現(xiàn)代大學(xué)英語(yǔ)精讀2第10課

Book2-10PompeiiRobertSilverberg12021/5/9ReinforcementTextAnalysisPompeiiBackgroundWarmingupUnit1022021/5/9Questions/ActivitiesCheck-onPreviewObjectivesWBTRHalfaDayUnit1Warmingup32021/5/9WarmingupQuestions/ActivitiesWBTRWhydoestheauthorcallPompeiiastrangecity?Whathappenedtothecity?Whatwasthecitylikebeforeitwasdestroyed?Whataresomeothernaturaldisastersinworldhistorythatyouhavelearnedabout?42021/5/9Check-onPreviewMatchthewordswiththeircorrectmeaninginthetext.hurlgrazecramintactmightyshattera.verystrongorpowerfulb.tosuddenlybreakintosmallpiecesc.tothrowviolentlyinaparticulardirectione.toeatgrassgrowinginafieldf.topushsb./pleteandnotdamagedWBTRWarmingupKey:c,e,f,g,a,b52021/5/9ObjectivesUnderstandthestructureandthegeneralideaofthetextKnowsomethingaboutthehistoryofPompeiiandwhathappenedinAD79BeabletousespecificverbstodescribethingsBeabletocreateadominantimpressionbyusingwordsaboutfivesensesKnowsomethingaboutnaturaldisasterslikevolcaniceruptions,earthquakes,tornadoetc.WBTRWarmingup62021/5/9BackgroundCultureTipsAuthorHalfaDayUnit10BWTR72021/5/9BackgroundAuthorRobert

Silverberg(bornJanuary15,1935)isanAmericanauthor,bestknownforwritingsciencefiction.In1956hegraduatedfromColumbiaUniversity,havingmajoredinComparativeLiterature.HisLifeBWTR82021/5/9CultureTipsNaplesisthecapitalofCampaniaandthethird-largestcityinItaly,afterRomeandMilan.Ithasapopulationofnearly1millionwithinitsadministrativelimitsonalandareaof117.3

km2(45

sq

mi).TheurbanareaofNaplesextendsbeyondtheadministrativecitylimits,withapopulationofabove3million.92021/5/9ThecityofPompeiiisapartiallyburiedRomantown-citynearmodernNaples.Pompeiiwaspartiallydestroyedandburiedunder4to6m(13to20ft)ofashandpumiceintheeruptionofMountVesuviusinAD79,anditwaslostfornearly1700yearsbeforeitsaccidentalrediscoveryin1749.Sincethen,itsexcavationhasprovidedanextraordinarilydetailedinsightintothelifeofacityduringthePaxRomana.Today,thisUNESCOWorldHeritageSiteisoneofthemostpopulartouristattractionsofItaly,withapproximately2,500,000visitorseveryyear.CultureTips102021/5/9PompeiithelastdayAmultidisciplinarystudyoftheeruptionproductsandvictimsindicatesthatatVesuviusandsurroundingtownsheatwasthemaincauseofdeathofpeople,previouslybelievedtohavediedbyashsuffocation.Theresultsofthestudy,publishedin2010,showthatexposuretoatleast250

°Chotsurgesatadistanceof10kilometresfromtheventwassufficienttocauseinstantdeath,evenifpeoplewereshelteredwithinbuildings.CultureTips112021/5/9MountVesuviusMountVesuviusisbestknownforitseruptioninAD79thatledtotheburyinganddestructionoftheRomancitiesofPompeiiandHerculaneum.Theywereneverrebuilt,althoughsurvivingtownspeopleandprobablylootersdidundertakeextensivesalvageworkafterthedestructions.Thetowns'locationswereeventuallyforgottenuntiltheiraccidentalrediscoveryinthe18thcentury.Pompeii,withVesuviustoweringaboveCultureTips122021/5/9Vesuviusfromplane

CultureTipsInsidethecraterofVesuvius132021/5/9Jupiteristhekingofthegodsandthegodofskyandthunder.JupiterwasthechiefdeityofRomanstatereligionthroughouttheRepublicanandImperialeras,untiltheEmpirecameunderChristianrule.Jupiteristhoughttohaveoriginatedasaskygod.Hisidentifyingimplementisthethunderbolt,andhisprimarysacredanimalistheeagle,whichheldprecedenceoverotherbirdsinthetakingofauspicesandbecameoneofthemostcommonsymbolsoftheRomanarmy.CultureTips142021/5/9Apollo

isoneofthemostimportantandcomplexoftheOlympiandeitiesinancientGreekandRomanreligion,GreekandRomanmythology.Apollohasbeenvariouslyrecognizedasagodoflightandthesun,truthandprophecy,healing,plague,music,poetry,andmore.ApolloisthesonofZeusandLeto,andhasatwinsister,thechastehuntressArtemis.CultureTips152021/5/9IsisisagoddessinAncientEgyptianreligiousbeliefs.Shewasworshippedastheidealmotherandwifeaswellasthepatronofnatureandmagic.Shewasthefriendofslaves,sinners,artisans,andthedowntrodden,andshelistenedtotheprayersofthewealthy,maidens,aristocrats,andrulers.Isisisalsoknownasprotectorofthedeadandgoddessofchildren.ThenameIsismeans"Throne".Herheaddressisathrone.Asthepersonificationofthethrone,shewasanimportantrepresentationofthepharaoh'spower.Thepharaohwasdepictedasherchild,whosatonthethronesheprovided.CultureTips162021/5/9DetailedAnalysisStructureHalfaDayUnit1TextAnalysisTWBR172021/5/9TextAnalysisStructure1Para.1-7AbriefaccountofPompeiibeforeandafterAugust24,AD79.2Para.8-9Adetaileddescriptionofwhathappenedonthedayoftheeruption.TWBR182021/5/9TextAnalysisDetailedAnalysisMainIdeaSentenceParaphraseWords&ExpressionsExercisePartIPartIITWBR192021/5/9Whatwasthecitylikebeforetheeruption?WhatwerepeopleinPompeiidoingbeforetheeruption?IFthecityhadnotbeendestroyedbythevolcaniceruption,whatwoulditbeliketoday?PartI:MainIdea202021/5/9TextAnalysisDetailedAnalysisPartI:Words&ExpressionsWordsPhrasesSentencePatternGrammareruptstrikeperishshroudintactclattershimmernoothercomedownhidefrombreakthroughbeinplacecometolifebeinportclearawaytheday+thatclauseTodo…istodo.…isalloneneedstodo.inversion212021/5/9strike(para.4)tocauseapersonorplacetosufferseverelyfromtheeffectsofsomethingveryunpleasantthathappenssuddenlyI'vegotalifeinsurancepolicythatwilllookaftermyfamilyifdisasterstrikes.Thediseasehasstruckthewholecommunity,sometimeswipingoutwholefamilies.Theypredictthatalargeearthquakewillstriketheeastcoastbeforetheendofthedecade.DetailedAnalysisPartI:WordsandExpression222021/5/9perish(para.4)todie,especiallyinanaccidentorbybeingkilled,ortobedestroyedThreehundredpeopleperishedintheearthquake.HebelievesthatEuropemustcreateclosertiesoritwillperish."Publishorperish"isaphrasecoinedtodescribethepressureinacademiatorapidlyandcontinuouslypublishacademicworktosustainorfurtherone'scareer.DetailedAnalysis232021/5/9arainofsth.(para.4)arainofsth.:alargenumberofthinsthatfallfromtheskyatthesametime.例如：A

rain

ofabusehasbeenheapeduponhim.

他遭到好一頓咒罵。這類(lèi)用法屬于暗喻（metaphor），相似例子如下：A

storm

ofapplauserosefromtheaudience.觀眾一陣喝彩。Thechargestouchedoffa

storm

ofprotest.那些指控激起了猛烈的抗議。DetailedAnalysis242021/5/9shimmer(para.6)toshineinsuchawaythatthelightseemstoshakeslightlyandquicklyShecouldseeherreflectioninthewater,shimmeringinthemoonlight.Compareshimmerwithotherverbslikesparkle,twinkleandglisten.DetailedAnalysis252021/5/9shroud(para.5)alayerofsomethingwhichcoversorsurroundssomethingEverythingwascoveredinathickshroudofdust.Thetruthabouttheaccidentremainshiddenbeneathashroudofsecrecy.DetailedAnalysis262021/5/9restoresth.tosth.(para.7)Thestolengoodswereallrestored

totheirowners.被偷竊的東西都?xì)w還給原主了。Thehousehasbeenrestored

toitsoriginalsplendour.這座房子已經(jīng)恢復(fù)了當(dāng)初的光彩。Thecitywasfinallyrestored

totranquility.這座城市最后恢復(fù)了平靜。Afteryearsofneglecting,thepalacehasbeenrestored

toitsformerglory.經(jīng)過(guò)若干年的沉寂，這座宮殿恢復(fù)了以往的壯麗。DetailedAnalysis272021/5/9Beneaththeprotectingshroudofash,thecitylayintact.(para5.)Thecityremainedasithadbeenbeforetheeruption.Ithadbeenprotectedbythethinklayerofashthatburiedthecitydeep.DetailedAnalysisPartI:SentenceParaphrase282021/5/9Agoodimaginationisallyouneedtorestoreittoactivity.(para.7)Ifyouhaveagoodimaginationyouwillbeabletoimaginewhatwasgoingon－thesights,sounds,smellsandactivitiesofabusy,prosperousRomantown.DetailedAnalysis292021/5/9在我的學(xué)校里沒(méi)有別的美國(guó)人了。他們最近已經(jīng)從倫敦搬到鄉(xiāng)村來(lái)住。你是不是有什么事要瞞著我？不久，綠色的嫩芽就會(huì)破土而出。書(shū)都放得整整齊齊，井井有條。一個(gè)年輕女孩翻閱著家庭相冊(cè)，童年記憶重回眼前。我們的工作是清除這些垃圾。TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.DetailedAnalysisPartI:Exercises302021/5/9Thereareno

otherAmericansinmyschool.They'verecentlycome

downfromLondontoliveinthevillage.Areyoutryingtohidesomethingfromme?Soon,tinygreenshootswillbreak

throughthesoil'ssurface.Thebookswereallneatlyin

place,carefullyarranged.Ayounggirl'schildhoodmemoriescome

to

lifeasshethumbsthroughherfamilyphotographalbum.Ourjobistoclear

awaytherubbish.SuggestedanswersDetailedAnalysis312021/5/9PartII:MainIdeaWhatdidpeopledoaftereruption?Whatcausedthegreatestlossoflife?Didanyonesurvivethevolcaniceruption?Howdidtheymanagetodoit?WhatwouldyoudoifyouhadbeenthereinPompeii?322021/5/9TextAnalysisDetailedAnalysisPartII:Words&Expressionsbreaklooseblowupbranchoutdieawaygobybeathandmakeone’swaybeinstoreloseconsciousnessshowerofstonesWordsPhrasesSentencePatternGrammarvine-coveredsummitreverberatepumiceoverwhelmclusterpastparticipleasattributive332021/5/9summit(para.9)Otherpopularusagesofsummit:animportantformalmeetingbetweenleadersofgovernmentsfromtwoormorecountriesasummitmeetingWorldleaderswillmeetnextweekfortheirannualeconomicsummit.thehighest,mostsuccessfulormostimportantpointinsomethingIcertainlyhaven'treachedthesummitofmycareer.DetailedAnalysisPartII:WordsandExpression342021/5/9reverberate(para.13)LITERARYIfalouddeepsoundreverberates,itcontinuestobeheardaroundanarea,sothattheareaseemstoshakeThenarrowstreetreverberatedwith/tothesoundoftheworkmen'sdrills.DetailedAnalysis352021/5/9overwhelm(para.18)Thevillagewasoverwhelmed

byashfromthevolcano.村子被火山灰覆蓋。

Whenhesawthedressmaker'sdaughter,hewasoverwhelmed

byherbeauty.當(dāng)他見(jiàn)到了裁縫師的女兒，馬上就對(duì)她的美貌為之傾倒。Iwasoverwhelmed

bythesightofthetomb.我為這陵墓的景象所懾服。Ifonewasoverwhelmed

bypassion,itcouldleadtoseriousblunders.當(dāng)人的感情完全淹沒(méi)理智時(shí)，就可能鑄成大錯(cuò)。DetailedAnalysis362021/5/9cluster(para.19)agroupofsimilarthingsthatareclosetogether,sometimessurroundingsomethingHavealookattheclusterofgalaxiesinthisphotograph.Therewasaclusteroffansaroundhim,askingforautographs.DetailedAnalysis372021/5/9Thesoundoftheexplosiondiedaway,butitstillreverberatedineveryone’sears.(para.13)Evenwhentheloudsoundstopped,peopledidnotrecoverfromtheshock.DetailedAnalysisPartII:SentenceParaphrase382021/5/9Anhourwentbyanddarknessstillshroudedeverything.(para.14)Anhourpassed,thingsdidnotimproveanddarknesscoveredeverything.DetailedAnalysis392021/5/9Rushingthrongs,blindedbythedarknessandthesmoke,rusheduponestreetanddownthenext,tramplingthefalleninacrazyfruitlessdashtowardsafety.(para.17)Peoplepanicked.Theyrushedintothestreetstoescapethefallingbuildings.Itwasdarkandtheairwasfullofsmokesotheycouldnotseewheretheyaregoing.Theyrusheduponestreetanddownthenextinahopelessattempttoreachsafety.Intheirblindrushtheyranoverthebodiesofpeoplewhohadfallendown.DetailedAnalysis402021/5/9TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.一股巨大的力量即將迸發(fā)而出。他只得把火吹旺使它燒起來(lái)。公司的業(yè)務(wù)從汽車(chē)零售擴(kuò)大到汽