文稿resources題目解析

PetroleumPetroleum,consistingofcrudeoilandnaturalgas,seemstooriginatefromorganicmatterinmarinesediment.Microscopicorganismssettletotheseafloorandaccumulateinmarinemud.Theorganicmattermaypartially pose,usingupthedissolvedoxygeninthesediment.Assoonastheoxygenisgone,decaystopsandtheremainingorganicmatterisp.sedimentation—theprocessofdeposits’settlingontheseabottom—buriestheorganicmatterandsubjectsittohighertemperaturesandpressures,whichconverttheorganicmattertooilandgas.Asmuddysedimentsarepressedtogether,thegasandsmalldropletsofoilmaybesqueezedoutofthemudandmaymoveintosandylayersnearby.Overlongperiodsoftime(millionsofyears),accumulationsofgasandoilcancollectinthesandylayers.Bothoilandgasarelessdensethanwater,sotheygenerallytendtoriseupwardthroughwater-saturatedrockandsediment.Oilpoolsarevaluableundergroundaccumulationsofoil,andoilfieldsareregionsunderlainbyoneormoreoilpools.Whenanoilpoolorfieldhasbeendiscovered,wellsaredrilledintotheground.Permanenttowers,calledderricks,usedtobebuilttohandlethelongsectionsofdrillingpipe.Nowportabledrillingmachinesaresetupandarethendismantledandremoved.Whenthewellreachesapool,oilusuallyrisesupthewellbecauseofitsdensitydifferencewithwaterbeneathitorbecauseofthepressureofexpandinggastrappedaboveit.Althoughthisriseofoilisalmostalwayscarefullycontrolledtoday,spoutsofoil,orgushers,werecommoninthepast.Gaspressuregraduallydiesout,andoilispumpedfromthewell.Wateror maybepumpeddownadjacentwellstohelppushtheoilout.Atarefinery,thecrudeoilfromundergroundisseparatedintonaturalgas,gasoline,kerosene,andvariousoils.Petrochemicalssuchasdyes,fertilizer,andsticarealsomanufacturedfromthepetroleum.Asoil esincreasinglydifficulttofind,thesearchforitisextendedintomore-hostileenvironments.ThedevelopmentoftheoilfieldontheNorthSlopeofAlaskaandtheconstructionoftheAlaskapipelineareexamplesofthegreatexpenseanddifficultyinvolvedinnewoildiscoveries.Offshoredrillingtformsextendthesearchforoiltotheocean’scontinentalshelves—thosegentlyslosubmarineregionsattheedgesofthecontinents.Morethanone-quarteroftheworld’soilandalmostone-fifthoftheworld’snaturalgascomefromoffshore,eventhoughoffshoredrillingissixtoseventimesmoreexpensivethandrillingonland.AsignificantpartofthisoilandgascomesfromundertheNorthSeabetweenGreatBritainandNorway.Ofcourse,thereisfarmoreoilundergroundthancanberecovered.Itmaybeinapooltoosmallortoofarfromapotentialmarkettojustifytheexpenseofdrilling.Someoilliesunderregionswheredrillingisforbidden,suchasnationalparksorotherpubliclands.Evengiventhebestextractiontechniques,onlyabout30to40percentoftheoilinapoolcanbebroughttothesurface.TherestisfartoodifficulttoextractandhastoremainMoreover,gettingpetroleumoutofthegroundandfromundertheseaandtotheconsumercancreateenvironmentalproblemsanywherealongtheline.Pipelinescarryingoilcanbebrokenbyfaultsorlandslides,causingseriousoilspills.Spillagefromhugeoil-carryingcargoships,called,involvedincollisionsoraccidentalgroundings(suchastheoneoffAlaskain1989)cancreateoilslicksatsea.Offshoretformsmayalsoloseoil,creatingoilslicksthatdriftashoreandfoulthebeaches,harmingtheenvironment.Sometimes,thegroundatanoilfieldmaysubsideasoilisremoved.TheWilmingtonfieldnearLongBeach,California,hassubsidedninemetersin50years;protectivebarriershavehadtobebuilttopreventseawaterfromfloodingthearea.Finally,therefiningandburningofpetroleumanditsproductscancauseairpollution.Advancingtechnologyandstrictlaws,however,arehelcontrolsomeoftheseadverseenvironmentaleffects.Paragraph1:Petroleum,consistingofcrudeoilandnaturalgas,seemstooriginatefromorganicmatterinmarinesediment.Microscopicorganismssettletotheseafloorandaccumulateinmarinemud.Theorganicmattermaypartially pose,usingupthedissolvedoxygeninthesediment.Assoonastheoxygenisgone,decaystopsandtheremainingorganicmatterisp.Theword“accumulate”inthepassageisclosestinmeaninggrowbuildspreadbreakMicroscopicorganismsthatliveinmudproducecrudeoilandnaturalLargeamountsofoxygenareneededforpetroleumformationtoPetroleumisproducedwhenorganicmaterialinsedimentscombineswithdecayingmarineorganisms.Petroleumformationappearstobegininmarinesedimentswhereorganicmatterispresent.D。 sedimentation—theprocessofdeposits’settlingontheseaParagraph1:Petroleum,consistingofcrudeoilandnaturalgas,seemstooriginatefromorganicmatterin sedimentation—theprocessofdeposits’settlingontheseaParagraphbottom—buriestheorganicmatterandsubjectsittohighertemperaturesandpressures,whichconverttheorganicmattertooilandgas.Asmuddysedimentsarepressedtogether,thegasandsmalldropletsofoilmaybesqueezedoutofthemudandmaymoveintosandylayersnearby.Overlongperiodsoftime(millionsofyears),accumulationsofgasandoilcancollectinthesandylayers.Bothoilandgasarelessdensethanwater,sotheygenerallytendtoriseupwardthroughwater-saturatedrockandsediment.Inparagraphs1and2,theauthor’sprimarypurposeisdescribehowpetroleumisexinwhypetroleumformationisaslowprovideevidencethatamarineenvironmentisnecessaryforpetroleumshowthatoilcommonlyoccursinassociationwith段都是在描述石油形成的過程?？催x項，直接選A。Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinthepassage?Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.Highertemperaturesandpressurespromotesedimentation,whichisresponsibleforpetroleumformation.Depositsofsedimentsontopoforganicmatterincreasethetemperatureofandpressureonthematter.Increasedpressureandheatfromtheweightofthesedimentturntheorganicremainsintopetroleum.Theremainsofmicroscopicorganismstransformintopetroleumoncetheyareburiedundermud.（petrolum題目分析：一共說了四個信息：1.sedimentation2.持續(xù)的sedimentation使有機物承受高溫高壓3.高溫高壓使有機物變成油和氣4.什么叫沉積物使有機物承受的溫度、壓力增高。無，但僅涵蓋信息2。C說沉積物的重概念進行同義替換。D選項organisms原文沒有BC兩個選項無相比而言，CB選項沒提到石油。Paragraph3:Oilpoolsarevaluableundergroundaccumulationsofoil,andoilfieldsareregionsunderlainbyoneormoreoilpools.Whenanoilpoolorfieldhasbeendiscovered,wellsaredrilledintotheground.Permanenttowers,calledderricks,usedtobebuilttohandlethelongsectionsofdrillingpipe.Nowportabledrillingmachinesaresetupandarethendismantledandremoved.Whenthewellreachesapool,oilusuallyrisesupthewellbecauseofitsdensitydifferencewithwaterbeneathitorbecauseofthepressureofexpandinggastrappedaboveit.Althoughthisriseofoilisalmostalwayscarefullycontrolledtoday,spoutsofoil,orgushers,werecommoninthepast.Gaspressuregraduallydiesout,andoilispumpedfromthewell.Wateror maybepumpeddownadjacentwellstohelppushtheoilout.Atarefinery,thecrudeoilfromundergroundisseparatedintonaturalgas,gasoline,kerosene,andvariousoils.Petrochemicalssuchasdyes,fertilizer,andsticarealsomanufacturedfromthepetroleum.Theword“adjacent”inthepassageisclosestinmeaning題目分析：五個詞詞義分別為:的/附近的/現存的/特殊的/深Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromparagraph3aboutTheymakebringingtheoiltothesurfaceTheysignalthepresenceofhugeoilTheywastemoreoilthantheyTheyareunlikelytooccur Paragraph4:Asoil esincreasinglydifficulttofind,thesearchforitisextendedintomore-hostileenvironments.ThedevelopmentoftheoilfieldontheNorthSlopeofAlaskaandtheconstructionoftheAlaskapipelineareexamplesofthegreatexpenseanddifficultyinvolvedinnewoildiscoveries.Offshoredrillingtformsextendthesearch oiltotheocean’scontinentalshelves—those submarineregionsattheofthecontinents.Morethanone-quarteroftheworld’soilandalmostone-fifthoftheworld’snaturalgascomefromoffshore,eventhoughoffshoredrillingissixtoseventimesmoreexpensivethandrillingonland.AsignificantpartofthisoilandgascomesfromundertheNorthSeabetweenGreatBritainandNorway.WhichofthefollowingstrategiesforoilexplorationisdescribedinparagraphDrillingundertheocean’sLimitingdrillingtoaccessibleUsinghighlysophisticateddrillingConstructingtechnologicallyadvanceddrillingsubmarine、undertheNorthSeaAWhatdoesthedevelopmentoftheAlaskanoilfieldmentionedinparagraph4MoreoilisextractedfromtheseathanfromDrillingforoilrequiresmajorfinancialTheglobaldemandforoilhasincreasedovertheTheNorthSlopeofAlaskahassubstantialamountsof題目分析：問阿拉斯加油田的建立說明了什么。原文只有第二句和阿拉斯加有關。innewoildiscoveries，就是說明花錢多且難。B說需要大投資，正確。Theword ”inthepassageisclosestinmeaning題目分析：ing，可以都去掉再比較。五個詞詞義分別為:傾斜/改變/傾斜；傾向/形成/slope作名詞是斜坡的意思，應該能猜到動詞是傾Paragraph5:Ofcourse,thereisfarmoreoilundergroundthancanberecovered.Itmaybeinapooltoosmallortoofarfromapotentialmarkettojustifytheexpenseofdrilling.Someoilliesunderregionswheredrillingisforbidden,suchasnationalparksorotherpubliclands.Evengiventhebestextractiontechniques,onlyabout30to40percentoftheoilinagivenpoolcanbebroughttothesurface.Therestisfartoodifficulttoextractandhastoremainunderground.Accordingtoparagraph5,thedecisiontodrillforoildependsonallofthefollowingfactorsEXCEPTpermissiontoaccesstheareawhereoilhasbeentheavailabilityofsufficienttiesofoilinathelocationofthemarketinrelationtothedrillingthepoliticalsituationintheregionwheredrillingwould應toosmall。C對應toofar。D勢沒提過，選DParagraph6:Moreover,gettingpetroleumoutofthegroundandfromundertheseaandtotheconsumercancreateenvironmentalproblemsanywherealongtheline.Pipelinescarryingoilcanbebrokenbyfaultsorlandslides,causingseriousoilspills.Spillagefromhugeoil-carryingcargoships,called,involvedincollisionsoraccidentalgroundings(suchastheoneoffAlaskain1989)cancreateoilslicksatsea.Offshoretformsmayalsoloseoil,creatingoilslicksthatdriftashoreandfoulthebeaches,harmingtheenvironment.Sometimes,thegroundatanoilfieldmaysubsideasoilisremoved.TheWilmingtonfieldnearLongBeach,California,hassubsidedninemetersin50years;protectivebarriershavehadtobebuilttopreventseawaterfromfloodingtheAdvancingtechnologyandstrictlaws,however,arehelcontrolsomeoftheseadverseenvironmentaleffects.Theword“foul”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningInparagraph6,theauthor’sprimarypurposeisprovideexamplesofhowoilexplorationcanendangerthedescribeaccidentsthathaveoccurredwhenoilactivitieswereingiveanysisoftheeffectsofoilspillsontheexinhowtechnologyandlegislationhelpreduceoil題目分析：問段落目的。讀原文，整段都在說污染，第一句就是整段句。選A。Baccidents不能概括整段內容。比如燃燒過程中造成的空氣污染，不能稱為Paragraph2: sedimentation—theprocessofdeposits’settlingontheseabottom—buriestheorganicmatterandsubjectsittohighertemperaturesandpressures,whichconverttheorganicmattertooilandgas.█Asmuddysedimentsarepressedtogether,thegasandsmalldropletsofoilmaybesqueezedoutofthemudandmaymoveintosandylayersnearby.█Overlongperiodsoftime(millionsofyears),accumulationsofgasandoilcancollectinthesandylayers.█Bothoilandgasarelessdensethanwater,sotheygenerallytendtoriseupwardthroughwater-saturatedrockandsediment.█Lookatthefoursquares[█]thatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.Unlesssomethingactstohaltthismigration,thesenaturalresourceswilleventuallyreachthesurface.Wherewouldthesentencebestthesenaturalresources這個短語。前句riseupwardeventuallyreachthesurface關系D。Directions:Anintroductorysentenceforabriefsummaryofthepassageisprovidedbelow.CompletethesummarybyselectingtheTHREEanswerchoicesthatexpressthemostimportantideasinthepassage.Somesentencesdonotbelonginthesummarybecausetheyexpressideasthatarenotpresentedinthepassageorareminorideasinthepassage.Thisquestionisworth2points.“Petroleum”isabroadtermthatincludesbothcrudeoilandnatural●●●AnswerPetroleumformationistheresultofbiologicalaswellaschemicalThedifficultyoffindingadequatesourcesofoilonlandhasresultedinagreaternumberofoffshoredrillingsites.PetroleumextractioncanhaveanegativeimpactonthePetroleumtendstorisetothesurface,sinceitislowerindensitythanCurrentmethodsofpetroleumextractionenableoilproducerstorecoveraboutoftheworld’spetroleumAccidentsinvolvingoiloccurwhenrunintoshorereefsorcollidewithothervessels.C無。最后一段大意F無。覆蓋范圍：一句話（最后一段第二句）。ABC。難詞Evengiventhe