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第=page11頁,共=sectionpages11頁2023年黑龍江省哈爾濱重點中學高考英語三模試卷一、閱讀理解(本大題共15小題,共30.0分)AAmazingExhibitionstoSeein2023Lookingforyournextculturefix?Explorethemust-seeexhibitionsforthecomingyear.
TheAdventureofPottery,KettlesYard,Cambridge
4March-25June2023
Thepotter,LucieRie,wasakeyfigureinBritishpost-warart.Hertechnicalinnovationspermanentlyextendedthelanguageofstudiopottery.Herachievementsrangefromfunctionaltablewaretoelegantbowlsandvases.Rie'searlypotsfromthe1920sand1930sunderlinethemodernistprinciplesofclarityandinnovation.
BirdsofAmerica,ComptonVerney
1July-1October2023
Audubon'sBirdsofAmericaexaminestheartistryandlegacyofoneoftheworld'srarestandlargestbooks.Publishedasaseriesbetween1827and1838,BirdsofAmericaachievedinternationalfameduetoitsepicscaleandthebook'soutstandingornithological(鳥類學)illustrations.ComptonVerney'sgroundsareawildlifereserve,makingtheperfectsettingfortheshow.
LoveLife,Charleston,EastSussex
1September2023–8March2024
OnshowareDavidHockney'srarely-seendrawingsfromthelate1960sand1970s.In2017,DavidHockney,oneofBritain'smostpopularandrecognizableartists,paintedthewords"LoveLife"onthefinalwalloftheshow.Explaininghisactions,hesaid,"Ilovemywork.AndIthinktheworkhaslove.Actually...Ilovelife."
ImpressionistsonPaper,RoyalAcademy
25November2023-10March2024
Inthelate19thcentury,ImpressionistandPost-ImpressionistartistsinFrancetotallytransformedthefuturedirectionofartandchallengedthetraditionalattitudes.Theyliftedthestatusofworksonpaper,drawings,watercolours,etc.,fromsomethingleftinastudiotoartworksintheirownright.Thisexhibitionbringstogetheraround70worksforvisitors.1.Whichexhibitionwouldyougoifyouarcinterestedintableware?______A.TheAdventureofPottery. B.BirdsofAmerica.
C.ImpressionistsonPaper. D.Lovelife.2.WhatisspecialaboutComptonVerney?______A.It'stheleadingexhibitionhallofUK.
B.Ithasahistoryofaround200years.
C.It'sasafeplaceforwildanimalstolive.
D.Itenjoysinternationalfameforinnovation.3.HowmanyexhibitionscanpeoplevisitinDecember2023?______A.One. B.Two. C.Three. D.Four.BBrittanyStarksisasinglemotheroftwoworkingmultiplejobsinTennessee.Herlifehasnotbeeneasy.Inthepastfewyearsshehasbeenhomeless,sufferedfromseveredepression,hadtocareforasickchild,andwasalmostkilledinacaraccident.
Itwastheaccident,shesays,thatarousedinheradesiretospreadkindnessinallthewaysshecould.Shebecamefocusedontakingeveryopportunityshehadtohelpthoseinneed.OnAugust4,Starksofferedfreehair-braiding(發(fā)辮)servicestohercommunity."IthoughtIwasonlygoingtogetfivetosevenkidsbutIhad35,"Starkssaid.
HerinboxwasquicklyfloodedwithrequestsforappointmentsandStarksfoundherselfworkingeverynightfortwoweeksstraightintotheearlyhoursofthemorning."Iwantedtodosomethingfortheparentslikemewhosemoneyisgoingtobefeedingtheirchildrenandmakingsuretheyhavearoofovertheirhead,"Starkssaid."Iwasn'texpectingabigreaction.IthoughtImaybegetfivekidsorso,butIdidn'trealizehowhugetheneedwasforthis."Andtherequestskeeprollinginwithmanyparentswillingtocomefromoutofstate.
Somanyrequeststhatshehashadtocallinextrasupport.She'salsolaunchedaGoFundMetohelppayforthehairstylingsuppliesshewasinitiallypavingforherself."Ididn'twanttomakeaGoFundMebutIhadsomanypeopleaskingmetomakeonesothattheycandonate,"shesaid.
Starkssaysoncethebacktoschoolrushisover,sheplanstokeepuptheeffortonceamonthforchildrenalloverNashville."Doingthismakesmehappy,"shesaid."Thesmileonthechildren'sfacesarepriceless.ItbringsmesomuchjoytoknowImadeadifferenceintheirlife."4.TheauthorexplainshowStarkswasgoingby______.A.listingnumbers B.presentingfacts
C.makinganexample D.makingacomparison5.WhichofthefollowingpushedStarkstospreadkindness?______A.Thecaraccident. B.Astranger'skindness.
C.Thefreehair-braidingservice. D.Ahelpinherchildhood.6.HowdidpeoplerespondtoStarks'sservice?______A.Theywereindifferenttoit.
B.Theywereunabletorefuseit.
C.Theywereeagertoaskforhelp.
D.Theyweregratefulforthekindness.7.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?______A.StarkshopestolaunchaGoFundMeinthefuture.
B.StarksdonatedmuchmoneytoanaccountofGoFundMe.
C.Starksoftenrushedtohelpwhenschoolwasover.
D.StarkswillkeeponspreadingkindnessalloverNashville.CForthefirsttime,scientistshavesuccessfullygrownplantsinlunarsoilbroughtbacktoEarthbyNASA'sApolloastronauts.Researchershadnoideaifanythingwouldsprout(發(fā)芽)intheharshmoondirtandwantedtoseeifitcouldbeusedtogrowfoodbythenextgenerationoflunarexplorers.
"Aftertwodays,theystartedtosprout!"saidAnna-LisaPaul,aprofessorinHorticulturalSciencesattheUniversityofFlorida,whotookpartintheexperiment."Everythingsprouted.Ican'ttellyouhowastonishedwewere!Everyplant—whetherinalunarsampleorinacontrol(參照實驗)—lookedthesameupuntilaboutdaysix."
RobertFerloftheUniversityofFlorida'sInstituteofFoodandAgriculturalSciencesandhiscolleaguesplantedthalecress(阿拉伯芥)inmoonsoilreturnedbyApollo11'sNeilArmstrongandBuzzAldrin,andothermoonwalkers.Alloftheseedssprouted.Butwithinaweek,thecoarseness(粗糙度)andotherpropertiesofthelunarsoilstressedthesmall,floweringweedssomuchthattheygrewmoreslowlythanseedlingsplantedindirtfromEarth.Mostofthemoonplantsendedupstunted(發(fā)育不良).
Thelongerthesoilwasexposedtotoughcosmicradiationandsolarwindonthemoon,theworsetheplantsseemedtodo.TheApolloIIsamples—exposedacoupleofbillionyearslongertotheelements—weretheleastlikelyforplantstogrow,scientistssaid.Onesolutionmightbetouseyoungergeologicspotsonthemoon,likelavaflows,fordiggingupplantingsoil.Theenvironmentalsocouldbeimproved,changingthenutrientmixtureoradjustingtheartificiallighting.
NASAsaidthetimingforsuchanexperimentwasright,withthespaceagencylookingtoputastronautsbackonthemooninafewyears.Theidealsituationwouldbeforfutureastronautstomakeuseoftheendlesssupplyofavailablelocaldirtforindoorplantingratherthansetupahydroponic(水培的)orall-watersystem,scientistssaid."Thefactthatanythinggrewmeansthatwehaveareallygoodstartingpoint,andnowthequestionishowdoweoptimizeandimprove,"saidSharmilaBhattacharya,NASA'sprogramscientistforspacebiology.8.Whydidthescientiststrytogrowplantsinthelunarsoil?______A.Tosolvethefoodcrisisintheworld.
B.Totakemoredirtfromthemoon.
C.Topreparefoodforfutureastronauts.
D.Tosendmoreexplorerstothemoon.9.Whatmadethesproutedseedsendupstunted?______A.Theverylowqualityofthesoil.
B.Theyfloweredtoomuchsoon.
C.Thepolluteddirtontheearth.
D.Thechangeofartificiallighting.10.Whatkindofmoonsoilwouldprobablybesuitableforplantgrowth?______A.Theonereceivingcosmicradiation.
B.Theoneexposedtosolarwind.
C.Theonehavingaverylonghistory.
D.Theonecomingfromlavaflows.11.Whatwillscientistsmostprobablydonext?______A.Useavailableearthdirtforplanting.
B.Continuetogrowplantsinlunarsoil.
C.Putmoreastronautsbackonthemoon.
D.Setupahydroponicorall-watersystem.DYes,havingabignameinsciencewillhelpgetyourpaperpublished,anewstudyconfirms.Just10%ofreviewersofatestpaperrecommendedacceptancewhentheonlylistedauthorwasnotwell-known—but59%endorsedthesamepaperwhenitcarriedthenameofaNobelwinner.
Thestudy,whichinvolvedinvitinghundredsofresearcherstoreviewaneconomicspaper,isincredible",saysMarioMalicki,apostdoctoralresearcheratStanfordUniversityandeditor-in-chiefofResearchIntegrityandPeerReview,whowasnotinvolvedintheresearch."Itisthelargestrandomizedcontrolledtrialwehaveseenonpublicationbias(發(fā)表偏見)."
Foryears,scientistscomplainedabouttheMattheweffect,aterminventedin1968bysociologistsRobertMertonandHarrietZuckermantodescribehowhigh-statusresearcherstendtogetdisproportionately(不成比例地)moreofthesame.
Buteffortstodocumentsuchbiasoftenhadweaknesses,suchasasmallsamplesizeorlackofrandomization.Toavoidthoseproblems,ateamledbyJürgenHuberoftheUniversityofInnsbruckemailedsome3300researchers,askingwhethertheycouldreviewaneconomicsstudypreparedforarealjournal.Thestudyhadtwoauthors,bothatChapmanUniversity:VernonSmith,a2002NobelwinnerineconomicsandSabiouInoua,oneofSmith'sformerPh.D.students.Thepotentialpeerreviewersweresentoneofthreedescriptionsofthepaper.OnenamedonlySmith,listinghimasthecorrespondingauthor,another,onlyInoua;andathird,noauthor.
Ultimately,821researchersagreedtoreview,theteamreportedlastweekattheInternationalCongressonPeerReviewandScientificPublicationinChicago.Smith'sfameappearedtoinfluencetheresponses:Oftheresearchersgivenjusthisname,38.5%acceptedtheinvitationtoreview;thefigureswere30.7%forthosegivennonameand28.5%forthosegivenjustInoua's.12.Whichcanreplacetheunderlinedword"endorsed"inthefirstparagraph?______A.Approvedof. B.Contradicted. C.Ignored. D.Tolerated.13.WhatdoweknowaboutMarioMalicki?______A.HeoncewonaNobelprize.
B.Hethinkshighlyofthestudy.
C.HeisaneditorofStanfordUniversity.
D.Heistheleaderofthestudy.14.WhydidJürgenHuberandhisteamconductaresearch?______A.Toprovethevalueofsciencepublication.
B.Toovercometheweaknessesofpreviousstudies.
C.Toreviewaneconomicsstudyforajournal.
D.Tocomparetheachievementoftwoeconomists.15.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?______A.Complaintsaboutpublicationbias.
B.ThediscoveryofMattheweffect.
C.Famemattersinpublication.
D.Waystodocumentpublicationbias.二、閱讀七選五(本大題共5小題,共10.0分)Forsomepeople,holidaytravelincludesmorethansimplyhittingtheroadorbravingtheairporttogettotheirdestination.(1)______.Whetherit'sawaytosavemoney,orspendmoretimewithlovedones—it'simportanttokeepinmindthatyou'reaguestinsomeone'shome.Evenifyourhostinvitedyoutostayandsaidthatitwas"notroubleatall",knowthataccommodatingyoudoestaketimeandenergy(andpossiblymoney).(2)______.Hereareafewmistakestoavoidwhenyoustayinsomeone'shouse.
Showingupunannounced
Thisreallyshouldgowithoutsayingandappliestoanytypeofvisittosomeone'shome,anytimeoftheyear--don'tshowupatsomeone'sdoorunannounced,orassumeyoucanstaywiththemwithoutaskingfirst.(3)______,oneofwhichisoutofrespectforyour(potential)host,butifthat'snotmotivationenough,considerthepossibilitythattheymaynotbehome,orhavemadeotherplans,andmaynotbeabletoputyouup.
Ignoringhouserules
Didyourhostaskyoutoleaveyouroutsideshoesatthedoor?Orperhapstheyrequestedthatyousaysomethinginalowvoiceafter9p.m.?(4)______—whichyoushoulddiscusswithyourhost—youneedtofollowtheirhouserules.Iftheydidn'tmentionanywhenyoufirstarrived,initiatethatconversationyourself.
(5)______
Whenyou'reanovernightguestinafriendorrelative'shome,youcannotexpecttheserviceofahotel.Yourhostisdoingyouafavorbylettingyoustayintheirhomeforfree,sodon'texpectsomeonetomakeyourbedorcleanupafteryou,mealspreparedforyou,ortohavetherunoftheplace.
A.Theleastyoucandoisnotmakethingsharderforthem
B.Italsomeansovernightstayswithfamilyorfriends
C.Unlessyouhaveanexcuse
D.Actinglikeyou'restayinginahotel
E.Ifyouhaveanyunexpectedarrangement
F.Therearemanyreasonsnottodothis
G.Keepingtheroomtidyasaguest16.
A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.
A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.
A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.
A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G20.
A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空(本大題共15小題,共30.0分)RitchAddisonusedtobeshy.Butoncehegottohighschool,hedecidedheneededtochange.Andsohebegantodevelopasarcastic(諷刺的)senseof(1)______tokeeptheotherkidsfrombullyinghim.
"Youknowhowsometimespeoplesaythebest(2)______isagoodoffense?"Addisonsaid."Iwas(3)______upmyshynessandmyfears."
Hisnewapproachworked.Hegained(4)______andmademorefriends.Andhestartedtobecomeknownforhisjokes—likethetimehe(5)______aclassmateaboutapoorscoreonamathtest.
Thenoneday,hisgoodfriendHolly(6)______himaside."Youknow,Ritch,sometimesyoureallyhurtpeople's(7)______,"shesaid.
Addisonwas(8)______.Hehadalwaysseenhimselfassomeonewhomadehisfriendslaugh.Hecouldn't(9)______thathemightbehurtingthem."ButIkept(10)______onwhatHollysaid,"hesaid."(11)______,Irealizedthatshewasabsolutelyright.Istartedpayingattentiontohowmyhumorwas(12)______otherpeople,andIchangedit."Overtheyears,Addisonworkedonbeingmore(13)______towardthepeoplearoundhim.
Hewentontobecomeaclinicalpsychologist.Andnow,hetriestohelpotherpeoplefindmoregenerous(14)______aboutthemselvesandothers.Lookingback,some50yearslater,hesayshe(15)______muchofhischangeofattitudetoHolly.21.
A.humor B.shame C.relief D.satisfaction22.
A.outcome B.reward C.defense D.theory23.
A.giving B.covering C.raising D.picking24.
A.experience B.confidence C.reference D.victory25.
A.praised B.informed C.scolded D.teased26.
A.put B.brushed C.pulled D.cast27.
A.feelings B.health C.security D.passion28.
A.exhausted B.annoyed C.amused D.shocked29.
A.predict B.doubt C.imagine D.forget30.
A.experimenting B.acting C.counting D.reflecting31.
A.Suddenly B.Immediately C.Eventually D.Smoothly32.
A.comforting B.affecting C.protecting D.engaging33.
A.judgmental B.enthusiastic C.affectionate D.sympathetic34.
A.donations B.interpretations
C.aspects D.investments35.
A.owes B.contributes C.passes D.conveys四、語法填空(本大題共1小題,共10.0分)36.TheChengduSportsCenter,agiantstadiumattheheartoftheprovincialcapitalofsouthwestChina'sSichuan,once(1)______(house)manyinternationalgroupmatches,wherenumerousstarsincludingMariahCareyandAvrilLavigneperformedfortheirChinesefanshere.
Backto2013,arenovationrevealedrelicsdatingbacktotheHanDynastyrightunderneaththemiddleofthevenue.Itcreateda(2)______(complete)unforgettableview.Surroundedbythe(3)______(seat)nowstillingoodcondition,themiddleoftheformerfieldhasbecomeagrandexcavationsite(4)______(expose)ancientcitywalls,streetsandcanals,housesandgardens.
Afternineyearsofexcavation,theDonghuamenhistoricalsiteopenedtoa(5)______(give)groupoflocalresidentsonSunday.Thesitehasbeenthrough21dynasties,(6)______relicsdatingback2,000years,"saidShanJixiang,(7)______establishedhistorian.Spanning(橫跨)50,000squaremeters,thesiteprovesChengdu'scitysitehasremainedinthesameplaceforover3,000years,(8)______israreintheworld."Donghuamenhasthepotential(9)______(fill)ablankofcorecitiesofChinaontheUNESCOWorldCulturalHeritageList,"saidShan.
Anarchaeologicalparkisunderconstructionatthesite.Thefirststagewillbefinishedintwoweeksandwillbemadepublictwomonths(10)______theUniversiade(大學生運動會)isheldinChengduinJuly,2023.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)五、書面表達(本大題共2小題,共40.0分)37.假如你是李華,英國交換生Eric發(fā)郵件給你,希望你推薦一本中文讀物給他,請你給他回封郵件,內(nèi)容包括圖書介紹和推薦理由。
注意:
(1)詞數(shù)100左右;
(2)可以適當增加細節(jié),以使行文連貫。
DearEric,
38.閱讀下面材料,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段,使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。
MycousinAllenwasthecoolestpersoninallofMinneapolis.Bytheageof19,hewasastarfootballplayerattheUniversityofMinnesota.Iwantedtobejustlikehim.SowhenAllenaskedmetojoinhimonaspringfishingtripinnorthernMinnesota,Isaidyes!
Afterplanningthetrip,wegatheredclothesandsuppliesandthensetoffonouradventure.WereachedtheSuperiorNationalForestbyearlyevening.Onthewaytoourcampsite,Allenpointedtoasmallhousefarawayinoneofthemountains,sayingthatitwastherangerstation(護林站)wheretheforestersworked.
Allenknewallthetricksofanexperiencedcamper.Afterwegatheredenoughwoodfromtheforestfloor,hestartedthecampfireusingonlystoneandsteel,nomatches.Afteradayoftravelling,wewereveryhungry.Weatebeefandriceandsomesoupaswell.
Exhausted,wecrawledintooursleepingbagsearly.Allenwasstilltalkingabouthispastcampingadventureswhenasuddenwindpickedupfromthenorth.Thetemperaturedroppedanditbegantosnow.Allenknewofawaytoincreasethetemperatureinsidethetent.Hedraggedalogfromthewoods,wrappedaluminumfoil(鋁箔)aroundthelogandthenplaceditnearthecampfire.Theheatfromthefirereflectedintothetent.Soonthetentwaswarmagainandthoughtsoflakefishfilledmydreams.
IwasstilldreamingwhenAllenwokemeupinapanic.Ourtentwasonfire!Thesnowhadstoppedduringthenight,butthewindhadfannedtheflamesofthefiretowardsourtent.Frightenedbytheflames,Iranoutofthetentimmediately.ThetentcollapsedwithAlleninside.Withoutanyhesitation,Ireachedintotheburningtent,grabbedhim,anddraggedhimtotheicylake.Wecheckedeachothertomakesureneitherofuswashurt.
續(xù)寫要求:
(1)續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右;
(2)請按如下格式在相應(yīng)位置作答。
Later,aswestoodbytheburningtenttokeepwarm,weconsideredoursituation.
Suddenly,weheardanoiseintheforest.
答案和解析1~3.【答案】A、C、B【解析】(1)細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)The
Adventure
of
Pottery,Kettles
Yard,Cambridge部分The
potter,Lucie
Rie,was
a
key
figure
in
British
post-war
art.Her
technical
innovations
permanently
extended
the
language
of
studio
pottery.Her
achievements
range
from
functional
tableware
to
elegant
bowls
and
vases.(陶工LucieRie是英國戰(zhàn)后藝術(shù)的關(guān)鍵人物。她的技術(shù)創(chuàng)新永久地擴展了工作室陶器的語言。她的成就從實用餐具到優(yōu)雅的碗和花瓶。)如果你對餐具感興趣,你會去The
Adventure
of
Pottery。故選A。
(2)細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Birds
of
America,Compton
Verney部分Compton
Verney's
grounds
are
a
wildlife
reserve,making
the
perfect
setting
for
the
show.(康普頓?維尼的場地是野生動物保護區(qū),為展覽提供了完美的環(huán)境。)可知康普頓?維尼的特別之處是對野生動物來說,這是一個安全的生活場所。故選C。
(3)數(shù)字計算題。根據(jù)這幾個展覽的時間,只有1
September
2023–8
March
2024(2023年9月1日至2024年3月8日)和25
November
2023-10
March
2024(2023年11月25日至2024年3月10日)在這個時間內(nèi),所以2023年12月,人們可以參觀兩個展覽。故選B。
本文是一篇應(yīng)用文,主要介紹了杰哥湛藍的相關(guān)信息。
閱讀理解題測試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力,要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系,對未說明的趨勢或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷;或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點理論,對文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋。考生首先要仔細閱讀短文,完整了解信息,準確把握作者觀點。
4~7.【答案】B、A、C、D【解析】(1)推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段Brittany
Starks
is
a
single
mother
of
two
working
multiple
jobs
in
Tennessee.Her
life
has
not
been
easy.In
the
past
few
years
she
has
been
homeless,suffered
from
severe
depression,had
to
care
for
a
sick
child,and
was
almost
killed
in
a
car
accident.(Brittany
Starks是個單身母親,在田納西州做兩份兼職。她的生活并不容易。在過去的幾年里,她無家可歸,患有嚴重的抑郁癥,不得不照顧生病的孩子,幾乎在一場車禍中喪生。)可推知,作者是通過呈現(xiàn)事實的方式,來解釋Starks的生活怎么樣。A.listing
numbers列出數(shù)字;B.presenting
facts陳述事實;C.making
an
example樹立榜樣;D.making
a
comparison進行比較。故選B項。
(2)細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中It
was
the
accident,she
says,that
aroused
in
her
a
desire
to
spread
kindness
in
all
the
ways
she
could.(她說,正是那次意外,激發(fā)了她想要以各種方式傳播善意的愿望。)可知,推動Starks去傳播善意的力量是那次車禍。故選A項。
(3)推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中Her
inbox
was
quickly
flooded
with
requests
for
appointments
and
Starks
found
herself
working
every
night
for
two
weeks
straight
into
the
early
hours
of
the
morning.(她的收件箱很快就被預約請求淹沒了,Starks發(fā)現(xiàn)自己連續(xù)兩周每天晚上都要工作到凌晨。)可知,Starks的免費編辮子服務(wù)被很多人預約,她的工作量很大,也就是說大家熱切地尋求她的幫助。故選C項。
(4)推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中Starks
says
once
the
back
to
school
rush
is
over,she
plans
to
keep
up
the
effort
once
a
month
for
children
all
over
Nashville.(Starks說,一旦返校熱潮結(jié)束,她計劃每個月為納什維爾的孩子們繼續(xù)努力一次。)可知,之后Starks仍會為孩子們提供免費的編辮子服務(wù)。由此可知,她會繼續(xù)在納什維爾傳播善意。故選D項。
本文是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了Brittany
Starks的生活很辛苦,但是一次死里逃生的車禍喚醒了她傳播善意的愿望,于是她為社區(qū)提供免費的編辮子服務(wù),得到很多的預約,幫助了很多人。
一、速讀全文,了解大意知主題。
閱讀能力一般指閱讀速度和理解能力兩個方面。閱讀速度是閱讀最基本的能力,考生必須在十分有限的時間內(nèi)運用略讀、掃讀、跳讀等技巧快速閱讀,搜尋關(guān)鍵詞、主題句,捕捉時空、順序、情節(jié)、人物、觀點,并且理清文章脈絡(luò),把握語篇實質(zhì)。
二、看題干,帶著問題讀文章。
首先要掌握問題的類型,客觀信息題可以從文章中直接找到答案;而主觀判斷題考查的是對文章的感情基調(diào)等,這類題必須經(jīng)過對作者的態(tài)度、意圖以及對整篇文章進行深一層的推理等。其次,了解試題題干以及各個選項所包含的信息,然后有針對性地對文章進行掃讀,對有關(guān)信息進行快速定位。此法加強了閱讀的針對性,提高了做題的準確率。
三、邏輯推理,做好深層理解題。
在實際閱讀中,有時作者并未把意圖說出來,閱讀者要根據(jù)字面意思,通過語篇邏輯關(guān)系,研究細節(jié)的暗示,推敲作者的態(tài)度,理解文章的寓義。要求讀者對文字的表面信息進行分析、挖掘和邏輯推理,不能就事論事,以偏概全。推理題在提問中常用的詞有:infer,imply,suggest,indicate等。
四、猜詞悟義,掃除閱讀攔路虎。
猜詞是應(yīng)用英語的重要能力。它不但需要準確無誤地理解上下文,而且要有較大的泛讀量,掌握或認識較多的課外詞匯。我們要學會"順藤摸瓜",通過構(gòu)詞,語法,定義,同位,對比,因果,常識,上下文等線索確定詞義。
我們在做完形填空時,首先需要快速的瀏覽全文,把握文章的主旨大意;其次要學會帶著問題到文中相應(yīng)的地方,通過細節(jié)閱讀來尋找或概括答案;最后理清作者的寫作思路也非常重要;做此類題時,要多注意一些形容詞或動詞的搭配,在平時多積累一些固定搭配。
8~11.【答案】C、A、D、B【解析】(1)推理判斷題。文章第一段講到Researchers
had
no
idea
if
anything
would
sprout
(發(fā)芽)
in
the
harsh
moon
dirt
and
wanted
to
see
if
it
could
be
used
to
grow
food
by
the
next
generation
of
lunar
explorers.(研究人員不知道在嚴酷的月球泥土中是否會發(fā)芽,他們想看看下一代月球探險家是否可以用它來種植食物。)可知科學家們試圖在月球土壤中種植植物是為未來的宇航員準備食物,故選C。
(2)細節(jié)理解題。文章第三段講到But
within
a
week,the
coarseness
(粗糙度)
and
other
properties
of
the
lunar
soil
stressed
the
small,flowering
weeds
so
much
that
they
grew
more
slowly
than
seedlings
planted
in
dirt
from
Earth.Most
of
the
moon
plants
ended
up
stunted
(發(fā)育不良).
(但在一周內(nèi),月球土壤的粗糙度和其他特性給開花的小雜草帶來了很大的壓力,以至于它們的生長速度比種植在地球泥土中的幼苗慢。大多數(shù)月球植物最終發(fā)育不良。)可知讓發(fā)芽的種子最終發(fā)育不良的是土壤質(zhì)量很低,故選A。
(3)細節(jié)理解題。文章第四段講到One
solution
might
be
to
use
younger
geologic
spots
on
the
moon,like
lava
flows,for
digging
up
planting
soil.
(一種解決方案可能是利用月球上較年輕的地質(zhì)點,如熔巖流,挖掘種植土壤。)可知樣來自熔巖流的的月球土壤可能適合植物生長,故選D。
(4)推理判斷題。文章最后一段講到The
fact
that
anything
grew
means
that
we
have
a
really
good
starting
point,and
now
the
question
is
how
do
we
optimize
and
improve
(任何增長的事實都意味著我們有一個非常好的起點,現(xiàn)在的問題是我們?nèi)绾蝺?yōu)化和改進)可知科學家下一步最有可能繼續(xù)在月球土壤中種植植物。A.Use
available
earth
dirt
for
planting.使用可用的泥土進行種植;B.Continue
to
grow
plants
in
lunar
soil.繼續(xù)在月球土壤中種植植物;C.Put
more
astronauts
back
on
the
moon.讓更多的宇航員重返月球;D.Set
up
a
hydroponic
or
all-water
system.建立一個水培或全水系統(tǒng)。故選B。
這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了日前美國佛羅里達大學的研究人員首次在阿波羅號宇航員帶回的月球土壤里種出了植物,這個突破性進展意味著人類朝著在月球上種植糧食又邁近了一步。
一、速讀全文,了解大意知主題。
閱讀能力一般指閱讀速度和理解能力兩個方面。閱讀速度是閱讀最基本的能力,考生必須在十分有限的時間內(nèi)運用略讀、掃讀、跳讀等技巧快速閱讀,搜尋關(guān)鍵詞、主題句,捕捉時空、順序、情節(jié)、人物、觀點,并且理清文章脈絡(luò),把握語篇實質(zhì)。
二、看題干,帶著問題讀文章。
首先要掌握問題的類型,客觀信息題可以從文章中直接找到答案;而主觀判斷題考查的是對文章的感情基調(diào)等,這類題必須經(jīng)過對作者的態(tài)度、意圖以及對整篇文章進行深一層的推理等。其次,了解試題題干以及各個選項所包含的信息,然后有針對性地對文章進行掃讀,對有關(guān)信息進行快速定位。此法加強了閱讀的針對性,提高了做題的準確率。
三、邏輯推理,做好深層理解題。
在實際閱讀中,有時作者并未把意圖說出來,閱讀者要根據(jù)字面意思,通過語篇邏輯關(guān)系,研究細節(jié)的暗示,推敲作者的態(tài)度,理解文章的寓義。要求讀者對文字的表面信息進行分析、挖掘和邏輯推理,不能就事論事,以偏概全。推理題在提問中常用的詞有:infer,imply,suggest,indicate等。
四、猜詞悟義,掃除閱讀攔路虎。
猜詞是應(yīng)用英語的重要能力。它不但需要準確無誤地理解上下文,而且要有較大的泛讀量,掌握或認識較多的課外詞匯。我們要學會"順藤摸瓜",通過構(gòu)詞,語法,定義,同位,對比,因果,常識,上下文等線索確定詞義。
我們在做完形填空時,首先需要快速的瀏覽全文,把握文章的主旨大意;其次要學會帶著問題到文中相應(yīng)的地方,通過細節(jié)閱讀來尋找或概括答案;最后理清作者的寫作思路也非常重要;做此類題時,要多注意一些形容詞或動詞的搭配,在平時多積累一些固定搭配。
12~15.【答案】A、B、B、C【解析】(1)詞義猜測題。文章第一段第一句Yes,having
a
big
name
in
science
will
help
get
your
paper
published,a
new
study
confirms.
(是的,一項新的研究證實,在科學界有一個大人物將有助于你的論文發(fā)表。)表明,在科學領(lǐng)域名氣越大,論文發(fā)表成功幾率越大。劃線詞前面部分書"只有10%的審稿人建議接受一篇只有不知名作者的測試論文",結(jié)合第一句可知,然而有59%的審稿人支持帶有諾貝爾獎得主名字的同一篇論文。由此可知,endorsed表示"贊同,支持"之意。A.Approved
of.贊同,支持;B.Contradicted.反駁;C.Ignored.忽略;D.Tolerated.忍受。故選A。
(2)推理判斷題。文章第二段Mario
Malicki說的話The
study,which
involved
inviting
hundreds
of
researchers
to
review
an
economics
paper,is
incredible
(這項研究邀請了數(shù)百名研究人員審查一篇經(jīng)濟學論文,令人難以置信)以及It
is
the
largest
randomized
controlled
trial
we
have
seen
on
publication
bias(這是我們所見過的關(guān)于發(fā)表偏見的最大的隨機對照試驗)可知,Mario
Malicki對這項研究評價很高。故選B。
(3)推理判斷題。文章第四段講到Buteffortstodocumentsuchbiasoftenhadweaknesses,suchasasmallsamplesizeorlackofrandomization.(但記錄這種偏見的努力往往有弱點,比如樣本量小或缺乏隨機性)可知JürgenHuber和他的團隊進行研究是為了克服以往研究的不足:"樣品少缺乏隨機性"等問題。故選B。
(4)標題歸納題。文章第一段第一句Yes,havingabignameinsciencewillhelpgetyourpaperpublished,anewstudyconfirms.(是的,一項新的研究證實,在科學界有一個大人物將有助于你的論文發(fā)表)可知,本文主要講述了在知名人士得幫助下更容易發(fā)表作品??伤员疚牡暮线m標題的是C.Famemattersinpublication.名聲在出版物中很重要。A.Complaints
about
publication
bias.對出版偏見的抱怨;B.The
discovery
of
Matthew
effect.馬太效應(yīng)的發(fā)現(xiàn);C.Fame
matters
in
publication.名聲在出版物中很重要;D.Ways
to
document
publication
bias.記錄出版偏差的方法。故選C。
這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了作者的聲望會影響作品是否能出版,作者的聲望會影響作品是否能出版。
一、速讀全文,了解大意知主題。
閱讀能力一般指閱讀速度和理解能力兩個方面。閱讀速度是閱讀最基本的能力,考生必須在十分有限的時間內(nèi)運用略讀、掃讀、跳讀等技巧快速閱讀,搜尋關(guān)鍵詞、主題句,捕捉時空、順序、情節(jié)、人物、觀點,并且理清文章脈絡(luò),把握語篇實質(zhì)。
二、看題干,帶著問題讀文章。
首先要掌握問題的類型,客觀信息題可以從文章中直接找到答案;而主觀判斷題考查的是對文章的感情基調(diào)等,這類題必須經(jīng)過對作者的態(tài)度、意圖以及對整篇文章進行深一層的推理等。其次,了解試題題干以及各個選項所包含的信息,然后有針對性地對文章進行掃讀,對有關(guān)信息進行快速定位。此法加強了閱讀的針對性,提高了做題的準確率。
三、邏輯推理,做好深層理解題。
在實際閱讀中,有時作者并未把意圖說出來,閱讀者要根據(jù)字面意思,通過語篇邏輯關(guān)系,研究細節(jié)的暗示,推敲作者的態(tài)度,理解文章的寓義。要求讀者對文字的表面信息進行分析、挖掘和邏輯推理,不能就事論事,以偏概全。推理題在提問中常用的詞有:infer,imply,suggest,indicate等。
四、猜詞悟義,掃除閱讀攔路虎。
猜詞是應(yīng)用英語的重要能力。它不但需要準確無誤地理解上下文,而且要有較大的泛讀量,掌握或認識較多的課外詞匯。我們要學會"順藤摸瓜",通過構(gòu)詞,語法,定義,同位,對比,因果,常識,上下文等線索確定詞義。
我們在做完形填空時,首先需要快速的瀏覽全文,把握文章的主旨大意;其次要學會帶著問題到文中相應(yīng)的地方,通過細節(jié)閱讀來尋找或概括答案;最后理清作者的寫作思路也非常重要;做此類題時,要多注意一些形容詞或動詞的搭配,在平時多積累一些固定搭配。
16~20.【答案】B、A、F、C、D【解析】(1)聯(lián)系下文題。下文Whetherit'sawaytosavemoney,orspendmoretimewithlovedones—it'simportanttokeepinmindthatyou'reaguestinsomeone'shome.(無論是為了省錢,還是花更多的時間與親人在一起,重要的是要記住你是別人家的客人。)說明的是會和家人或者朋友在一起度過很長時間,與空格處是因果關(guān)系,因此B.It
also
means
overnight
stays
with
family
or
friends(這也意味著與家人或朋友過夜)符合語境,故選B。
(2)聯(lián)系上文題。上文Hereareafewmistakestoavoidwhenyoustayinsomeone'shouse.(當你待在別人家里時,這里有幾個錯誤需要避免。)說明待在別人家里會造成麻煩,因此A.The
least
you
can
do
is
not
make
things
harder
for
them(你至少能做的就是不要讓事情變得更難)符合語境,故選A。
(3)本段主旨句Showingupunannounced(突然出現(xiàn))以及下文oneofwhichisoutofrespectforyour(potential)host,butifthat'snotmotivationenough,considerthepossibilitythattheymaynotbehome,orhavemadeotherplans,andmaynotbeabletoputyouup.(其中之一是出于對你(潛在)主人的尊重,但如果這還不夠激勵,考慮一下他們可能不在家,或者已經(jīng)制定了其他計劃,可能無法接待你。)說明的是不要突然出現(xiàn)在朋友家的原因,與空格處是因果關(guān)系,因此F.There
are
many
reasons
not
to
do
this(有很多理由不這樣做)符合語境,故選F。
(4)聯(lián)系下文題。下文whichyoushoulddiscusswithyourhost—youneedtofollowtheirhouserules.(你應(yīng)該和主人討論你需要遵守他們的家庭規(guī)則。)說明的是要遵守朋友家的家庭規(guī)則,空格處是條件關(guān)系,因此C.Unless
you
have
an
excuse(除非你有借口)符合語境,故選C。
(5)段落主題題。下文Whenyou'reanovernightguestinafriendorrelative'shome,youcannotexpecttheserviceofahotel.(當你在朋友或親戚家過夜時,你不能指望酒店的服務(wù))"說明在朋友家過夜不可以像是住酒店一樣,因此D.Acting
like
you're
staying
in
a
hotel(表現(xiàn)得像住在酒店)符合段意,故選D。
本是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了外出旅行在朋友家過夜時應(yīng)該避免的幾個錯誤做法。
關(guān)于選句填空的做題步驟:
步驟一:快速瀏覽一遍備選答案,先確定哪個選項適合放在文章的什么位置。通常在以下位置:標題,句首,句中,句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。
步驟二:快速瀏覽文章,確定文章體裁,抓住文章結(jié)構(gòu)。
步驟三:分析篇章結(jié)構(gòu),找出各段的主題句或主旨大意。
步驟四:注意各選項中出現(xiàn)的句子銜接手段,尋找句中銜接標志詞。
步驟五:區(qū)分相似項。
21~35.【答案】A、C、B、B、D、C、A、D、C、D、C、B、D、B、A【解析】(1)考查名詞及語境理解。A.humor
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