新題型四級匹配練習題題

大學英語四級改革閱讀了解新題型——匹配題（適合12月）練習1PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionB(原快速閱讀了解調(diào)整為長篇閱讀了解，篇章長度和難度不變。篇章后附有10個句子，每句一題。每句所含信息出自篇章某一段落，要求考生找出與每句所含信息相匹配段落。)Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.Caringforelderlyparentscatchesmanyunprepared[A]LastJuly,JulieBaldocchi，smotherhadamassivestrokeandwasparalyzed.Baldocchisuddenlyhadtobecomeafamilycaregiver,somethingthatshewasn"tpreparedfor.“Iwasflyingbytheseatofmypants,”saysBaldocchi,anemploymentspecialistinSanFrancisco.Bothofherparentsare83,andsheknewherfathercouldn’thandlehermother’scare.Thehospitalrecommendedputtinghermotherinanursinghome.Baldocchiwasn’twillingtodothat.Butmovingherbackintoherparents’homecreatedotherproblems.Baldocchi,48,ismarriedandlivesaboutamileawayfromherparents.Shehasafull-timejobandhasbackproblemsthatmakeitdifficultforhertolifthermother.“Icouldn’tdoitall,”shesays.“ButIdidn’tevenknowhowtofindhelp.”[B]WithhelpfromtheFamilyCaregiverAlliance,sheeventuallyhiredalive-incaregiver.“Butevenifyouplanintellectuallyandlegally,you’reneverreadyfortheemotionalimpact,”Baldocchisays.Inthefirsttwomonthsafterhermother’sstroke,shelostabout30poundsasstressmounted.Morethan42millionAmericansprovidefamilycaregivingforanadultwhoneedshelpwithdailyactivities,accordingtoasurveybytheAARP.Anadditional61.6millionprovidedatleastsomecareduringtheyear.Andmanyareunprepared.[C]Whilemanyparentslackanadvancecaredirective,it’sthemostbasicandimportantsteptheycantake.Thedirectiveincludesseveralparts,including:adurablepowerofattorney,whichgivessomeonelegalauthoritytomakefinancialdecisionsonanother’sbehalf;ahealthcareproxy,whichissimilartothepowerofattorney,exceptitallowssomeonetomakedecisionsregardingmedicaltreatment;andalivingwillthatoutlinesinstructionsforend-of-lifecare.(Forexample,parentscansayiftheywanttobekeptalivebyartificialmeasures.)“It’sinvaluableforthekids,becauseit’shardtomakethosedecisionsforaparent,”saysJenniferCona,anelder-lawattorneyatGenserDubowGenser&ConainMelville,N.Y.Anadvancecaredirectiveisthefirstlineofdefenseifasituationarises,saysKathleenKelly,executivedirectoroftheFamilyCaregiverAlliance,whichsupportsandeducatescaregivers.Withoutanadvancedirective,thefamilywillhavetopetitionthecourttobeappointedtheparent’slegalguardian,saysAgingC.[D]It’simportantforfamiliestotalkaboutlong-termcaresotheadultchildrenknowtheirparents，preferences,wishesandgoals,saysLynnFeinberg,acaregivingexpertatAARP.Butit’snotaneasyconversation.Elderlyparentsaresometimessuspiciousoftheirchildren’sfinancialmotives,saysSusanJohn,afinancialplanneratFinancialFocusinWolfeboro,N.H.OneclientaskedJohntoholdafamilymeetingbecausetheyneededanintermediarytotalkaboutfinancialissues,shesays.Andwhentherearemanysiblings,thefamilydecisionscanbecomeathree-ringcircuswithmuchacrimony,saysAnn-MargaretCarrozza,anelder-lawattorneyinGlenCove,N.Y.Familieswhoneedinformationandhelpsortingoutdisagreementscancallonelder-lawattorneys,financialplanners,geriatriccaremanagersandcaregiversupportgroups.InFebruary,AARPsaiditwillofferitsmembersanewcaregivingsupportservicethroughfinancialservicesfirmGenworth.[E]Manyfamiliesareunpreparedforquickdecisions,especiallywhentheyfindoutthatMedicaredoesn’tpayforlong-termcare,Feinbergsays.Themediancostofayearinaprivateroomatanursinghomeinwas$77,745,accordingtoGenworth.AndonlythosewhohavespentmostoftheirassetscanqualifyforMedicaidtopayforthenursinghome.[F]Assistedlivingisanotheroption.Residentscanhavetheirownapartmenttomaintainsomeindependence.Butthefacilitiesgenerallyprovidepersonalcareservices,suchasmeals,housekeepingandassistancewithactivities.Still,it’snotcheap:Thenationalmediancostinwas$39,135,accordingtoGenworth.Assistedlivingisn’tcoveredbyMedicaid.[G]Iftheyhaveachoice,atleast90%ofelderlyparentsprefertostayathomeaslongastheycan,accordingtoAARPresearch.Butiftheparentscannolongersafelyliveathome,itcanbehardforchildrentomovethemintoanadultcarefacility.Theremaybeanotheroption.Sometimesthehomecanbemodifiedsoaparentcanstaythere.Forexample,Baldocchiputinachairliftforhermother.Shealsoarrangedforahomecaregiver.[H]Familycaregiverstakeovermanyresponsibilities.Onemightmanageaparent’sfinances,whileanothersiblingwilltaketheparenttodoctors"appointmentsandshopping.Thosewhomoveinwithaparenttakeonasignificantandsustainedburdenofcare.JanWalkermovedintohermother’shomeinLeesburg,Fla.Afterhermother,whois83,hadfallen,shewasn’tabletogetaroundaswell.Walker,55,hasthreebrothers.Butsheistheonlydaughter,isdivorcedandhasnochildren.“IalwaysknewthatthiswastherolethatIwouldhave,andIguessmymindwaspreparedforit,”saysWalker,whonowisafull-timecaregiverandworksfromhomeasatutorialinstructorforadigitalscrapbookingwebsite.“Whenyougetintothetrenches,it’sliterallybaptismbyfire,”shesays.“Newthingscomeup.It’snotjustaboutadvanceplanningforfinancesormedicalcare.It’severything,”shesays.[I]Caregiversneedtoalsowatchtheirownhealth.“Thereissuchathingascaregiverburnout,”Conasays.Amongfemalecaregivers50andolder,20%reportedsymptomsofdepression,accordingtoastudyonworkingcaregiversbyMetLife.“It’sahardjob,”Walkersays.“Butmostworthwhilethingsarehard.ShewasalwaysthereformewhenIneededahelpinghand.It’sonlynaturalthatIbehereforhernow.”46.Whenelderlyparentscannotliveathomesafely,theirchildrencanchangetheirhomeinsteadofsendingthemtoanadultcarefacility.47.Totalkaboutlong-termcareisnoteasybecausesometimesagedparentsaresuspiciousoftheirchildren’sfinancialmotives.48.Besidesadvanceplanningforfinancesormedicalcare,familycaregiverstakeovermanyotherresponsibilities.49.Thedifferencebetweenadurablepowerofattorneyandahealthcareproxyisthatthelatterallowssomeonetomakedecisionsregardingmedicaltreatment.350.Baldocchididnotwanttosendhermothertoanursinghome,butshehaddifficultytakingcareofher.51.Over42millioncaregivershelpedanadultwitheverydayactivitiesintheUSAin.52.Ifafamilyneedsinformationorhelptosortoutdisagreements,therearemanypeopletheycancallon.53.Caregiversshouldpayattentiontotheirownhealth,ortheymayburnoutorbecomedepressed.54.Onewillhavetopetitionthecourttobetheparent’slegalguardian,ifthereisnoadvancedirective.55.Thenationalmediancostofassistedlivinginwas$39,135anditisnotcoveredbyMedicaid.SectionB46.[G]。題干意為，當上了年紀父母住在家里不安全時，他們孩子能夠改變他們家，而不是將他們送到成人看護中心去。注意抓住題干中關鍵詞liveathomesafely和adultcarefacility。文章段落中，[G]段提到了上了年紀父母住在家里不安全和成人看護中心內(nèi)容，該段第二至四句提到，假如上了年紀父母住在家里不再安全，對于孩子來說將他們送到成人看護中心也極難，不過有另外一個選擇——能夠改變他們家以適合他們在那里度過晚年。由此可知，題干是對原文同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為[G]。47.[D]。題干意為，談論長久護理問題并不輕易，因為有時老年人會懷疑自己孩子有金錢方面動機。注意抓住題干中關鍵詞talkaboutlong-termcare、suspiciousof和financialmotives。文章段落中，[D]段提到了談論長久護理和老年人會懷疑自己孩子內(nèi)容，該段前三句指出，家庭組員談論長久護理問題是很主要，這么才能了解父母喜好和意愿等，不過這并不輕易，有時候父母會懷疑兒女有金錢方面動機。由此可知，題干是對原文同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為[D]。48.[H]。題干意為，除了提前進行資金和醫(yī)療方面規(guī)劃，家庭護理人員還有其余許多責任。注意抓住題干中關鍵詞planningforfinancesormedicalcare和manyotherresponsibilities。文章段落中，[H]段首先就提到了家庭護理人員要負擔許多責任，該4段最終指出，家庭護理不但僅要提前做好資金和醫(yī)療規(guī)劃，一切問題都要考慮到。由此可知，題干是對原文同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為[H]。49.[C]。題干意為，永久授權書和醫(yī)療保健代理委托書區(qū)分在于，后者允許某人做出關于醫(yī)療方面決定。注意抓住題干中關鍵詞adurablepowerofattorney和ahealthcareproxy。文章段落中，只有[C]段提到了這兩個專有名詞，該段第二句指出，護理指示應該包含adurablepowerofattorney、ahealthcareproxy和alivingwill。在介紹healthcareproxy時提到，它與durablepowerofattorney相同，只是它允許某人做出關于醫(yī)?療方面決定。由此可知，題干是對原文同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為[C]。50.[A]。題干意為，Baldocchi不想將母親送到療養(yǎng)院，不過她又極難照料她。注意抓住題干中關鍵詞Baldocchi和nursinghome。文章段落中，有幾段都提到了Baldocchi,不過提到她不想將母親送往療養(yǎng)院但自己照料母親又有困難只有[A]段。題干內(nèi)容是對原文第一段總結(jié)，故答案為[A]。51.[B]。題干意為，，美國有超出4200萬護理人員幫忙照料成年人日常生活。題干中關鍵詞為Over42millioncaregivers和helpanadultwitheverydayactivities。文章段落中，[B]段倒數(shù)第三句提到了Morethan42millionAmericansprovidefamilycaregivingforanadultwhoneedshelpwithdailyactivities,其中Morethan42million和dailyactivities分別與題干中Over42million和everydayactivities為同義交換。故答案為[B]。52.[D]。題干意為，假如一個家庭需要處理糾紛信息或幫助，他們能夠向很多人求援。注意抓住題干中關鍵詞sortoutdisagreements和callon。文章段落中，[D]段倒數(shù)第二句提到，假如一些家庭需要處理糾紛信息或者幫助，他們能夠向老年法律師、金融規(guī)劃師、老年人護理經(jīng)理和護理人員組織求援。由此可知，題干是對原文同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為[D]。53.[I]。題干意為，家庭護理人員應該注意自己身體健康，不然他們可能會累垮或者變得心情抑郁。注意抓住題干中關鍵詞theirownhealth、burnout和depressed。文章段落中，提到要護理人員注意自己身體是[I]段，該段前三句指出，家庭護理人員也要注意自己身體，有時候護理者可能會累垮。對年紀在50歲及以上女性護理人員調(diào)查顯示，有20%人稱自己有抑郁癥狀。由此可知，題干是對原文這三句話同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為[I]。題干中payattentiontotheirownhealth和原文中watchtheirownhealth對應。54.[C]。題干意為，假如沒有提前準備一份護理說明，那么想成為父母正當監(jiān)護人需要向法庭申請。注意抓住題干中關鍵詞petitionthecourt、parent’slegal5guardian和noadvancedirective。本題比較簡單，這幾個關鍵詞均在文章[C]段中直接出現(xiàn)，該段最終一句提到，Withoutanadvancedirective,thefamilywillhavetopetitionthecourttobeappointedtheparent’slegalguardian。由此可知，題干是對原文同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為[C]。55.[F]。題干意為，，全國生活幫助平均花費為39，135美元，而且這項花費也不在醫(yī)療補助計劃范圍之內(nèi)。注意抓住題干中關鍵詞、$39，135和Medicaid。本題也比較輕易，掃讀全文，能夠發(fā)覺在[F]段出現(xiàn)了和$39，135這兩個關鍵詞，而且后面也提到生活幫助并不包含在醫(yī)療補助計劃之內(nèi)。由此可知，題干是對原文同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為[F]。練習2PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionB(原快速閱讀了解調(diào)整為長篇閱讀了解，篇章長度和難度不變。篇章后附有10個句子，每句一題。每句所含信息出自篇章某一段落，要求考生找出與每句所含信息相匹配段落。有段落可能對應兩題，有段落可能不對應任何一題。)Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.BeautyandBodyImageintheMedia[A]Imagesoffemalebodiesareeverywhere.Women—andtheirbodyparts—selleverythingfromfoodtocars.Popularfilmandtelevisionactressesarebecomingyounger,tallerandthinner.Somehaveevenbeenknowntofaintonthesetfromlackoffood.Women’smagazinesarefullofarticlesurgingthatiftheycanjustlosethoselasttwentypounds,they’llhaveitall—theperfectmarriage,lovingchildren,greatsex,andarewardingcareer.[B]Whyarestandardsofbeautybeingimposedonwomen,themajorityofwhomarenaturallylargerandmorematurethananyofthemodels?Theroots,someanalystssay,areeconomic.Bypresentinganidealdifficulttoachieveandmaintain,thecosmeticanddietproductindustriesareassuredofgrowthandprofits.Andit’s6noaccidentthatyouthisincreasinglypromoted,alongwiththinness,asanessentialcriterionofbeauty.Ifnotallwomenneedtoloseweight,forsurethey’reallaging,saystheQuebecActionNetworkforWomen’sHealthinitsreport.And,accordingtotheindustry,ageisadisasterthatneedstobedealtwith.[C]Thestakesarehuge.Ontheonehand,womenwhoareinsecureabouttheirbodiesaremorelikelytobuybeautyproducts,newclothes,anddietaids.Itisestimatedthatthedietindustryaloneisworthanywherebetween40to100billion(U.S.)ayearsellingtemporaryweightloss(90%to95%ofdietersregainthelostweight).Ontheotherhand,researchindicatesthatexposuretoimagesofthin,young,air-brushedfemalebodiesislinkedtodepression,lossofself-esteemandthedevelopmentofunhealthyeatinghabitsinwomenandgirls.[D]TheAmericanresearchgroupAnorexiaNervosa&RelatedEatingDisorders,Inc.saysthatoneoutofeveryfourcollege-agedwomenusesunhealthymethodsofweightcontrol—includingfasting,skippingmeals,excessiveexercise,laxative(瀉藥)abuse,andself-inducedvomiting.Thepressuretobethinisalsoaffectingyounggirls:theCanadianWomen’sHealthNetworkwarnsthatweightcontrolmeasuresarenowbeingtakenbygirlsasyoungas5and6.Americanstatisticsaresimilar.Severalstudies,suchasoneconductedbyMarikaTiggemannandLevinaClarkintitled“AppearanceCulturein9-to12-Year-OldGirls:MediaandPeerInfluencesonBodyDissatisfaction,”indicatethatnearlyhalfofallpreadolescentgirlswishtobethinner,andasaresulthaveengagedinadietorareawareoftheconceptofdieting.In,Teenmagazinereportedthat35percentofgirls6to12yearsoldhavebeenonatleastonediet,andthat50to70percentofnormalweightgirlsbelievetheyareoverweight.Overallresearchindicatesthat90%ofwomenaredissatisfiedwiththeirappearanceinsomeway.MediaactivistJeanKilbourneconcludesthat,“Womenaresoldtothedietindustrybythemagazineswereadandthetelevisionprogramswewatch,almostallofwhichmakeusfeelanxiousaboutourweight.”[E]Perhapsthemostdisturbingisthefactthatmediaimagesoffemalebeautyareunattainableforallbutaverysmallnumberofwomen.ResearchersgeneratingacomputermodelofawomanwithBarbie-dollproportions,forexample,foundthatherbackwouldbetooweaktosupporttheweightofherupperbody,andherbodywouldbetoonarrowtocontainmorethanhalfaliverandafewcentimetersofbowel.Arealwomanbuiltthatwaywouldsufferfromchronicdiarrhea(慢性腹瀉)andeventuallydiefrommalnutrition.JillBarad,PresidentofMattel(whichmanufacturesBarbie),estimatedthat99%ofgirlsaged3to10yearsoldownatleastoneBarbiedoll.Still,thenumberofreallifewomenandgirlswhoseekasimilarlyunderweightbodyisepidemic,andtheycansufferequallydevastatinghealthconsequences.Initwasestimatedthatupto450,000Canadianwomenwereaffectedbyaneatingdisorder.[F]Researchersreportthatwomen’smagazineshavetenandone-halftimesmoreadsandarticlespromotingweightlossthanmen’smagazinesdo,andoverthree-quartersofthecoversofwomen’smagazinesincludeatleastonemessageabouthowtochangeawoman’sbodilyappearance—bydiet,exerciseorcosmeticsurgery.Televisionandmoviesreinforcetheimportanceofathinbodyasameasureofawoman’sworth.CanadianresearcherGregoryFoutsreportsthatoverthree-quartersofthefemalecharactersinTVsituationcomediesareunderweight,andonlyoneintwentyareaboveaverageinsize.Heavieractressestendtoreceivenegativecommentsfrommalecharactersabouttheirbodies(“Howaboutwearingasack?，，)，and80percentofthesenegativecommentsarefollowedbycannedaudiencelaughter.[G]Therehavebeeneffortsinthemagazineindustrytobuck(才氐制，反抗)thetrend.ForseveralyearstheQuebecmagazineCoupdePoucehasconsistentlyincludedfull-sizedwomenintheirfashionpagesandChatelainehaspledgednottotouchupphotosandnottoincludemodelslessthan25yearsofage.InMadrid,oneoftheworld’sbiggestfashioncapitals,ultra-thinmodelswerebannedfromtherunwayin.FurthermoreSpainhasrecentlyundergoneaprojectwiththeaimtostandardizeclothingsizesthroughusingauniqueprocessinwhichalaserbeamisusedtomeasurereallifewomen’sbodiesinordertofindthemosttruetolifemeasurement.[H]Anotherissueistherepresentationofethnicallydiversewomeninthemedia.AstudyconductedbyJuanitaCovertandTravisDixontitled“AChangingView:RepresentationandEffectsofthePortrayalofWomenofColorinMainstreamWomen’sMagazines”foundthatalthoughtherewasanincreaseintherepresentationofwomenofcolour,overallwhitewomenwereoverrepresentedinmainstreamwomen’smagazinesfrom1999to.[I]Thebarrageofmessagesaboutthinness,dietingandbeautytells“ordinary”womenthattheyarealwaysinneedofadjustment—andthatthefemalebodyisanobjecttobeperfected.JeanKilbournearguesthattheoverwhelmingpresenceofmediaimagesofpainfullythinwomenmeansthatrealwomen’sbodieshavebecomeinvisibleinthemassmedia.Therealtragedy,Kilbourneconcludes,isthatmanywomeninternalizethesestereotypes,andjudgethemselvesbythebeautyindustry’sstandards.Womenlearntocomparethemselvestootherwomen,andtocompetewiththemformaleattention.Thisfocusonbeautyanddesirability“effectivelydestroysanyawarenessandactionthatmighthelptochangethatclimate.”46.AreportinTeenmagazineshowedthat50%to70%girlswithnormalweightthinkthattheyneedtoloseweight.47.Onthewhole,for6yearswhitewomenhadbeenoccupyingmuchmorespaceinmainstreamwomen’smagazinessince1999.48.Somenegativeeffectssuchasdepressionandunhealthyeatinghabitsinfemalesarerelatedtotheirbeingexposedtoimagesofthinandyoungfemalebodies.49.Themassmediahashelpedboostthecosmeticandthedietindustries.50.Itisreportedthatthereisatleastonemessageaboutthemethodsforwomentochangetheirbodilyappearanceonmorethanthree-quartersofthecoversofwomen’smagazines.51.Somefilmandtelevisionactressesevenfaintonthesceneduetoeatingtoolittle.52.Toomuchconcernwithappearancemakesitimpossibletochangesuchabnormaltrend.53.ResearchersfoundthatarealwomanwithBarbie-dollproportionswouldeventuallydiefrommalnutrition.54.TheQuebecmagazineCoup(ePouceresiststhetrendbyconsistentlyincludingfull-sizedwomenintheirfashionpagesforseveralyears.55.Accordingtosomeanalysts,thefundamentalreasonofimposingstandardsofbeautyonwomeniseconomicprofits.PartⅢReadingComprehensionSectionB46.[D]題干意為，《青少年》雜志上一項報道稱，有50%到70%體重正常女孩認為自己需要減肥。注意抓住題干中關鍵詞magazine、50%to70%和normalweight。文章段落中，《青少年》雜志以及百分比50%到70%內(nèi)容在[D]段出現(xiàn)，該段倒數(shù)第二句提到，《青少年》雜志報道稱，在6~12歲女孩當中，有35%人最少進行過一次減肥，有50%~70%體重正常女孩認為自己超重。由此可知，題干是對該句部分內(nèi)容同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為[D]。題干中needtoloseweight與原文中isoverweight對應。47.[H]。題干意為，總體而言，1999年以來白人女性連續(xù)六年占據(jù)了主流女性雜志多數(shù)篇幅。注意抓住題干中關鍵詞for6years、whitewomen和occupyingmuchmorespace。文章段落中，提及白人女性在主流女性雜志所占百分比內(nèi)容在[H]段出現(xiàn)，該段最終一句提到，該研究發(fā)覺，即使1999~間雜志中出現(xiàn)有色人種女性形象在數(shù)量上有所增加，不過從整體來看，白人女性還是占據(jù)了主流女性雜志多數(shù)篇幅。由此可知，題干是對原文同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為[H]。題干中occupyingmuchmorespace對應原文中overrepresented。48.[C]。題干意為，女性身上存在一些諸如抑郁和不健康飲食習慣負面影響與接觸年輕苗條女性形象關于。注意抓住題干中關鍵詞depressionandunhealthyeatinghabits、beingexposedto和thinandyoungbodies。文章段落中，[C]段提到了抑郁、不健康飲食習慣以及接觸年輕苗條女性形象內(nèi)容，該段最后一句提到，另首先，研究表明，接觸這種年輕苗條、妝容漂亮女性形象與女性抑郁、缺乏自信和不健康飲食習慣關于。由此可知，題干是對原文同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為[C]。題干中arerelatedto對應原文中islinkedto，beingexposedto對應原文中exposureto。49.[B]。題干意為，大眾媒體幫助促進了化裝品和減肥產(chǎn)品行業(yè)發(fā)展。注意抓住題干中關鍵詞boosted和thecosmeticandthedietindustries。文章段落中，只有[B]段提到了化裝品和減肥產(chǎn)品行業(yè)發(fā)展，該段最后一句提到，經(jīng)過展現(xiàn)一個難以達成和保持理想身材，化裝品和減肥產(chǎn)品行業(yè)必定能夠得到發(fā)展并獲得利潤，而其展現(xiàn)方式就是經(jīng)過大眾媒體。由此可知，題干是對原文同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為[B]。50.[F]。題干意為，報道稱超出四分之三女性雜志封面最少包含了一條關于怎樣改變女性身材方法。注意抓住題干中關鍵詞atleastonemessage和morethanthree-quarters。文章段落中，提到女性雜志封面提供怎樣改變女性身材內(nèi)容在[F]段出現(xiàn)，該段首句提到，研究人員公布說，女性雜志上宣傳減肥廣告和文章所占比重比男性雜志高10.5倍，超出四分之三女性雜志封面最少包含了一條關于怎樣改變女性身材信息——諸如節(jié)食、運動或是整容手術。由此可知，題干對該句后半句內(nèi)容做了概括，故答案為[F]。題干中methodsforwomentochangetheirbodilyappearance是對原文中howtochangeawoman’sbodilyappearance—bydiet,exerciseorcosmeticsurgery洽勺相無才括。51.[A]。題干意為，甚至有些影視女演員因為吃得太少而在拍攝現(xiàn)場昏倒。注意抓住題干中關鍵詞filmandtelevisionactresses和faint。文章段落中，[A]段提到了女演員以及暈倒內(nèi)容，該段第三句提到，有些女演員甚至因為吃得太少而在拍攝現(xiàn)場昏倒。由此可見，題干對原文做了同義改寫，故答案為[A]。題干中duetoeatingtoolittle和原文中fromlackoffood對應。52.[I]。題干意為，對外表過分關注使得改變這種不正常風氣變得不可能。注意抓住題干中關鍵詞toomuchconcern和changesuchabnormaltrend。文章段落中，提及對外表過分關注內(nèi)容在[I]段出現(xiàn)，該段最終一句提到，這種對于漂亮和性感關注“實際上摧毀了任何可能有利于改變這種風氣意識和行動”。由此可知，題干是對原文同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為[I]。題干中toomuchconcernonappearance對應原文中focusonbeautyanddesirability。53.[E]。題干意為，研究人員發(fā)覺假如一個女人身材百分比和芭比娃娃一樣，那么她最終會死于營養(yǎng)不良。注意抓住題干中關鍵詞Barbie-dollproportions和diefrommalnutrition。文章段落中，只有[E]段提到了芭比娃娃，該段第三句提到，假如一個女人身材真是那樣(有著芭比娃娃身材百分比)話，她將會患上慢性腹瀉并最終死于營養(yǎng)不良。由此可知，題干對原文做了同義改寫，故答案為[E]。54.[G]。題干意為，幾年來魁北克雜志堅持在其時尚頁面上發(fā)表正常身材女性形象，以抵制這種時尚。注意抓住題干中關鍵詞TheQuebecmagazineCoupde和consistentlyincludingfUll-sizedwomen。文章段落中，提及魁北克雜志Coupde)ou(e堅持發(fā)表正常身材女性形象內(nèi)容在[G]段出現(xiàn)，該段前兩句提到，雜志業(yè)有些人正在努力抵制這種時尚。幾年來魁北克雜志Coupde)ou(e堅持在其時尚頁面上發(fā)表正常身材女性形象。由此可知，題干是對原文同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為[G]。題干中resists對應原文中buck(抵制，反抗)。55.[B]。題干意為，依照一些分析家觀點，將漂亮標準強加到女性身上根本原因是經(jīng)濟利益。注意抓住題干中關鍵詞fundamentalreason、standardsofbeauty和economicprofits。文章段落中，論及將漂亮標準強加到女性身上根本原因內(nèi)容在[B]段出現(xiàn)，該段前兩句提到，為何會把漂亮標準強加到女性身上，而大多數(shù)女性生來就比模特要胖要成熟?一些分析家認為，根源在于經(jīng)濟利益。由此可知，題干是對原文同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為[B]。題干中fundamentalreason和原文中roots對應。A:PizzaHutwasstartedin1958,bytwobrothersinWichita,Kansas.FrankandDanCarneyhadtheideatoopenapizzaparlor.Theyborrowed$600fromtheirmother,andopenedtheveryfirstPizzaHut.In1959,thefirstfranchiseunitopenedinTopeka,Kansas.Almostadecadelater,PizzaHutwouldbeservingonemillioncustomersaweekintheir310locations.In1970,PizzaHutwasputontheNewYorkStockExchangeunderthetickersymbolPIZ.B:In1986,PizzaHutintroduceddeliveryservice,somethingnootherrestaurantwasdoing.Bythe1990'sPizzaHutsaleshadreached$4billionworldwide.In1998,PizzaHutcelebratedtheir40thanniversary,andlaunchedtheirfamouscampaign"TheBestPizzasUnderOneRoof."In1996,PizzaHutsalesintheUnitedStateswereover$5million.Outofalltheexistingpizzachains,PizzaHuthadthelargestmarketshare,46.4%.However,PizzaHut'smarketsharehasslowlyerodedbecauseofintensecompetitionfromtheirrivalsDomino's,LittleCaesar'sandnewcomerPapaJohn's.Homedeliverywasadrivingforceforsuccess,especiallyforPizzaHutandDomino's.C:However,thisforcedcompetitorstolookfornewmethodsofincreasingtheircustomerbases.Manypizzachainsdecidedtodiversifyandoffernewnon-pizzaitemssuchasbuffalowings,andItaliancheesebread.Thecurrenttrendinpizzachainstodayisthesame.Theyalltrytocomeupwithsomenewer,bigger,better,pizzaforalowprice.Offeringspecialpromotionsandnewpizzavariationsarepopulartodayaswell.Forexample,chickenisnowacommontoppingfoundonpizzas.D:Inthepast,PizzaHuthasalwayshadthefirstmoveradvantage.Theirmarketingstrategyinthepasthasalwaysbeentobefirst.Oneoftheirmainstrategiesthattheystillfollowtodayisthediversificationoftheproductstheyoffer.PizzaHutisalwaysaddingsomethingnewtotheirmenu,tryingtoreachnewmarkets.Forexample,in1992thefamousbuffetwaslaunchedinPizzaHutrestaurantsworldwide.Theyweretryingtooffermanydifferentfooditemsforcustomerswhodidn'tnecessarilywantpizza.E:Anotherstrategytheyusedinthepastandarestillusingisthediversificationoftheirpizzas.PizzaHutisalwaystryingtocomeupwithsomeinnovativewaytomakeapizzaintosomethingslightlydifferent-differentenoughthatcustomerswillthinkit’sawholenewproduct.Forexample,let'slookatsomeofthepizzasPizzaHuthasmarketedinthepast.In1983,PizzaHutintroducedtheirPanPizza,whichhadaguaranteeofbeingreadytoeatin5minuteswhendiningatPizzaHutrestaurants.In1993,theyintroducedthe"BigFoot,"whichwastwosquarefeetofpizzacutinto21slices.In1995,theyintroduced"StuffedCrustPizza,"wherethecrustwouldbefilledwithcheese.In1997,theymarketed"TheEdge,"whichhadcheeseandtoppingsallthewaytotheedgeofthepizza.Currently,theyaremarketing"TheBigNewYorker,"tryingtobringthefamousNewYorkstylepizzatothewholecountry.F:AnotheropportunitythatPizzaHuthasistheirneworderingonlinesystem.AnyonewithInternetaccesscanorderwhatevertheywishandgetitdeliveredtotheirhousewithoutevenspeakingtosomeone.Thisprogramhasjustbeenstarted,sowedonothaveanynumberstosupportwhetherornotitwillbeasuccess.G:Lastly,PizzaHuthasalwaysvaluedcustomerserviceandsatisfaction.In1995,PizzaHutbegantwocustomersatisfactionprograms:a1-800numbercustomerhotline,andacustomercall-backprogram.Thesewereimplementedtomakesuretheircustomerswerehappy,andalwayswantedtoreturn.Inourplan,wewillfirstgiveasituationanalysisofcurrentandrelevantenvironmentalconditionsthataffectourplan.Next,wewillgiveabriefanalysisofthecurrentfastfoodindustry,andanytrendsorchangesthatmightoccurinthefuture.H:However,thefactthatPizzaHutdoeshavearestauranttorunisalsoaweakness.PizzaHuthashigheroverheadcosts,duetotherestaurantthatothercompetitorsdon'thavetodealwith.AnotherresultofhigheroverheadcostsishigherpricesPizzaHutmustcharge.Obviously,PizzaHutisnotthelowcostproducer.Theyrelyontheirqualitypizzaandgoodservicetoaccountfortheirhigherprices.I:AnindirectweaknessthatPizzaHuthasisthattheyhavelostalotoftheircustomersandmarketshareduetosuchintensecompetitionwithcompetitors.PizzaHut'sopportunitiesarealmostendless.Theycanincreaserevenuewiththeirnewinnovativepizzas,andincreasebrandloyaltywithgoodcustomerservice.J:PizzaHut'snumberonethreatsarefromtheircompetitors.Currently,theirclosestcompetitorisDomino'sPizza.Domino'smaincompetitiveadvantageoverPizzaHutistheirprice.ItisgenerallylowerthanPizzaHut.Also,Domino'swasveryprofitablewhentheyranthepromotionaldealofdeliveringapizzawithin30minutes.However,manylawsuitshavebeenfiledagainstDomino'sinthepastforrecklessdrivingbytheirdrivers,soDomino'swithdrewthepromotion.LittleCaesar'sisanotheroneofPizzaHut'scompetitors,rightbehindDomino'sinmarketshare.LittleCaesar'sisfamousforofferinglargequantitiesofpizzaforlessmoney.OthercompetitorsincludePapaJohn's,Sbarro,andPizzaInn.K:Aproblemfacingallofthepizzachainsisthateachoftheirindividualcompetitiveadvantagesareprettymucheveryone'scompetitiveadvantages.Mostifnotallthetoppizzachainsofferfreedelivery,andalwayshavesomesortofpromotionaldealofferinglargepizzasatreducedprices.Othercompetitorstotakeintoconsiderationarefrozenpizzasandmake-it-yourselfpizzasthatarepurchasedingrocerystores.SomeexamplesoftheseareTombstonePizzas,Boboli,andDi'Gorniopizzas.1.PizzaHutexpandeditsbusinessintomanypartsofthecountrybythetimeof1969.