2023新課標(biāo)版英語(yǔ)高考第二輪復(fù)習(xí)-十二　猜測(cè)詞義(一)

2023新課標(biāo)版英語(yǔ)高考第二輪復(fù)習(xí)

專題十二猜測(cè)詞義

五年高考

A組統(tǒng)一命題?課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷題組

Passage1（2022全國(guó)乙,C）詞數(shù)316

Canasmallgroupofdrones（無(wú)人機(jī)）guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesame

time,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday's

“eyesinthesky,9technologytomakingsurethatthemillionsofkilometresofrailtracksandinfrastructure（?

礎(chǔ)設(shè)施）worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.

Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamething

toinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailway

tracksandswitchingpoints.Themoreregularlytheycanbeinspected,themorerailwaysafety,reliabilityand

on-timeperformancewillbeimproved.Costswouldbecutandoperationswouldbemoreefficient（高效）

acrosstheboard.

Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.Itis

calculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,

includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbe

dangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews1efforts.

Byusingthelatesttechnologies,dronescouldalsostartprovidinghigher-valueservicesforrailways,

detectingfaultsintherailorswitches,beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.Toperformthesetasks,

dronesforraildon*tneedtobeflyingoverhead.Engineersarenowworkingonanewconcept:theraildrones

ofthefuture.Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain,andprogrammedtorunautonomously.

VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco-pilot.

Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeableto

reactintime.

1.Whatmakestheapplicationofdronestoraillinespossible?

A.Theuseofdronesincheckingonpowerlines.

B.Drones'abilitytoworkathighaltitudes.

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C.Thereductionofcostindesigningdrones.

D.Drones*reliableperformanceinremoteareas.

2.Whatdoes“maintenance“underlinedinparagraph3referto?

A.Personnelsafety.

B.Assistancefromdrones.

C.Inspectionandrepair.

□.Constructionofinfrastructure.

3.Whatfunctionisexpectedoftheraildrones?

A.Toprovideearlywarning.

B.Tomaketrainsrunautomatically.

C.Toearnprofitsforthecrews.

D.Toacceleratetransportation.

4.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?

A.WhatFaultsCanBeDetectedwithDrones

B.HowProductionofDronesCanBeExpanded

C.WhatDifficultyDroneDevelopmentWillFace

D.HowDronesWillChangetheFutureofRailways

答案

l.A2.C3.A4.D

Passage2（2022全國(guó)甲,C）詞數(shù)312

AsGinniBazlintonreachedAntarctica,shefoundherselfgreetedbyagroupoflittleGentoopenguins（企

鵝）longingtosayhello.Thesegentle,lovelygatekeeperswelcomedherandkick-startedwhatwastobeatrip

Ginniwouldneverforget.

Eversinceherchildhood,Ginni,now71,hashadadeeplovefortravel.Throughouthercareer（職業(yè)）asa

professionaldancer,shetouredintheUK,butalwayslongedtoexplorefurther.Whensheretiredfrom

dancingandhersonseventuallyflewthenest,shedecideditwastimetotaketheplunge.

AftertakingadegreeatChichesterUniversityinRelatedArts,Ginnibegantotraveltheworld,eventually

gettingworkteachingEnglishinJapanandChile.AnditwasinChileshediscoveredshecouldget

last-minutecheapdealsonshipsgoingtoAntarcticafromtheislandsoffTierradelFuego,thesouthernmost

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tipoftheSouthAmericanmainland.utIjustdecidedIwantedtogo,“shesays."IhadnoideaaboutwhatI'd

findthereand1wasn'tnervous,Ijustwantedtodoit.AndIwantedtodoitaloneasIalwayspreferitthat

way.”

InMarch2008,Ginniboardedashipwith48passengersshe'dnevermetbefore,tobeginthejourneytowards

Antarctica.64Fromseeingthewildlifetowitnessingsunrises,thewholeexperiencewasamazing.Antarctica

leftanimpressiononmethatnootherplacehas,“Ginnisays."IrememberthefirsttimeIsawahumpback

whale;itjustroseoutofthewaterlikesomeprehistoriccreatureandIthoughtitwassmilingatus.Youcould

stillheartheoperaticsoundsitwasmakingunderwater.^^

Therealizationthatthisisapreciousland,toberespectedbyhumans,wasoneofthebiggestthingsthathit

hometoGinni.

1.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains"taketheplunge"underlinedinparagraph2?

A.Trychallengingthings.

B.Takeadegree.

C.Bringbacklostmemories.

D.Sticktoapromise.

2.WhatmadeGinnidecideonthetriptoAntarctica?

A.Lovelypenguins.

B.Beautifulscenery.

C.Adiscountfare.

D.Afriend'sinvitation.

3.WhatdoesGinnithinkaboutAntarcticaafterthejourney?

A.Itcouldbeahomeforher.

B.Itshouldbeeasilyaccessible.

C.Itshouldbewellpreserved.

D.Itneedstobefullyintroduced.

4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Achildhooddream.

B.Anunforgettableexperience.

C.Sailingaroundtheworld.

D.MeetinganimalsinAntarctica.

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答案

l.A2.C3.C4.B

Passage3（2021全國(guó)乙,B）詞數(shù)333

Whenalmosteveryonehasamobilephone,whyaremorethanhalfofAustralianhomesstillpayingfora

landline（座機(jī)）?

Thesedaysyou'dbehardpressedtofindanyoneinAustraliaovertheageof15whodoesn'townamobile

phone.Infactplentyofyoungerkidshaveoneintheirpocket.Practicallyeveryonecanmakeandreceive

callsanywhere,anytime.

Still,55percentofAustralianshavealandlinephoneathomeandonlyjustoveraquarter（29%）relyonlyon

theirsmartphones,accordingtoasurvey（調(diào)查）.OfthoseAustralianswhostillhavealandline,athirdconcede

thatit*snotreallynecessaryandthey'rekeepingitasasecurityblanket-19percentsaytheyneveruseit

whileafurther13percentkeepitincaseofemergencies.Ithinkmyhomefallsintothatcategory.

MorethanhalfofAustralianhomesarestillchoosingtostickwiththeirhomephone.Ageisnaturallya

factor（因素）一only58percentofGenerationYsstilluselandlinesnowandthen,comparedto84percentof

BabyBoomerswho'veperhapshadthesamehomenumberfor50years.Ageisn'ttheonlyfactor;I'dsayit*s

alsotodowiththemakeupofyourhousehold.

GenerationXerswithyoungfamilies,likemywifeandI,canstillfinditconvenienttohaveahomephone

ratherthanprovidingamobilephoneforeveryfamilymember.Thatsaid,tobehonesttheonlypeoplewho

everringourhomephoneareourBabyBoomersparents,tothepointwhereweplayagameandguesswhois

callingbeforewepickupthephone（usingCallerIDwouldtakethefunoutofit）.

Howattachedareyoutoyourlandline?Howlonguntiltheygothewayofgasstreetlampsandmorningmilk

deliveries?

l.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytellusaboutmobilephones?

A.Theirtargetusers.

B.Theirwidepopularity.

C.Theirmajorfunctions.

D.Theircomplexdesign.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"concede“inparagraph3mean?

A.Admit.B.Argue.

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C.Remember.D.Remark.

3.WhatcanwesayaboutBabyBoomers?

A.Theylikesmartphonegames.

B.Theyenjoyguessingcallers1identity.

C.Theykeepusinglandlinephones.

D.Theyareattachedtotheirfamily.

4.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthelandlinefromthelastparagraph?

A.Itremainsafamilynecessity.

B.Itwillfalloutofusesomeday.

C.Itmayincreasedailyexpenses.

D.Itisasimportantasthegaslight.

答案

l.B2.A3.C4.B

Passage4（2021全國(guó)甲,C）詞數(shù)356

WhenIwas9,wepackedupourhomeinLosAngelesandarrivedatHeathrow,Londononagray

Januarymorning.Everyoneinthefamilysettledquicklyintothecityexceptme.Withoutmybelovedbeaches

andendlessblue-skydays,Ifeltatalossandoutofplace.UntilImadeadiscovery.

Southbank,ataneasternbendintheThames,isthecenterofBritishskateboarding,wherethecontinuous

crashingofskateboardsleftyourheadringing.Ilovedit.Isoonmadefriendswiththelocalskaters.Wespoke

ourownlanguage.Andmyfavorite:Safe.Safemeantcool.Itmeanthello.Itmeantdon'tworryaboutit.Once,

whentryingacertaintrickonthebeam（橫桿）,Ifellontothestones,damaginganerveinmyhand,andToby

cameover,helpingmeup:Safe,man.Safe.Afewminuteslater,whenIlandedthetrick,myfriendsbeattheir

boardsloud,shouting:"Safe!Safe!Safe!''Andthafswhatmattered-landingtricks,beingagoodskater.

WhenIwas15,myfamilymovedtoWashington.Itriedskateboardingthere,butthelocalswerefarless

welcoming.Withinacoupleofyears,I'dgivenitup.

WhenIreturnedtoLondonin2004,1foundmyselfwanderingdowntoSouthbank,spendinghoursthere.Fve

traveledbackseveraltimessince,mostrecentlythispastspring.Thedaywascoldbutclear;touristsand

Londonersstoppedtowatchtheskaters.Weaving（穿梭）amongthekidswhorushedbyontheirboards,I

foundmywaytothebeam.Thenarail-thinteenager,inabaggywhiteT-shirt,skidded（滑）uptothebeam.He

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satnexttome.Heseemednottonoticethemannexttohim.ButsoonIcaughtafewofhisglances.<€Iwasa

localhere20yearsago,“Itoldhim.Then,slowly,hebegantonodhishead.'Safe,man.Safe.”

“Yeah,“Isaid."Safb.”

1.WhatcanwelearnabouttheauthorsoonafterhemovedtoLondon?

A.Hefeltdisappointed.

B.Hegaveuphishobby.

C.Helikedtheweatherthere.

D.Hehaddisagreementswithhisfamily.

2.Whatdotheunderlinedwords"SafelSafelSafel^probablymean?

A.Becareful!

B.Welldone!

C.Noway!

D.Don'tworry!

3.WhydidtheauthorliketospendtimeinSouthbankwhenhereturnedtoLondon?

A.Tojointheskateboarding.

B.Tomakenewfriends.

C.Tolearnmoretricks.

D.Torelivehischildhooddays.

4.Whatmessagedoestheauthorseemtoconveyinthetext?

A.Childrenshouldlearnasecondlanguage.

B.Sportisnecessaryforchildren'shealth.

C.Childrenneedasenseofbelonging.

D.Seeingtheworldisamustforchildren.

答案

l.A2.B3.D4.C

Passage5（2020課標(biāo)全國(guó)I,B）詞數(shù)324

Returningtoabookyou'vereadmanytimescanfeellikedrinkswithanoldfriend.There'sawelcome

familiarity-butalsosometimesaslightsuspicionthattimehaschangedyouboth,andthustherelationship.

Butbooksdon'tchange,peopledo.Andthat'swhatmakestheactofrereadingsorichandtransformative.

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Thebeautyofrereadingliesintheideathatourbondwiththeworkisbasedonourpresentmentalregister.

It*strue,theolderIget,themoreIfeeltimehaswings.Butwithreading,it'sallaboutthepresent.It*sabout

thenowandwhatonecontributestothenow,becausereadingisagiveandtakebetweenauthorandreader.

Eachhastopulltheirownweight.

TherearethreebooksIrereadannually.Thefirst,whichItaketoreadingeveryspring,isErnestHemingway's

AMoveableFeast.Publishedin1964,ifshisclassicmemoirof1920sParis.Thelanguageisalmost

intoxicating（令人陶醉的）,anagingwriterlookingbackonanambitiousyetsimplertime.AnotherisAnnie

Dillard'sHolytheFirm,herpoetic1975ramble（隨筆）abouteverythingandnothing.ThethirdbookisJulio

CortiIzar'sSaveTwilight:SelectedPoems,becausepoetry.AndbecauseCortIZIzar.

WhileItendtobuyalotofbooks,thesethreeweregiventomeasgifts,whichmightaddtothemeaningI

attachtothem.ButIimaginethat,whilemoneyisindeedwonderfulandnecessary,rereadinganauthor'swork

isthehighestcurrencyareadercanpaythem.Thebestbooksaretheonesthatopenfurtherastimepasses.

Butremember,it'syouthathastogrowandreadandrereadinordertobetterunderstandyourfriends.

l.Whydoestheauthorlikerereading?

A.Itevaluatesthewriter-readerrelationship.

B.It'sawindowtoawholenewworld.

C.Ifsasubstitutefordrinkingwithafriend.

D.Itextendstheunderstandingofoneself.

2.WhatdoweknowaboutthebookAMoveableFeast?

A.It'sabriefaccountofatrip.

B.It'saboutHemingway'slifeasayoungman.

C.It'sarecordofahistoricevent.

D.It'saboutHemingway'sfriendsinParis.

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“cuirency“inparagraph4referto?

A.Debt.B.Reward.

C.Allowance.D.Facevalue.

4.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromthetext?

A.Helovespoetry.

B.He'saneditor.

C.He'sveryambitious.

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D.Heteachesreading.

答案

l.D2,B3.B4.A

Passage6（2020課標(biāo)全國(guó)II,c）詞數(shù)369

Whenyouweretryingtofigureoutwhattobuyfortheenvironmentalistonyourholidaylist,fur

probablydidn'tcrossyourmind.Butsomeecologistsandfashion（時(shí)裝）enthusiastsaretryingtobringback

themarketforfurmadefromnutria（海貍鼠）.

UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhaveshowcasednutriafurmadeintoclothesindifferent

styles."Itsoundscrazytotalkaboutguilt-freefur—unlessyouunderstandthatthenutriaaredestroyingvast

wetlandseveryyear,“saysCreeMcCree,projectdirectorofRighteousFur.

ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters$5atail.Someofthefurendsup

inthefashionshowsliketheoneinBrooklynlastmonth.

NutriawerebroughttherefromArgentinabyfurfarmersandletgointothewild."Theecosystemdownthere

can'thandlethisnon-nativespecies（物種）.It'sdestroyingtheenvironment.It*sthemorus,“saysMichael

Massimi,anexpertinthisfield.

Thefurtradekeptnutriaincheckfordecades,butwhenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s,the

cat-sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.

BiologistEdmondMoutonrunsthenutriacontrolprogramforLouisiana.Hesaysifsnoteasytoconvince

peoplethatnutriafurisgreen,buthehasnodoubtaboutit.Huntersbringinmorethan300,000nutriatailsa

year,sopartofMouton'sjobthesedaysistryingtopromotefur.

Thenthere'sRighteousFuranditsunusualfashions.ModelPaigeMorgansays,“Togivepeopleaguilt-free

optionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem-Ithinkthat'sgoingtobeamassivething,

atleasthereinNewYork.^DesignerJenniferAndersonadmitsittookherawhiletocomearoundtothe

opinionthatusingnutriafurforhercreationsismorallyacceptable.She'stryingtocomeupwithalabelto

attachtonutriafashionstoshowitiseco-friendly.

1.WhatisthepurposeofthefashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklyn?

A.Topromoteguilt-freefur.

B.Toexpandthefashionmarket.

C.Tointroduceanewbrand.

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D.Tocelebrateawinterholiday.

2.Whyarescientistsconcernedaboutnutria?

A.Nutriadamagetheecosystemseriously.

B.Nutriaareanendangeredspecies.

C.Nutriahurtlocalcat-sizedanimals.

D.Nutriaareillegallyhunted.

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“collapsed”inparagraph5probablymean?

A.Boomed.

B.Becamemature.

C.Remainedstable.

D.Crashed.

4.WhatcanweinferaboutwearingfurinNewYorkaccordingtoMorgan?

A.It'sformal.B.It'srisky.

C.It*sharmful.D.Ifstraditional.

答案

l.A2.A3.D4.B

Passage7（2020課標(biāo)全國(guó)HI,B）詞數(shù)280

When“RiseofthePlanetoftheApes^wasfirstshowntothepubliclastmonth,agroupofexcitedanimal

activistsgatheredonHollywoodBoulevard.Buttheyweren'ttheretothrowredpaintonfur-coat-wearingfilm

stars.Instead,oneactivist,dressedinafull-bodymonkeysuit,hadarrivedwithasignpraisingthe

filmmakers:4tThanksfornotusingrealapes（猿）!”

Thecreativeteambehind"Apes"usedmotion-capture（動(dòng)作捕捉）technologytocreatedigitalizedanimals,

spendingtensofmillionsofdollarsontechnologythatrecordsanactor'sperformanceandlaterprocessesit

withcomputergraphicstocreateafinalimage（圖像）.Inthiscase,oneofarealistic-lookingape.

Yet"Apes"ismoreexceptionthantherule.Infact,Hollywoodhasbeenhotonliveanimalslately.One

nonprofitorganization,whichmonitorsthetreatmentofanimalsinfilmedentertainment,iskeepingtabson

morethan2,000productionsthisyear.Already,anumberoffilms,including“WaterforElephants,“"The

HangoverPartII”and"Zookeeper,“havedrawntheangerofactivistswhosaythecreaturesactinginthem

haven*tbeentreatedproperly.

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Insomecases,it'snotsomuchthetreatmentoftheanimalsonsetinthestudiothathasactivistsworried;it's

theoff-settrainingandlivingconditionsthatareraisingconcerns.Andtherearequestionsaboutthefilms

madeoutsidetheStates,whichsometimesarenotmonitoredascloselyasproductionsfilmedintheStates.

l.WhydidtheanimalactivistsgatheronHollywoodBoulevard?

A.Toseefamousfilmstars.

B.Toopposewearingfurcoats.

C.Toraisemoneyforanimalprotection.

D.Toexpressthankstosomefilmmakers.

2.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?

A.Thecostofmaking"Apes.”

B.Thecreationofdigitalizedapes.

C.Thepublicityabout"Apes.”

D.Theperformanceofrealapes.

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"keepingtabson^^inparagraph3probablymean?

A.Listingcompletely.

B.Directingprofessionally.

C.Promotingsuccessfully.

D.Watchingcarefully.

4.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraphaboutanimalactors?

A.Theymaybebadlytreated.

B.Theyshouldtakefurthertraining.

C.Theycouldbetradedillegally.

D.Theywouldlosepopularity.

答案

l.D2.B3.D4.A

Passage8（2019課標(biāo)全國(guó)I,B）詞數(shù)329

ForCanaanElementary'ssecondgradeinPatchogue,N.Y.,todayisspeechday,andrightnowit'sChris

Palaez*sturn.The8-year-oldisthejokeroftheclass.Withshiningdarkeyes,heseemslikethekindofkid

whowouldenjoypublicspeaking.

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Buthe'snervous/Tmheretotellyoutodaywhyyoushould...should...^Christripsonthepronunciation

difficultyformanynon-nativeEnglishspeakers.Histeacher,ThomasWhaley,isnexttohim,whispering

support/4...Votefbr...me...”Exceptforsomestumbles,Chrisisdoingamazinglywell.Whenhebringshis

speechtoaniceconclusion,Whaleyinvitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim.

Asonofimmigrants,ChrisstartedlearningEnglishalittleoverthreeyearsago.Whaleyrecalls（回想起）how

atthebeginningoftheyear,whencalledupontoread,Chriswouldexcusehimselftogotothebathroom.

LearningEnglishasasecondlanguagecanbeapainfulexperience.Whatyouneedisagreatteacherwholets

youmakemistakes.44Ittakesalotforanystudent,^Whaleyexplains,"especiallyforastudentwhoislearning

Englishastheirnewlanguage,tofeelconfidentenoughtosay/1don'tknow,butIwanttoknow.^^^

Whaleygottheideaofthissecond-gradepresidentialcampaignprojectwhenheaskedthechildrenonedayto

raisetheirhandsiftheythoughttheycouldneverbeapresident.Theanswerbrokehisheart.Whaleysaysthe

projectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboast（夸

耀）aboutthemselves.

“Boastingaboutyourself,andyourbestqualitiesJWhaleysays,“isverydifficultforachildwhocameintothe

classroomnotfeelingconfident79

1.WhatmadeChrisnervous?

A.Tellingastory.

B.Makingaspeech.

C.Takingatest.

D.Answeringaquestion.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"stumbles"inparagraph2referto?

A.Improperpauses.

B.Badmanners.

C.Spellingmistakes.

D.Sillyjokes.

3.WecaninferthatthepurposeofWhaley'sprojectisto.

A.helpstudentsseetheirownstrengths

B.assessstudents'publicspeakingskills

C.preparestudentsfortheirfuturejobs

D.inspirestudents'loveforpolitics

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4.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesWhaleyasateacher?

A.Humorous.B.Ambitious.

C.Caring.D.Demanding.

答案

l.B2.A3.A4.C

Passage9（2019課標(biāo)全國(guó)II,A）詞數(shù)264

MyFavouriteBooks

JoUsmarisawriterforCosmopolitanandco-authoroftheThisBookWillseries（系歹（I）oflifestylebooks.

Hereshepickshertopreads.

Matilda

RoaldDahl

IoncewroteapaperontheinfluenceoffairytalesonRoaldDahl'swritinganditgavemeanewappreciation

forhisstrangeanddelightfulworlds.Matilda'sbattleswithhercruelparentsandthebossyheadmistress,Miss

Trunchbull,areequallyfunnyandfrightening,butthey'realsoaspirational.

AfterDark

HarukiMurakami

It'sabouttwosisters—Eri,amodelwhoeitherwon'torcan'tstopsleeping,andMari,ayoungstudent.In

tryingtoconnecttohersister,Maristartschangingherlifeanddiscoversaworldofdiverse4€night

people^whoarehidingsecrets.

GoneGirl

GillianFlynn

Therewasabitofmethatdidn'twanttolovethiswheneveryoneelseontheplanetdid,butthehorrorstoryis

brilliant.There'stensionandanxietyfromthebeginningasNickandAmybattleforyourtrust.It*sareal

whodunitandthefrustrationwhenyourealisewhat'sgoingonishorriblyenjoyable.

TheStand

StephenKing

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Thisisanexcellentfantasynovelfromoneofthebeststorytellersaround.Afteraseriousfluoutbreakwipes

out99.4%oftheworld'spopulation,abattleunfoldsbetweengoodandevilamongthoseleft.RandallFlaggis

oneofthescariestcharactersever.

l.Whodoes"I"refertointhetext?

A.StephenKing.B.GillianFlynn.

C.JoUsmar.D.RoaldDahl.

2.WhichofthefollowingtellsaboutMariandEri?

A.Cosmopolitan.

B.Matilda.

C.AfterDark.

D.TheStand.

3.WhatkindofbookisGoneGirl?

A.Afolktale.

B.Abiography.

C.Alovestory.

D.Ahorrorstory.

答案

l.C2.C3.D

Passage10（2019課標(biāo)全國(guó)II,B）詞數(shù)338

“Youcanusemeasalastresort（選擇）,andifnobodyelsevolunteers,thenIwilldoit."Thiswasan

actualreplyfromaparentafterIputoutarequestforvolunteersformykids'lacrosse（長(zhǎng)曲棍球）club.

Iguessthatthere'sprobablysomedemandingworkschedule,orsocialanxietyaroundsteppinguptohelpfor

anunknownsport.Shemayjustneedalittlepersuading.SoItryagainandtugattheheartstrings.Imention

thesingleparentwithfourkidsrunningtheshowandItalkaboutthedadcoachingateamthathiskidsaren't

evenon...Atthispointtheunwillingparentspeaksup,“Alright.Yes,I'lldoit.”

I'msecretlyrelievedbecauseIknowthere'srealpowerinsharingvolunteerresponsibilitiesamongmany.The

unwillingparentorganizesthemealschedule,sendsoutemails,andcollectsmoneyfbrend-of-seasongifts.

Somewherealongtheway,thesameparentendsupbecominganinvaluablememberoftheteam.Thecoach

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isabletofocusonthekidswhiletheotherparentsarerelievedtobeoffthehookforanotherseason.Handing

outslicedorangestobloodthirstykidscanbeasexcitingaswatchingyourownkidscoreagoal.

Still,mostofusvolunteersbreatheasighofreliefwhentheseasoncomestoaclose.Thatreliefiscoupled

withadeepunderstandingofwhythesamepeoplekeepcomingbackformore:Connectingtothe

community（社區(qū)）asyoufreelygiveyourtime,money,skills,orservicesprovidesarealjoy.Volunteering

justfeelssogood.

Inthatsense,TmprettysurevolunteeringismoreofaselfishactthanI'dfreelyliketoadmit.However,if

othersbenefitintheprocess,andIgetsomerewardtoo,doesitreallymatterwheremymotivationlies?

1.Whatcanweinferabouttheparentfromherreplyinparagraph1?

A.Sheknowslittleabouttheclub.

B.Sheisn'tgoodatsports.

C.Shejustdoesn'twanttovolunteer.

D.She'sunabletomeetherschedule.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase'lugattheheartstrings^inparagraph2mean?

A.Encourageteamwork.

B.Appealtofeelings.

C.Promotegooddeeds.

D.Provideadvice.

3.Whatcanwelearnabouttheparentfromparagraph3?

A.Shegetsinterestedinlacrosse.

B.Sheisproudofherkids.

C.She'llworkforanotherseason.

D.Shebecomesagoodhelper.

4.Whydoestheauthorlikedoingvolunteerwork?

A.Itgivesherasenseofduty.

B.Itmakesherveryhappy.

C.Itenableshertoworkhard.

D.Itbringshermaterialrewards.

答案

l.C2.B3.D4.B

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Passage11(2018課標(biāo)全國(guó)I,C)詞數(shù)294

Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenless

comingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(聯(lián)

系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelieve

that10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000

languagesbetweenthem.

Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoo

becamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthe

nation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbetter

communicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominant

languagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.

Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.The

generalruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wet

zoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout

1,000;Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsfor

wellover800.Themediannumber(中位數(shù))ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld's

languagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.

Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction。肖亡)，withonlyafewelderly

speakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150),

LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark):noneof

theseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.

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