandmoredetails.Butscientistsbelievetherearesomethingsintheskythatwewillneversee.Wewon'tseethemwiththebiggesttelescopeintheworld,ontheclearestnightoftheyear.That'sbecausethey'reinvisible.They'rethemysteriousdeadstarscalledblackholes.Youmightfindithardtoimaginethatstarsdie.Afterall,ourSunisastar.Yearafteryearweseeitupintheskyburningbrightly,givingusheatandlight.TheSuncertainlydoesn'tseemtobegettingoldorweak.Butstarsdoburnoutanddieafterbillionsofyears.Asastar'sgasesburn,theygiveofflightandheat.Butwhenthegasrunsout,thestarstopsburningandbeginstodie.Asthestarcools,theouterlayersofthestarpullintowardthecenter.Thestarsquashesintoasmallerandsmallerball.Ifthestarwasverysmall,thestarendsupasacold,darkballcalledablackdwarf.Ifthestarwasverybig,itkeepssquashinginwarduntilit'spackedtogethertighterthananythingintheuniverse.ImagineiftheEarthwerecrusheduntilitwasthesizeofatinymarble.That'showtightlythisdeadstar,ablackholeispackeD.Whatpullsthestarintowarditscenterwithsuchpower?It'sthesameforcethatpullsyoudownwhenyoujump—theforcecalledgravity.Ablackholeissotightlypackedthatitsgravitysucksineverything—evenlight.Thelightfromblackholecannevercomebacktoyoureyes.That'swhyyouseenothingbutblackness.Sothenexttimeyoustareupatthenightsky,remember：there'smoreintheskythanmeetstheeyes!Scatteredinthesilentdarknessareblackholes—thegreatmysteryofspace.1.Accordingtothearticle,whatcausesastartodie?2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTafact?3.WhathappensAFTERastardies?4.Whycan'tyouseelightwhenyoulookatablackhole?5.Whatisthemainideaofthearticle?問題1選項(xiàng)A.Asitsgasesrunout,itcoolsdown.B.Itcollideswithotherstars.C.Itcanonlyliveforaboutamillionyears.D.Asitgetshotterandhotter,itexplodes.問題2選項(xiàng)A.Blackholesaredeadstars.B.Blackholeshavegravity.C.Blackholesareinvisible.D.Thereisnothingasmysteriousasablackhole.問題3選項(xiàng)A.Itbecomesinvisible.B.ItfallstoEarth.C.Itburnsupallofitsgases.D.Itbecomesbrighterandeasiertosee.問題4選項(xiàng)A.Becausemostblackholesaresofaraway.B.Becausethegravityofablackholeissostrongthatitsucksthelightinward.C.Becauseasthestar'sgasesburn,itstopsgivingoffheatandlight.D.Becauseasastarcools,itsouterlayerspullintowarditscenter.問題5選項(xiàng)A.ThefutureofourSunbillionsofyearsfromnow.B.ThedifferencebetweenourSunandadeadstar.C.Themysteryofblackholesintheuniverse.D.Thesparklinganddyingstarsinthesky.15.單選題Althoughfamilyaffairsarethoughttobe（）,manypubliclawsaffectingallofusarebasedonwhatisthoughttobecorrectbehavioroffamilymembers.問題1選項(xiàng)A.complicatedB.delicateC.ordinaryD.private16.單選題Forfearthatanewshoppingcenterwouldruinthepeaceofthecommunity,manyresidents（）theconstructionplan.問題1選項(xiàng)A.approvedB.counteredC.defendedD.opposed17.單選題Doyouknowthefactthatbroadbeancontain（）thatmustbedestroyedbycookingthemathightemperaturebeforeeatingthem?問題1選項(xiàng)A.flakeB.aromaC.etherD.toxin18.單選題Duetosluggishmarketconditions,thefactory'sworkforcehas（）fromover4,000toafewhundred.問題1選項(xiàng)A.proclaimedB.dwindledC.repressedD.indulged19.單選題Fromthelivingroomandfamilyautotothesupermarketandoffice,it'simpossibletoescapetheelectronicrevolutionthatis（）thewaypeopleliveandwork.問題1選項(xiàng)A.resumingB.transformingC.preparingD.seeking20.單選題Hefinallyagreedtosigntheagreementwithus,butwithsome（）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.recurrenceB.rejectionC.reluctanceD.refutation21.單選題"Wedidn'twanttodispleaseourmost（）supporters,therefore,wehaveprovidedthemwiththeopportunityofgettingextraticketstoanygamethisyear,"saidthemanagerofthefootballclub.問題1選項(xiàng)A.acuteB.ardentC.sheerD.fantastic22.單選題Inthe（）chapters,theprofessorhastracedtheredefinitionofBritain'sglobalpositioninrecentdecades.問題1選項(xiàng)A.obsoleteB.abidingC.precedingD.wielding23.單選題Iamdisgusted（）thewaythecoupletalksabouttheactress'sprivatelife.問題1選項(xiàng)A.overB.forC.atD.with24.單選題Thetroopswereina（）position,completelyexposedtoattackfromtheair.問題1選項(xiàng)A.eminentB.brutalC.vulnerableD.adequate25.單選題Mr.Smithrecentlyhas（）tennistorelaxhimselfinsparetime.問題1選項(xiàng)A.takenupB.takeninC.takenonD.takenover第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】D【解析】近義詞辨析。realize著重指把過去的計(jì)劃或意愿變成現(xiàn)實(shí);spot為動(dòng)詞時(shí)指的是"沾上污漬";accomplish是正式用詞,強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)過程的完成,也可指依靠努力達(dá)到一定目的,或取得一定的結(jié)果;fulfill強(qiáng)調(diào)夢寐以求,強(qiáng)調(diào)滿足。句意：除非我們?yōu)樗说母＠ぷ?否則我們永遠(yuǎn)不可能真正實(shí)現(xiàn)自我。選項(xiàng)D更恰當(dāng)。

2.【答案】A【解析】名詞詞義辨析。esteem尊重,尊敬;evaluation評價(jià);estate財(cái)產(chǎn);ego自負(fù)。句意：她在一些一流的刊物上發(fā)表了十多篇論文,深受同事們的尊敬。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。3.【答案】D【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。confine限制，局限；confirm確認(rèn)，批準(zhǔn)；conform符合，遵守；confront面臨，遭遇。句意：這個(gè)國家面臨的另一大問題是公民的教育問題。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

4.【答案】A【解析】介詞詞義辨析。byvirtueof"由于,憑借";bymeansof"用,依靠";atsightof"一看見";bywayof"經(jīng)由,當(dāng)作"。句意：塑料袋可用來裝各種食品,因?yàn)樗鍧崱⒛陀糜謨r(jià)廉。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。5.【答案】第1題:B第2題:A第3題:A第4題:A第5題:B第6題:B第7題:D第8題:B第9題:C第10題:A第11題:A第12題:C第13題:A第14題:A第15題:D第16題:C第17題:B第18題:C第19題:A第20題:D【解析】1.結(jié)合上下文：現(xiàn)在的大城市正面臨著許多嚴(yán)重的問題，而交通則是一個(gè)最主要的難題。選項(xiàng)B符合原文句意。2.固定搭配。masstransportsystem指"公共交通體系"。本句意思：有些規(guī)劃者相信公共交通體系可以解決這一問題。3.moveout?side"外遷";movethrough"跨過";moveacross"跨過";moveabout"走來走去"。根據(jù)句意：另外一些人相信公民可以駕駛私家汽車出行。4.setup"建立";makeup"組成,編造";takeup"拿起,占據(jù)",buildup"增進(jìn),增強(qiáng)"。這里指建立公共交通系統(tǒng)，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。5.結(jié)合上下文可知，這里指在地面上。onthefield"在操場上,在田野上";ontheearth"在地面上"；onthesurface"在表面上,在外表上",onthesoil"在土壤上"。所以選項(xiàng)B符合原文。6.根據(jù)原文句意可知，這里是以紐約和東京的部分地區(qū)為例。下文的forexample決定了這里只能填入as，其他選項(xiàng)均不正確。7.根據(jù)句意：大多數(shù)情況下，它們是所有這些元素的結(jié)合。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。combinationof"是...的結(jié)合",cooperation一般與with搭配，指"與...合作"。8.根據(jù)句意這里應(yīng)該指城市中心的衰退，只有選項(xiàng)B符合，其他選項(xiàng)不用來修飾citycenters。9.這里是一個(gè)插入語，所以用with表伴隨。選項(xiàng)C正確。句意:許多市中心變得越來越貧窮,犯罪事件和暴力行為也越來越多。10.根據(jù)填空處后面的thepeoplewhocanafford可推測，這里應(yīng)填入while表示兩種情況形成對比。11.根據(jù)句意可推測，這里應(yīng)該選擇一個(gè)和"市中心"相對的詞語。suburb"郊區(qū)";down?town"市區(qū)";countryside和rural均指"鄉(xiāng)下;農(nóng)村"。所以選項(xiàng)A更恰當(dāng)。12.根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句意判斷,這里應(yīng)填入引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語的關(guān)系副詞when，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。13.固定搭配。ontheoutskirtsof為固定搭配，指"在郊區(qū)"。14.形近詞辨析。arise"產(chǎn)生";rise"升髙,上升;站起來,起床";arouse"喚醒",通常接意識(shí),覺悟等詞;raise"提起,舉起,撫養(yǎng)"。根據(jù)句意：生態(tài)問題也隨之產(chǎn)生。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。15.固定搭配。makewayforsth.表示"給...讓路"。16.根據(jù)句意,這里指垃圾在街道上聚集。accumulate"增加,聚集";compose"組成,構(gòu)成";present"出現(xiàn),出席";dispose"處理,處置"。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。17.potential"潛在的";attractive"有吸引力的";competitive"有競爭力的";secure"牢固的,可靠的"。句意：為了解決這些問題，一些規(guī)劃者認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該限制城市的規(guī)模，比如限制人口，在地方提供有吸引力的工作。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。18.avarietyof"許多的"為固定搭配；various"多樣的",前面不接不定冠詞"a";variable"易變的,多變的";varying"變化的"。句意:另外一些人認(rèn)為城市規(guī)模不能縮小,問題應(yīng)該用多種方法來解決。19.形容詞辨析。decent"合乎禮儀的;像樣的;體面的";fundamental"基本的,重要的,必要的";delicate"纖弱的;瘦弱的";eternal"永久的"。這里指給每個(gè)人建造像樣的房屋，所以選項(xiàng)A符合原文。20.選項(xiàng)B首先排除,文章需要一個(gè)動(dòng)名詞,而不是一個(gè)形容詞,選項(xiàng)A和C意思不符,所以也排除,只有選項(xiàng)D正確。6.【答案】D【解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。句意：海倫?凱勒的工作是給其他殘疾人以安慰和鼓勵(lì),否則他們可能會(huì)過著絕望的生活。前后構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,選項(xiàng)D正確。

7.【答案】Whichismoreimportanttoone'ssuccesscooperativeorcompetitive?Forsuchquestions,differentpeoplehavedifferentviews.Butinmyconception,Iguesscooperationismorevitalthancompetitive.Firstly,cooperationisourhumanbeingsintrinsicmotive.Whenhumanbeingscouldbecalled"humanbeings"whoaredifferentwithanimals,cooperationisoneofthemostimportantfactorsforourevolution.Wehavewiserbrainthananyothercreaturesonthisplanetbecauseweknowhowtoachieveourgoalthroughteamwork.Wecouldsaythatwithoutcooperation,maybewearestillliveinStone-era.Secondly,inmodernsociety,wearefacingmoreandmoresophisticationinsocialdivisionoflabor.TheTVsetwhichisverycommontoeverybodyofusismadeupofthousandsofsparepartswhichmaybemadeinhundredsoffactory.Thecar,thecomputer,eventhesewingmachineandfruitknifeisverycomplicatedduringthemanufactureprocedure.Similarlyatoneworkshop,asmallmemberteam,evenwifeandhusband,weneedtobecooperativewitheachother.Thirdly,wemakepreparationforsuccess,wehavetobecooperative.Inmodernmanagementpointsofview,cooperationandinter-dependenceareelites.Wearealwaysemphasizing"synergy"whichmeans1+1morethan2.Cooperationisthematchwhichcouldlightenfire.Cooperationisthekeywhichcouldopenthedoorofsuccess.However,likeacoinhastwosides,wecannotoverlooktheeffectiveandpositiveinfluenceofcompetition.Cooperation,thencompetition,Ithink,istherightway.

8.【答案】C【解析】動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。comeup"走近;發(fā)生";hangon"堅(jiān)持下去;不掛斷;握住不放";getacross"被理解,被接受";lookout"注意;當(dāng)心"。句意：老師試圖解釋這個(gè)問題,但這個(gè)解釋不被大家所接受。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。9.【答案】A【解析】名詞辨析題。stroll"散步,漫步";stride"大步";stretch"延伸,延續(xù)";strand"（線、繩、發(fā)的）股;縷"。句意：她去年在海邊買了一所房子，這樣她就可以隨時(shí)在海灘上散步了。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

10.【答案】C【解析】固定搭配。digest消化,吸收;distinguish區(qū)分,一般與from搭配;assimilate吸收,同化;assimilatewith使相似,將...比作...;identify鑒定,識(shí)別。句意：在絕大多數(shù)情況下,民眾傾向于將經(jīng)濟(jì)成功與民主等同起來。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。11.【答案】B【解析】固定搭配題。abideby指"遵守...";conform"遵守,符合",一般與to和with搭配;sustain"承受;維持";comply"遵從，服從"，一般與with搭配。句意：加利福尼亞人和新英格蘭人說同一種語言,并且遵守同樣的聯(lián)邦法律。選項(xiàng)B正確。

12.【答案】C【解析】動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。becameof"使遭遇……;……降臨于;發(fā)生……情況";gotholdof"抓住;握住,占有";walkedouton"丟在一邊";passedover"越過;忽略;寬恕;回避"。句意：他和妻子吵了一架,然后把她丟在一邊。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。13.【答案】A【解析】形容詞的辨析題。lethal"致死的,致命的";liable"有責(zé)任的,有義務(wù)的";tedious"乏味的,單調(diào)的";profound"知識(shí)淵博的。句意：蜘蛛皮膚產(chǎn)生的毒液是致命的，它會(huì)立即使一只鳥或一只猴子癱瘓。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

14.【答案】第1題:A第2題:D第3題:A第4題:B第5題:C【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)笫五段的第二句"whenthegasrunsout,thestarstopsburningandbeginstodie."當(dāng)氣體耗盡時(shí),恒星停止燃燒并開始死亡。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知,選項(xiàng)A,B,C均是對黑洞正確的描述;選項(xiàng)D描述太絕對,所以不正確。3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)六七段的內(nèi)容可知,當(dāng)恒星死亡后,重力使其向內(nèi)擠壓,最后可能形成黑洞。而黑洞是看不見的,所以選項(xiàng)A正確。4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)策二段的倒數(shù)二三句"Ablackholeissotight