古文英譯的重點(diǎn)篇目全匯總

古文英譯得重點(diǎn)篇目全匯總

《道德經(jīng)》

道德經(jīng)1/3/5章英譯文

第一章

道可道，非常道；名可名，非常名。

無(wú)名，天地之始；有名，萬(wàn)物之母。

故常無(wú)欲，以觀其妙；常有欲，以觀其徼。

此兩者，同出而異名，同謂之玄。

玄之又玄，眾妙之門。

ChapterI

Thedivinelawmaybespokenof,

butitisnotthecommonlaw>

Thingsmaybenamed,

butnamesarenotthethings>

Inthebeginningheavenandeartharenameless;

whennamed,allthingsbecomeknown>

Soweshouldbefreefromdesires

inordertounderstandtheinternal

mysteryofthedivinelaw;

andweshouldhavedesires

inordertoobserveitsexternalmanifestations>

Internalmysteryandexternalmanifestations

comefromthesameorigin,

buthavedifferentnames,

Theymaybecalledessence、

Theessentialoftheessence

isthekeytotheunderstandingofallmysteries>

第三章

不尚賢，使民不爭(zhēng)；不貴難得之貨，使民不為盜；不見(jiàn)可欲，使民心不亂。

就是以圣人之治，虛其心，實(shí)其腹；弱其志，強(qiáng)其骨。常使民無(wú)知無(wú)欲，使夫智

不敢為也。為無(wú)為，則無(wú)不治。

Chapter3

Honoronman

asthatnonewouldcontendforhonor>

Valuenoraregoods

sothatnonewouldstealorrob>

Displaynothingdesirable

lestpeoplebetemptedanddisturbed>

Thereforethesagerules

bypurifyingpeople，ssoul,

filingtheirbellies,

weakeningtheirwills

andstrengtheningtheirbones>

Healwayskeepsthemknowledgeless

anddesireless

sothatthecleverdarenotinterfere>

Wherethereisnotinterference,

thereisorder>

第五章

天地不仁，以萬(wàn)物為芻狗；圣人不仁，以百姓為芻狗。

天地之間，其猶橐畬！虛而不屈，動(dòng)而愈出。

多言數(shù)窮，不如守中。

Chapter5

Heavenandearthareruthless,

theytreateverythingasstrawordog^

Thesageisruthless,

hetreatseveryoneasstrawordog>

Arenotheavenandearth

likeapairofbellows?

Empty,itwon，tbeexhausted;

Forced,moreairwillcomeout>

Ifmoreissaidthandone,

itwouldbebettertotakethemean>

道德經(jīng)8/25/29章英譯

第八章

上善若水，水善利萬(wàn)物而不爭(zhēng)。處眾人之所惡，故幾于道。

居善地，心善淵，與善仁，言善信，正善治，事善能，動(dòng)善時(shí)。

夫唯不爭(zhēng)，故無(wú)尤。

Chapter8

Thehighestgoodislikewater

Waterbenefitseverythingbygiving

withouttakingorcontending>

Itlikestheplaceothersdislike,

soitfollowscloselythedivinelaw>

Theplaceshouldbelow,

themindbroad,

thegiftskind,

thespeechtrustworthy,

therulesound,

thedeedwell-done,

theactiontimely、

Withoutcontention,

amanisblameless、

有物混成，先天地生。寂兮寥兮，獨(dú)立不改，周行而不殆，可以為天下母。吾不

知其名，強(qiáng)字之曰道，強(qiáng)為之名曰大。大曰逝，逝日遠(yuǎn)，遠(yuǎn)曰反。

故道大，天大，地大，人亦大。域中有四大，而人居其一焉。

人法地，地法天，天法道，道法自然。

Chapter25

TherewasachaoticlumpthathadbeenformedpriortotheHeavenand

theEarth、Itissoundlessandshapeless,butitexistsindependently

forlongandwouldneverstop>Itmovesinendlesscycles,andcanbe

theoriginofeverythingintheuniverse、Idonotknowitsname,and

makedowiththemarktheDao,ortheWay,andnameitDa,ortheGreat

Itisvastandflowsroundwithoutstopping,andextendstothefarthest,

andthenreturnstoitsorigin、DaisalsocalledShi(i>e、constantly

onthemove)>ShiisalsocalledYuan(i>e>far-reaching),andYuan

isalsocalledFan(i、e、returningtotheverybeginning)

Therefore,theWayisgreat,theHeavenisgreat,theEarthisgreat,the

Manisalsogreat>Intheuniversetherearefourgreats,andtheMan

isoneofthefour>

TheMancopiestheEarthasexample,theEarthcopiestheHeavenasexample,

theHeavencopiestheWayasexample,andtheWayjustcopiestheGreat

Nature、

將欲取天下而為之，吾見(jiàn)其不得已。天下神器，不可為也，不可執(zhí)也。為者敗之，

執(zhí)者失之。就是以圣人無(wú)為故無(wú)敗，無(wú)執(zhí)故無(wú)失。

故物或行或隨，或噓或吹?；驈?qiáng)或羸，或載或栗。就是以圣人去甚，去奢，去泰。

Chapter29

Rulingacountrymustbebasedontheprincipleofnature>Governing

inawaynotaccordingtonaturewillnotwork>

Rulingacountryisamysteriousthing、Itcannotbedonedogmatically>

Norcanitbedonestubbornly>

Doingitdogmaticallywillcausefailure,anddoingitstubbornlywill

causefailuretoo>

People'scharacteristicsaredifferent>Somepeoplearepositiveand

somenegative,somepeoplepreferwarmandsomecool,somepeopleare

strongandsomeweak,somepeopleareinpeaceandsomeindanger>

Therefore,whenasagerulesacountry,hehandlesthingsbasedon

people'suniquecharacteristicsinthemostnaturalway,deletingthe

extremeandsuperfluous,lettingnotalenttobeneglectedandnomaterial

tobewasted>

道德經(jīng)(重點(diǎn)篇目)英譯333436章

知人者智，

自知者明。

勝人者有力，

自勝者強(qiáng)。

知足者富。

強(qiáng)行者有志，

不失其所者久，

死而不亡者壽。

Chapter33

Itiswisdomtoknowothers;

Itisenlightenmenttoknowone'sself>

Theconquerorofmenispowerful;

Themasterofhimselfisstrong、

Itiswealthtobecontent;

Itiswillfultoforceone'swayonothers>

Enduranceistokeepone,splace;

Longlifeitistodieandnotperish>

大道泛兮，

其可左右。

萬(wàn)物恃之以生而不辭，

功成而不名有。

衣養(yǎng)萬(wàn)物而不為主，

常無(wú)欲可名于小；

萬(wàn)物歸焉而不為主，

可名為大。

以其終不自為大，

故能成其大。

Chapter34

TheGreatTaoflowseverywhere,

(Likeaflood)itmaygoleftorright>

Themyriadthingsderivetheirlifefromit,

Anditdoesnotdenythem>

Whenitsworkisaccomplished,

Itdoesnottakepossession、

Itclothesandfeedsthemyriadthings,

Yetdoesnotclaimthemasitsown>

Often(regarded)withoutmindorpassion,

Itmaybeconsideredsmall>

Beingthehomeofallthings,yetclaimingnot,

Itmaybeconsideredgreat>

Becausetotheenditdoesnotclaimgreatness>

Itsgreatnessisachieved、

將欲歙之，

必固張之。

將欲弱之，

必固強(qiáng)之。

將欲廢之，

必固興之。

將欲取之，

必固與之。

就是謂微明。

柔弱勝剛強(qiáng)。

魚(yú)不可脫于淵，

國(guó)之利器，

不可以示人。

Chapter36

Inhale

beforeyouexhale!

Strengthen

whatistobeweakened!

Raise

whatistofall!

Give

beforeyoutake!

Suchisthetwilightbeforetheday>

Thesoftandweakmayovercomethehardandstrong、

Fishshouldnotgooutofdeepwater>

Thesharpestweaponofastate

shouldnotbeshowntoothers>

道德經(jīng)494542章英譯

道生一，

一生二，

二生三，

三生萬(wàn)物。

萬(wàn)物負(fù)陰而抱陽(yáng)，

沖氣以為與。

人之所惡，

唯孤、寡不轂，

而王公以為稱。

故物或損之而益，

或益之而損。

人之所教，

我亦教之，

強(qiáng)梁者不得其死。

吾將以為教父。

Chapter42

TheWaybegotone,

Andtheone,two;

Thenthetwobegotthree

Andthree,allelse>

Allthingsbeartheshadeontheirbacks

Andthesunintheirarms;

Bytheblendingofbreath

Fromthesunandtheshade,

Equilibriumcomestotheworld>

Orphaned,orneedy,ordesolate,these

Areconditionsmuchfearedanddisliked;

Yetinpublicaddress,theking

Andthenoblesaccountthemselvesthus>

Soalosssometimesbenefitsone

Orabenefitprovestobeloss、

Whatothershavetaught

Ialsoshallteach:

Ifaviolentmandoesnotcome

Toaviolentdeath,

Ishallchoosehimtoteachme、大成若缺，

其用不弊；

大盈若沖，

其用不窮。

大直若屈，

大巧若拙，

大辯若訥。

靜勝躁，

寒勝熱。

清靜為天下正。

Chapter45

Perfectiondoesnotseemflawless,

butitcanbeusedforlong>

Whatisfullstillhasvacancy,

butitcanbeusedendlessly、

Thestraightmayseemcrooked;

themostskillfulmayseemclumsy;

themosteloquentmayseemslowofspeech>

Becalmratherthanrash;

becoolratherthanhot>

Serenityistherightwayintheworld>

圣人無(wú)常心，

以百姓心為心。

善者吾善之，

不善者吾亦善之，

德善。

信者吾信之，

不信者吾亦信之，

德信。

圣人在天下，

歙歙焉；為天下渾其心。

百姓皆注其耳目，

圣人皆孩之。

Chapter49

TheSagehasnodecidedopinionsandfeelings,1

Butregardsthepeople'sopinionsandfeelsashisown>

ThegoodonesIdeclaregood;

ThebadonesIalsodeclaregood>

ThatisthegoodnessofVirtue、

ThehonestonesIbelieve;

TheliarsIalsobelieve;

ThatisfaithofVirtue、

TheSagedwellsintheworldpeacefully,harmoniously>

Thepeopleoftheworldarebroughtintoacommunityofheart,

AndtheSageregardsthemallsohisownchildren^

1、Hsin,lit>“heart、"Boththinkingandfeelingaredenotedbythis

word>Itisimpossibletosaya“decidedheart、"

道德經(jīng)第606364章英譯

治大國(guó)，

若烹小鮮。

以道蒞天下，

其鬼不神；

非其鬼不神，

其神不傷人；

非其神不傷人，

圣人亦不傷人。

夫兩不相傷，

故德交歸焉。

Chapter60

Governingagreatstateislikecookingsmallfish>

LetthekingdombegovernedaccordingtotheTao,andthemanesofthe

departedwillnotmanifesttheirspiritualenergy>Itisnotthatthose

maneshavenotthatspiritualenergy,butitwillnotbeemployedtohurt

men>Itisnotthatitcouldnothurtmen,butneitherdoestheruling

sagehurtthem>

Whenthesetwodonotinjuriouslyaffecteachother,theirgoodinfluences

convergeinthevirtue(oftheTao)>

為無(wú)為，

事無(wú)事，

味無(wú)味。

大小多少，

報(bào)怨以德。

圖難于其易，

為大于其細(xì)；

天下難事，

必作于易，

天下大事，

必作于細(xì)。

就是以圣人終不為大，

故能成其大。

夫輕諾必寡信，

多易必多難。

就是以圣人猶難之，

故終無(wú)難矣。

Chapter63

Actthroughnon-action,

Handleaffairsthroughnoninterference,

Tastewhathasnotaste,

Regardthesmallasgreat,thefewasmany,

Repayresentmentwithintegrity、

Undertakedifficulttasksbyapproachingwhatiseasyinthem;

Dogreatdeedsbyfocusingontheirminuteaspects、

Alldifficultiesunderheavenarisefromwhatiseasy,

Allgreatthingsunderheavenarisefromwhatisminute>

Forthisreason,

Thesageneverstrivestodowhatisgreat、

Therefore,

Hecanachievegreatness、

Onewholightlyassentswillseldombebelieved;

Onewhothinkseverythingiseasywillencountermuchdifficulty>

Forthisreason,

Eventhesageconsidersthingsdifficulty

Therefore,

Intheendheiswithoutdifficulty>

其安易持，

其未兆易謀。

其脆易泮，

其微易散。

為之于未有，

治之于未亂。

合抱之木，

生于毫末；

九層之臺(tái)，

起于累土；

千里之行，

始于足下。

為者敗之，

執(zhí)者失之。

就是以圣人無(wú)為故無(wú)??；

無(wú)執(zhí)故無(wú)失。

民之從事，

常于幾成而敗之。

慎終如始，

則無(wú)敗事，

就是以圣人欲不欲，

不貴難得之貨；

學(xué)不學(xué)，

復(fù)眾人之所過(guò)，

以輔萬(wàn)物之自然，

而不敢為。

Chapter64

Whatissecureiseasilygrasped,

Whathasnoomensiseasilyforestalled,

Whatisbrittleiseasilysplit,

Whatisminusculeiseasilydispersed、

Actbeforethereisaproblem;

Bringorderbeforethereisdisorder、

Atreethatfillsthearms'embraceisbornfromadownyshoot;

Aterraceninelayershighstartsfromabasketfulofearth;

Anascentofahundredstridesbeginsbeneathone'sfoot>

Whoactsfails;

Whograspsloses、

Forthisreason,

Thesagedoesnotact>

Therefore,

Hedoesnotfail>

Hedoesnotgrasp>

Therefore,

Hedoesnotlose>

Inpursuingtheiraffairs,peopleoftenfailwhentheyareclosetosuccess>

Therefore,

Ifoneisascautiousattheendasatthebeginning,therewillbeno

failures、

Forthisreason,

Thesagedesirestobewithoutdesireanddoesnotprizegoodsthatare

hardtoobtain;

Helearnsnottolearnandrevertstowhatthemassespassby>

Thus,

hecanhelpthemyriadcreaturesbenatural,butdaresnotact>

道德經(jīng)英譯第6670節(jié)

江海所以能為百谷王者，

以其善下之，

故能為百谷王。

就是以圣人欲上民，

必以言下之；

欲先民，

必以身后之。

就是以圣人處上而民不重，

處前而民不害。

就是以天下樂(lè)推而不厭。

以其不爭(zhēng)，

故天下莫能與之爭(zhēng)。

Chapter66

Theriverandseacanbekingsofthehundredvalleystreamsbecausethey

aregoodatlyingbelowthem>

Forthisreason,

Theycanbekingsofthehundredvalleystrearns>

Forthisreason,too,

Ifthesagewantstobeabovethepeople,

inhiswords,hemustputhimselfbelowthem;

Ifhewishestobebeforethepeople,

inhisperson,hemuststandbehindthem>

Therefore,

Heissituatedinfrontofthepeople,

buttheyarenotoffended;

Heissituatedabovethepeople,

buttheydonotconsiderhimaburden、

Allunderheavenhappilypushhimforwardwithoutwearying>

Isthisnotbecauseheiswithoutcontention?

Therefore,

Nooneunderheavencancontendwithhim>

吾言甚易知，

甚易行。

天下莫能知，

莫能行。

言有宗，

事有君。

夫唯無(wú)知，

就是以不我知。

知我者希，

則我者貴。

就是以圣人被褐懷玉。

Chapter70

Mywordsareveryeasytounderstand,veryeasytopractice、

Butnooneisabletounderstandthem,

Andnooneisabletopracticethem>

Wordshaveauthority>

Affairshaveanancestry>

Itissimplybecauseoftheirignorance,thattheydonotunderstandme;

Thosewhounderstandmearefew,thusIamennobled、

Forthisreason,

Thesagewearscoarseclothingoverhisshoulders,butcarriesjadewithin

hisbosom、

道德經(jīng)73/80

第73、80章

勇于敢，則殺，

勇于不敢，則活。

此兩者或利或害。

天之所惡，

孰知其故？

就是以圣人猶難之。

天之道，

不爭(zhēng)而善勝，

不言而善應(yīng)，

不召而自來(lái)，

^然而善謀。

天網(wǎng)恢恢，

疏而不失。

Chapter73

Hewhoisbraveindaringwillbekilled,

Hewhoisbraveinnotdaringwillsurvive>

Oneofthesetwocoursesisbeneficial,

Theotherisharmful

Whoknowsthereasonforheaven'sdislikes?

TheWayofheaven

doesnotwaryetisgoodatconquering,

doesnotspeakyetisgoodatanswering,

isnotsummonedyetcomesofitself,

isrelaxedyetgoodatmakingplans、

Heaven?snetisvast;

Thoughitsmeshesarewide,nothingescapes、

小國(guó)寡民，

使有什伯之器，

而不用。

使民重死，

而不遠(yuǎn)徙。

雖有舟輿，

無(wú)所乘之。

雖有甲兵，

無(wú)所陳之。

使民復(fù)結(jié)繩而用之。

至治之極。

甘美食，

美其服，

安其居，

樂(lè)其俗。

鄰國(guó)相望，

雞犬之聲相聞，

民至老死

不相往來(lái)。

Chapter80

Lettherebeasmallstatewithfewpeople,

wheremilitarydevicesfindnouse;

Letthepeoplelooksolemnlyupondeath,

andbanishthethoughtofmovingelsewhere^

Theymayhavecartsandboats,

butthereisnoreasontoridethem;

Theymayhavearmorandweapons,

buttheyhavenoreasontodisplaythem、

Letthepeoplegobacktotyingknotstokeeprecords>

Let

theirfoodbesavory,

theirclothesbeautiful,

theircustomspleasurable,

theirdwellingssecure、

Thoughtheymaygazeacrossataneighboringstate,andhearthesounds

ofitsdogsandchickens,

Thepeoplewillnevertravelbackandforth,tilltheydieofoldage>

《孫子兵法與三十六計(jì)》

諸子（孫子兵法：計(jì)篇）英譯

孫子日：

兵者，國(guó)之大事，死生之地，存亡之道，不可不察也。

故經(jīng)之以五事，校之以計(jì)，而索其情：一曰道，二曰天，三曰地，四曰將，五曰

法。道者，令民于上同意，故可與之死，可與之生，而不畏危；天者，陰陽(yáng)、寒

暑、時(shí)制也；地者，遠(yuǎn)近、險(xiǎn)易、廣狹、死生也；將者，智、信、仁、勇、嚴(yán)也；

法者，曲制、官道、主用也。

凡此五者，將莫不聞，知之者勝，不知之者不勝。

故校之以計(jì)而索其情，曰：主孰有道？將孰有能？天地孰得？法令孰行？兵眾孰

強(qiáng)？士卒孰練？賞罰孰明？吾以此知?jiǎng)儇?fù)矣。

將聽(tīng)吾計(jì)，用之必勝，留之；將不聽(tīng)吾計(jì)，用之必?cái)?，去之?/p>

計(jì)利以聽(tīng)，乃為之勢(shì)，以佐其外。勢(shì)者，因利而制權(quán)也。

兵者，詭道也。故能而示之不能，用而示之不用，近而示之遠(yuǎn)，遠(yuǎn)而示之近。利

而誘之，亂而取之，實(shí)而備之，強(qiáng)而避之，怒而撓之，卑而驕之，佚而勞之，親

而離之，攻其無(wú)備，出其不意。此兵家之勝，不可先傳也。

夫未戰(zhàn)而廟算勝者，得算多也；未戰(zhàn)而廟算不勝者，得算少也。多算勝，少算不

勝，而況于無(wú)算乎！吾以此觀之，勝負(fù)見(jiàn)矣。

MakingAssessments

Sunzisaid:

Warisaquestionofvitalimportancetothestate,amatteroflifeand

death,theroadtosurvivalorruin>Hence,itisasubjectwhichcalls

forcarefulstudy>

Toassesstheoutcomeofawar,weneedtoexaminethebelligerentparties

andcomparethemintermsofthefollowingfivefundamentalfactors:

Thefirstistheway（dao道）；thesecond,heaven（tian天）；thethird,

earth（di地）；thefourth,command（jiang將）；andthefifth,rulesand

regulations（fa法）、

By"theway”,Imeanmoralinfluence,orthatwhichcausesthepeopleto

thinkinlinewiththeirsovereignsothattheywillfollowhimthrough

everyvicissitude,whethertoliveortodie,withoutfearofmoralperil、

By"heaven”,Imeantheeffectsofnightandday,ofgoodandbadweather,

ofwinter'scoldandsummer，sheat;inshort,theconductofmilitary

operationsinaccordancewiththechangesofnaturalforces、

By"earth”,Imeandistance,whetheritisgreatorsmall;theterrain,

whetheritistreacherousorsecure;theland,whetheritisopenor

constricted;andtheplace,whetheritportendslifeordeath、

By"command”,Imeanthewisdom,trustworthiness,benevolence,courage

andfirmnessofthecommander>

By"rulesandregulations^,Imeantheprinciplesguidingtheorganization

ofarmyunits,theappointmentandadministrationofofficersandthe

managementofmilitarysuppliesandexpenditures^

Thereisnogeneralwhohasnotheardofthesefivefactors>Yetitis

hewhomastersthemthatwinsandhewhodoesnotthatloses>Therefore,

whenassessingtheoutcomeofawar,comparethetwosidesintermsof

theabovefactorsandappraisethesituationaccordingly>

Findoutwhichsovereignpossessesmoremoralinfluence,whichgeneral

ismorecapable,whichsidehastheadvantagesofheavenandearth,which

armyisbetterdisciplined,whosetroopsarebetterarmedandtrained,

whichcommandismoreimpartialImetingoutrewardsandpunishments,and

Iwillbeabletoforecastwhichsidewillbevictorious>

Thegeneralwhoemploysmyassessmentmethodsisboundtowin;Ishall

thereforestaywithhim>Thegeneralwhodoesnotheedmywordswill

certainlylose;Ishallleavehim>

Havingpaidheedtomyassessmentoftherelativeadvantagesand

disadvantages,thegeneralmustcreateafavorablestrategicsituation

whichwillhelpbringthevictorytofunction>BythisImeanbeing

flexibleandmakingthemostoftheadvantagestogaintheinitiativein

war>

Warisagameofdeception>Therefore,feignincapabilitywheninfact

capable;feigninactivitywhenreadytostrike;appeartobefarawaywhen

actuallynearby,andviceversa、Whentheenemyisgreedyforgains,hand

outabaittolurehim;whenheisindisorder,attackandovercomehim;

whenheboastssubstantialstrength,bedoublypreparedagainsthim;and

whenheisformidable,evadehim>Ifheisgiventoanger,provokehim>

Ifheistimidandcareful,encouragehisarrogance>Ifhisforcesare

rested,wearthemdown>Ifheisunitedasone,dividehim、Attackwhere

heisleastprepared、Takeactionwhenheleastexpectsyou>

Hereinliesastrategist'ssubtletyofcommandwhichisimpossibleto

codifyinhard-and-fastrulesbeforehand>

Hewhomakesfullassessmentofthesituationattheprewarcouncilmeeting

inthetemple(translator，snote:anancientChinesepractice)ismore

likelytowin>Hewhomakesinsufficientassessmentofthesituationat

thismeetingislesslikelytowin、Thisbeingthecase,whatchances

hasheofwinningifhemakesnoassessmentatall?Withmyassessment

method,Icanforecastwhoislikelytoemergeasvictor>

《孫子兵法：作戰(zhàn)》英譯

孫子曰：凡用兵之法，馳車千駟，革車千乘，帶甲十萬(wàn)，千里饋糧。則內(nèi)外之費(fèi)，

賓客之用，膠漆之材，車甲之奉，日費(fèi)千金，然后十萬(wàn)之師舉矣。

其用戰(zhàn)也勝，久則鈍兵挫銳，攻城則力屈，久暴師則國(guó)用不足。夫鈍兵挫銳，屈

力彈貨，則諸侯乘其弊而起，雖有智者，不能善其后矣。故兵聞拙速，未睹巧之

久也。夫兵久而國(guó)利者，未之有也。故不盡知用兵之害者，則不能盡知用兵之利

也。

善用兵者，役不再籍，糧不三載，取用于國(guó)，因糧于敵，故軍食可足也。國(guó)之貧

于師者遠(yuǎn)輸，遠(yuǎn)輸則百姓貧；近師者貴賣，貴賣則百姓財(cái)竭，財(cái)竭則急于丘役。

力屈、財(cái)彈，中原內(nèi)虛其家，百姓之費(fèi)，十去其七；公家之費(fèi)，破軍罷馬，甲胄

矢弩，戟楣蔽櫓，丘牛大車，十去其六。

故智將務(wù)食于敵，食敵一鐘，當(dāng)吾二十鐘；［什忌］桿一石，當(dāng)吾二十石。

故殺敵者，怒也；取敵之利者，貨也。故車戰(zhàn)得車十乘以上，賞其先得者，而更

其旌旗，車雜而乘之，卒善而養(yǎng)之，就是謂勝敵而益強(qiáng)。

故兵貴勝，不貴久。

故知兵之將，生民之司命，國(guó)家安危之主也。

WagingWar

SunziSaid:

Generally,awaroperationrequiresonethousandlightchariots,asmany

heavychariotsandahundredthousandarmouredsoldierswithprovisions

enoughtocarrythemathousandli>Whatwiththeexpensesathomeand

inthefield,stipendsfortheentertainmentofstateguestsand

diplomaticenvoys,thecostofmaterialssuchasglueandlacquer(for

maintenanceofequipment)andsumsforthemaintenanceofchariotsand

armour,thetotalexpenditurewillamounttoonethousandpiecesofgold

aday、Onlyafterallthismoneyisinhandcananarmyofonehundred

thousandmenberaised、

Inawarwhichinvolvessuchahugearmy,themainobjectiveshouldbe

aquickvictory>Ifthewarisprolonged,theweaponswillbeblunted

andthemen，smoralewillbedampened>Whentheystormcities,their

strengthwillbeexhausted、Protractedcampaignswillbeaseriousstrain

onthetreasury>Now,whenyourweaponsarebluntedandyourmorale

dampened,yourstrengthexhaustedandyourtreasuryspent,the

neighboringstateswilltakeadvantageofyourdistressandstrike>In

thatcase,noone,howeverwise,willbeabletoavertthedisastrous

consequenceswhichensue、

Thus,whilewehaveheardofblunderinginseekingswiftdecisionsinwar,

wehaveyettoseeasmartoperationthatdragsonendlessly>Forthere

hasneverbeenaprolongedwarfromwhichacountryhasbenefited>Those

whoarenotfullyawareoftheharminwagingwarareequallyunableto

understandfullythemethodofconductingwaradvantageously>

Thoseadeptinwagingwardonotrequireasecondconscriptionor

replenishmentofprovisionsfromthehomecountry>Theyobtaintheir

militarysuppliesfromhomebutcommandeerprovisionsfromtheenemy

territory>Thustheirarmywillalwaysbeplentifullysupplied>When

acountryisimpoverishedbymilitaryoperations,itisbecauseofthe

longdistancetransportationinvolved、Transportingsuppliesoverlong

distancesrenderthepeopledestitute、Proximityofanarmycausesprices

togoup,andhighpricesareadrainonthepeople,sresources>When

theresourcesareexhausted,exactionsandleviesareboundtoincrease、

Withmilitarystrengththusdepletedandwealthconsumed,thepeople，s

homeswillbestrippedbare、Seventypercentofthepeople，sincomeis

dissipatedandsixtypercentofthegovernment，srevenuegoestopayfor

maintenanceofbrokendownchariots,worn-outhorses,armourandhelmets,

arrowsandcrossbows,halberdsandbucklers,spearsandshields,draught

oxenandheavywagons

Therefore,awisegeneraldoeshisbesttofeedhistroopsontheenemy's

grain,foronezhong(1,000litres)ofgrainobtainedfromenemyterritory

isequivalentto20zhongshippedfromhomecountry,andonedan(60kilos)

offodderfromenemyterritoryto20danfromhome>

Inordertoemboldenyourmentoannihilatetheenemy,youmustboosttheir

morale;inordertoencourageyourmentoseizeenemyprovisions,youmust

givethemmaterialrewards>Therefore,inachariotbattle,whenmore

thantenchariotshavebeencaptured,rewardthosewhocapturedthefirst

oneandreplacetheenemybannersandflagswithyourown>Thecaptured

chariotsshouldbeusedtogetherwithyours>Prisonerofwarshouldbe

treatedkindlyandtakenintoyourranks>Thisiswhatismeantbyboosting

one'sownstrengthintheprocessofoverpoweringtheenemy、

So,whatisimportantinwarisquickvictory,notprolongedoperations>

Thus,thecommanderwhoknowshowtoconductawaristhearbiterofthe

people，sfate,themanonwhomthenation'ssecuritydepends>

古文英譯-孫子兵法《謀攻》

孫子曰：凡用兵之法，全國(guó)為上，破國(guó)次之；全軍為上，破軍次之；全旅為上，

破旅次之；全卒為上，破卒次之；全伍為上，破伍次之。

就是故百戰(zhàn)百勝，非善之善也；不戰(zhàn)而屈人之兵，善之善者也。故上兵伐謀，其

次伐交，其次伐兵，其下攻城。攻城之法為不得已。修櫓幅編具器械、三月而

后成，距又三月而后已。將不勝其忿，而蟻附之，殺士三分之一而城不拔者，

此攻之災(zāi)也。故善用兵者，屈人之兵而非戰(zhàn)也，拔人之城而非攻也，毀人之國(guó)而

非久也，必以全爭(zhēng)于天下，故兵不頓而利可全，此謀攻之法也。

故用兵之法，十則圍之，五則攻之，倍則分之，敵則能戰(zhàn)之，少則能逃之，不若

則能避之。故小敵之堅(jiān)，大敵之擒也。

夫?qū)⒄?，?guó)之輔也。輔周則國(guó)必強(qiáng)，輔隙則國(guó)必弱。故君之所以患于軍者三：不

知軍之不可以進(jìn)而謂之進(jìn)，不知軍之不可以退而謂之退，就是為縻軍；不知三軍

之事而同三軍之政者，則軍士惑矣；不知三軍之權(quán)而同三軍之任，則軍士疑矣。

三軍既惑且疑，則諸侯之難至矣，就是謂亂軍引勝。

故知?jiǎng)儆形澹褐梢詰?zhàn)與不可以戰(zhàn)者勝；識(shí)眾寡之用者勝；上下同欲者勝；以虞

待不虞者勝；將能而君不御者勝。此五者，知?jiǎng)僦酪病９试唬褐褐?，百?zhàn)

不貽；不知彼而知己，一勝一負(fù)；不知彼不知己，每戰(zhàn)必貽。

AttackingbyStratagem

Sunzisaid:

Generallyinwar,thebestpolicyistotaketheenemystatewholeand

intact,todestroyitisnot、Tohavetheenemy，sarmysurrenderinits

entiretyisbetterthantocrushit;likewise,totakeabattalion,a

companyorafive-mansquadintactisbetterthantodestroyit>

Therefore,tofightahundredbattlesandwineachandeveryoneofthem

isnotthewisestthingtodo、Tobreaktheenemy，sresistancewithout

fightingis>Thus,thebestpolicyinwaristothwarttheenemy'sstrategy>

Thesecondbestistodisrupthisalliancesthroughdiplomaticmeans>

Thethirdbestistoattackhisarmyinthefield、Theworstpolicyof

allistoattackwalledcities、Attackawalledcityonlywhenthereis

noalternative>Forittakesatleastthreemonthstomakemantletsand

shieldedvehiclesreadyandpreparethenecessaryarmsandequipment;for

ittakesanotherthreemonthstobuildtheearthenmoundsforsoldiers

toascendthewalls>Thecommanderwholoseshisimpatienceordershis

troopstoassaultlikeswarmingants,withtheresultthatonethirdof

hismenareslainandthecityremainuntaken、Suchisthecalamityof

attackingwalledcities>Therefore,hewhoisskilledinwarsubduesthe

enemy，sarmywithoutfighting、Hecapturestheenemy，scitieswithout

assaultingthem>Heoverthrowstheenemykingdomwithoutprolonged

operationsinthefield>Bytakingallunderheavenwithhis"wholeand

intactstrategy,/zhewinstotalvictorywithoutwearingouthistroops>

Thisisthemethodofattackingbystratagem、

Consequently,theartofusingtroopsis:whenyououtnumbertheenemy

tentoone,surroundhim;whenfivetoone,attackhim;whentwotoone,

dividehim;andifequallymatched,standuptohim>(tr、:Anotherversion

ofthetextreads"whentwotoone,standuptohim;andifequallymatched,

dividehim、〃)Ifyouarefewerthantheenemyinnumber,retreat、If

youarenomatchforhim,trytoeludehim>Fornomatterhowstubbornly

asmallforcemayfight,itmustintheendsuccumbtogreaterstrength

andfallcaptivetoit、

Thecommanderisthecountry'sbulwark>Hisproficiencyinwarcanmake

thecountrystrong,hisdeficiencymakesitweak^Therearethreeways

bywhichasovereignmaybringdisastertohisarmy:One,hearbitrarily

ordershisarmytoadvanceorretreatwheninfactitshouldnot,thus

hamperingtheinitiativeofthearmy>Two,heinterfereswiththe

administrationofthearmywhenheisignorantofitsinternalaffairs,

thuscausingconfusionamongtheofficersandmen>Three,heinterferes

withtheofficers，command,unawareoftheprinciplethatanarmyshould

adoptdifferenttacticsaccordingtodifferentcircumstances>Thiswill

createmisgivingsinthemindsoftheofficersandmen>Whenanarmyis

confusedandfraughtwithmisgivings,neighboringstateswilltake

advantageofthesituationandattack、Thiswilldisruptthearmyand

helptheenemytowin、

Therefore,therearefivefactorstoconsiderinanticipatingwhichside

willwin,namely:Thesidewhichknowswhentofightandwhennottowill

win;Thesidewhichknowsthedifferencebetweencommandingalargearmy

andasmal1armywillwin;Thesidewhichhasunityofpurposeamongits

officersandmenwillwin;Thesidewhichengagese