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2015年揚(yáng)州大學(xué)翻譯碩士英語(yǔ)真題試卷(總分:94.00,做題時(shí)間:90分鐘)一、Vocabulary(總題數(shù):30,分?jǐn)?shù):60.00)l.CentralparkofNewYorkisinplacesgrasslessandfilledwithtrash,nolongeryetlivelywiththenoiseandvivacityofpeople.(分?jǐn)?shù):2.00)A.pristineVB.spoiledC.squalorD.carnival解析:解析:本題考查形容詞或名詞辨析。pristine為形容詞,意為“處于原始狀態(tài)的;新鮮的,干凈的”。spoiled為形容詞,意為“被寵壞的"。squalor為名詞,意為“骯臟,邋遢;惡劣條件"。carnival是名詞,意為“狂歡節(jié),嘉年華;節(jié)日,聯(lián)歡”。根據(jù)空格后的形容詞lirely可排除[C]項(xiàng)和[D]項(xiàng)。根據(jù)空格前的filledwithtrash和nolonger判斷,空格處所填詞應(yīng)表示積極意義,故答案為[A]項(xiàng)。句意為:紐約的中央公園內(nèi)有些地方已寸草不生、垃圾遍地,無復(fù)當(dāng)年的清新質(zhì)樸之氣,然而依舊人聲嘈雜、生意盎然。2.It'struethattheoldroadislessdirectandabitlonger.Wewon,ttakethenewone,becausewedon,tfeelassafeonit.(分?jǐn)?shù):2.00)A.somehowB.thoughVC.thereforeD.otherwise解析:解析:本題考查副詞。somehow意為“不知怎么地;以某種方式,用某種方法"。though意為“可是,不過,然而",常放于句末。therefore意為“所以,因此”。otherwise意為“否則,不然;除此以外”。根據(jù)空格前的“不愿意走新路”推斷,空格所在句與前一句為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,空后句則解釋了不愿意走新路的原因,故答案為[B]項(xiàng)。3.Tohisinquiryifshewerehurt,shemadesomeincoherentreplyshedidnotknow.(分?jǐn)?shù):2.00)A.totheefficiencythatB.totheeffectthatVC.totheextentthatD.tothebestthat解析:解析:本題考查固定用法。totheeffectthat意為“大意是”,故答案為[B]項(xiàng)。句意為:他問她是否受了傷,她語(yǔ)無倫次地回答說她不知道。.Modernsocietyhaschangedpeople,snaturalrelations,loosenedtheirresponsibilitiestokinandneighbors,andsubstitutedintheirplacesuperficialrelationshipspassingacquaintances.(分?jǐn)?shù):2.00)A.for;withB.with;withC./;withVD.with;for解析:解析:本題考查介詞辨析。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,and連接三個(gè)并列的動(dòng)作(changed,loosened,substituted),故第一空后受形容詞superficial修飾的名詞relationships為substituted的賓語(yǔ),此外在substituteAforB的用法中,for后接的是被代替項(xiàng)而不是代替項(xiàng),所以空格處不用介詞。第二空表示“與,跟”,故答案為[C]項(xiàng)。句意為:現(xiàn)代社會(huì)已改變了人們的自然關(guān)系,使他們的親情和鄰里觀念變得淡薄,取而代之的是彼此之間萍水相逢的表面關(guān)系。.Theancestorsofalllivingspecieswerethebest-adaptedindividualsoftheirday,justasfuturebeing,ifnaturalselectionisallowedtorunitscourse,thebest-adaptedindividualsoftoday.(分?jǐn)?shù):2.00)A.willevolvetoB.hasevolvedtoC.willevolvefromVD.hasevolvedfrom解析:解析:本題考查語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句修飾整個(gè)主句,意為“正如……”。定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)是futurebeing,結(jié)合if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句可知,定語(yǔ)從句中應(yīng)使用將來時(shí)。動(dòng)詞evolve后常接介詞from,故答案為[C]項(xiàng)。.Farfrom,thetravelerfeltsouncomfortablewehardlyspoke.(分?jǐn)?shù):2.00)A.beingrelaxedVB.relaxedC.relaxingD.havingrelaxed解析:解析:本題考查語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。farfrom意為“遠(yuǎn)離……”,用于引申義,意為“遠(yuǎn)非,決不”,其后可接名詞、動(dòng)名詞、形容詞等。"放松”是人的感受,應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞的過去分詞,排除relaxing。havingrelaxed為兩個(gè)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞連用,不符合語(yǔ)法規(guī)則,可排除。因此,答案為[A]項(xiàng)。句意為:旅客和我非但沒有放松,反而都感覺很不自在,幾乎沒有說話。.NoheroofancientormoderndayscansurpasstheIndianwithhisloftycontemptofdeathandthewithwhichhesustainsitscrudestaffliction.(分?jǐn)?shù):2.00)A.regardB.fortitudeVC.aweD.reverence解析:解析:本題考查名詞辨析。regard意為“尊重;注意;關(guān)心”,為正式用詞,與respect和honor近義。fortitude意為“剛毅;堅(jiān)忍”。awe意為“敬畏;畏懼;驚嘆;驚懼"。reverence意為“尊敬;崇敬;敬意”,帶有敬畏的成分??涨疤岬?,與印第安人相比,無論是古代還是現(xiàn)在的英雄都無人超越,含有印第安人最有英雄氣概的意思。再結(jié)合空前的and可知,連接的兩個(gè)并列的名詞短語(yǔ),前面的10ftycontemptfordeath(面對(duì)死亡以一種高貴的氣質(zhì)予以蔑視),空格處應(yīng)填正面意義的名詞,可排除awe。regard和reverence意義相同,也可排除。因此,答案為[B]項(xiàng)。句意為:古代和現(xiàn)代英雄中,沒有人超過這位印第安人,因?yàn)樗甙恋孛暌曀劳?,?jiān)強(qiáng)地忍受最殘酷的折磨。.Suchvirtuesas,hardwork,andsimplicityappearoldfashionedthesedays.(分?jǐn)?shù):2.00)A.common;parsimonyB.homely;thriftVC.fundamental;prodigalityD.quaint;wantonness解析:解析:本題考查形容詞和名詞辨析。根據(jù)第二個(gè)空格后的hardwork,andsimplicity(勤勞和簡(jiǎn)樸)可知,第二空應(yīng)填表示積極意義的詞,排除[A]項(xiàng)中的parsimony(慳吝,吝嗇,小氣)、[C]項(xiàng)中的prodigality(浪費(fèi),揮霍)和[D]項(xiàng)中的wantonness(淫亂,放蕩)。因此,答案為homely;thriftohomely意為“簡(jiǎn)單的,普通的,家常的",thrift意為“節(jié)儉,節(jié)約”。.Themostusefulwayoflookingatamapisnotasapieceofpaper,butasarecordof.(分?jǐn)?shù):2.00)A.organizedgeographicalinformationB.geographicalorganizedinformationC.geographicallyorganizedinformationVD.organizinginformationgeographically解析:解析:本題考查形容詞和副詞共同修飾名詞時(shí)的順序。分析四個(gè)選項(xiàng)可知,organized是過去分詞,作定語(yǔ),修飾information,副詞geographically修飾動(dòng)詞變來的過去分詞organized,所以[C]項(xiàng)正確。句意為:看地圖的最有效方式是不把它看作是一張紙,而看作是組織起來的地理信息的記錄。.Theadvocatesofanarchyareignoringthesuchaformofgovernmentwillbringwithit.(分?jǐn)?shù):2.00)A.chaosVB.autocracyC.republicanismD.tyranny解析:解析:本題考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)空格前的anarchy(無政府狀態(tài),混亂狀態(tài))判斷,會(huì)導(dǎo)致社會(huì)混亂,故答案為chaos(混亂,紊亂)。autocracy意為“專制統(tǒng)治,獨(dú)裁政體"。republicanism意為“共和主義”。[D]tyranny意為“暴政,苛政,專制”。.ThehealthadministrativedepartmentofacitywithdistrictsshalldesignateatleastonemedicalinstitutiontotakeandtreatAIDSvictimsandAIDSviruscarriers.(分?jǐn)?shù):2.00)A.illegibleB.legibleC.eligibleVD.ineligible解析:解析:本題考查形容詞辨析。illegible意為“難以辨認(rèn)的,無法辨識(shí)的,字跡模糊的"。legible意為“(字跡)可辨認(rèn)的,易讀的"。eligible意為“有條件被選中的,有恰當(dāng)資格的"。ineligible意為“(按法律或規(guī)定)無資格的,不合格的”。根據(jù)空格后的“接受并治療艾滋病患者和艾滋病病毒攜帶者”推斷,只有有資質(zhì)的醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)才能承擔(dān)這項(xiàng)工作,故答案為eligible。.Goodnewswassometimesreleasedprematurely,withtheBritishrecaptureoftheporthalfadaybeforethedefendersactuallysurrendered.(分?jǐn)?shù):2.00)A.toannounceB.announcedVC.announcingD.wasannounced解析:解析:本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,第二個(gè)分句是with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。此結(jié)構(gòu)中,復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作介詞with的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ),復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中第一部分賓語(yǔ)由名詞或代詞充當(dāng),第二部分補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)由形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞不定式或分詞充當(dāng),分詞可以是現(xiàn)在分詞,也可以是過去分詞。題干中recaptureoftheport(收復(fù)港口)這一消息應(yīng)該是被宣布,因此應(yīng)用過去分詞表示被動(dòng)。因此,答案為[B]項(xiàng)。.AlthoughIamnota(n),IaminterestedintracingtheoriginofEnglish.(分?jǐn)?shù):2.00)A.entomologist;phrasesB.graphologist;pronunciationC.archaeologist;structuresD.etymologist;wordsV解析:解析:本題考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)第二個(gè)分句中的theoriginofEnglish判斷,第一空應(yīng)與語(yǔ)言有關(guān),四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有[D]項(xiàng)中的etymologist(詞源學(xué)家,語(yǔ)源學(xué)家)符合要求。entomologist意為“昆蟲學(xué)家",graphologist意為“筆跡學(xué)家,筆跡專家”,archaeologist意為"考古學(xué)家”,均與語(yǔ)言無關(guān),故均排除。.Thosepeopleageneralunderstandingofthepresentsituation.(分?jǐn)?shù):2.00)A.lackofB.arelackingofC.lack-JD.areinlack解析:解析:本題考查lack作動(dòng)詞的用法。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空格處為句子的謂語(yǔ)。lack作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),后直接接賓語(yǔ),意為“缺乏,缺少”;也可用于belackinginsth.結(jié)構(gòu)。lack作名詞時(shí),常用于lackofsth.結(jié)構(gòu)。因此,答案為[C]項(xiàng)。句意為:那些人缺乏對(duì)當(dāng)前形勢(shì)的全面了解。15.IwassopreoccupiedwiththebookthatIwasofthesurroundings.(分?jǐn)?shù):2.00)A.negligibleB.discernedC.ignorantD.obliviousJ解析:解析:本題考查形容詞詞義辨析。negligible意為“可忽略不計(jì)的,微不足道的"。discerned意為“看出;辨明"。ignorant意為“不知道的;無知的,愚昧的"。oblivious意為“不在意的,未覺察到的”。根據(jù)空前的preoccupiedwiththebook(全神貫注于那本書)推斷,應(yīng)該是沒有注意到周圍的環(huán)境,故答案為[D]項(xiàng)。.aslightlimpheseemedfit;hecouldrunaway,butnotveryfast.(分?jǐn)?shù):2.00)A.ExceptB.ExceptforJC.NothingbutD.Ratherthan解析:解析:本題考查介詞短語(yǔ)詞義辨析。Exceptfor用于表示對(duì)主要部分的肯定和對(duì)局部的否定,不表示同類事物之間的關(guān)系,意為“除了……以外;除去為了……;如果不是,若非"?!癳xceptfor+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)一般可以改寫成“except+that從句”。Nothingbut的基本含義是“只是,僅僅”,有時(shí)可以分開用。Ratherthan意為“而不是,而沒有”,側(cè)重客觀上的差別,還可以表示“與其……,倒不如(寧可)……”側(cè)重句子主語(yǔ)或說話人主觀上的選擇。根據(jù)空格后的heseemedfit(他身體還是健康的)推斷,空格處應(yīng)表示“除了",排除[C]項(xiàng)和[D]項(xiàng)。因此,答案為[B]項(xiàng)。.TheoutbreakoftheEbolavirusinAfricacouldbethepoormedicalapparatus,ineffectivequarantinepolicyandunrestsocialconditions.(分?jǐn)?shù):2.00)A.putawaytoB.putbacktoC.putdowntoJD.putthroughto解析:解析:本題考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。putaway意為“放好,收起";putback意為“放回;推遲;撥回”。putdownto意為“歸因于”,符合“匱乏的醫(yī)療器械、無效的檢疫政策和動(dòng)蕩的社會(huì)環(huán)境應(yīng)該是造成病毒爆發(fā)的原因”的語(yǔ)義,故答案為putdownto。putthroughto意為“為……接通電話”。18.Ittookusonlyafewhourstothepaperoffallfourwalls.(分?jǐn)?shù):2.00)A.shearB.scrapeJC.strokeD.chip解析:解析:本題考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)空格后的thepaperoffallfourwalls(四面墻上的紙下來)判斷,應(yīng)該是從墻上把紙刮下來,故答案為scrape((尤指用鋒利物)刮落,削掉,擦掉)。shear意為“剪(羊毛、頭發(fā)等)"。stroke意為“輕撫”;chip意為“削(或鑿)下(屑片或碎片)”。19.Themanagertriedtowaveasidetheseissuesasdetailsthatwouldbesettledlater.(分?jǐn)?shù):2.00)A.alternateB.versatileC.preliminaryD.trivialV解析:解析:本題考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)空格前的waveaside(對(duì)……置之不理)和空格后的定語(yǔ)從句thatwouldbesettledlater(稍后處理)可知,經(jīng)理認(rèn)為這些事情不重要,故答案為trivial(瑣碎的,不重要的)。句意為:經(jīng)理試圖把這些事情放在一邊,認(rèn)為它們不過是些無關(guān)緊要的細(xì)節(jié),可以稍后再行處理。alternate意為“交替的,輪流的;間隔的"。versatile意為“多才多藝的;有多種技能的"。preliminary意為“預(yù)備的,初步的”。20.Sheusedtobeterriblyshy,butayearabroadcompletelyher.(分?jǐn)?shù):2.00)A.alteredB.shiftedC.convertedD.transformedV解析:解析:本題考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)句意“她過去十分靦腆,但是在國(guó)外待了一年以后完全……了她”可知,是過去與在國(guó)外待了一年后的比較,應(yīng)該發(fā)生了變化,故答案為[D]項(xiàng)。altered意為“改變;變更;更改”,常指輕微的改變,強(qiáng)調(diào)基本上保持原物、原狀的情況下所進(jìn)行的部分改變。shifted意為“轉(zhuǎn)移;改變;轉(zhuǎn)向;推卸”,側(cè)重位置與方向的改變。converted意為“(使)改變;更改;(使)轉(zhuǎn)變”,指進(jìn)行全部或局部改變以適應(yīng)新的功能或用途,指信仰或態(tài)度時(shí),強(qiáng)調(diào)較激烈、大的改變。transformed意為“使改觀,改革”,指人或物在形狀、外觀、形式、性質(zhì)等方面發(fā)生的徹底變化,失去原狀成為全新的東西,符合語(yǔ)義,故為答案。21.ItdispleasesmyparentswhenRichardandIstayoutlateeverynight.Myparentsdon'tapprove.(分?jǐn)?shù):2.00)A.ofmeandRichardstayingoutlateeverynightB.ofRichardandmestayingoutlateeverynight VC.ofRichard'sandmystayingoutlateeverynightD.whenRichardandmestayoutlateeverynight解析:解析:本題考查固定用法。approveofone's/sb.(doing)sth.為固定用法,意為“贊成某人(做)某事”。英語(yǔ)中,單數(shù)人稱代詞通常按“二三一”排列,即you,heandI;復(fù)數(shù)人稱代詞通常按“一二三”排列,即we,youandthey。因此,答案為[B]項(xiàng)。.AlmostasatotherevivalofGreekknowledgeandvaluescametherevivalofinterestinmathematics.(分?jǐn)?shù):2.00)A.corollaryVB.consequenceC.outcomeD.result解析:解析:本題考查名詞辨析。corollary意為“必然的結(jié)果(推論)",側(cè)重于推論,指由定理立即可推知的結(jié)果。consequence意為“結(jié)果,后果;重要(性)",多指隨某一事件引起的,必然或自然的不良結(jié)果,不強(qiáng)調(diào)直接的因果關(guān)系,而側(cè)重事件發(fā)展的邏輯關(guān)系。outcome意為“結(jié)果”,普通用詞,多指事物經(jīng)過一系列發(fā)展變化所導(dǎo)致的最終結(jié)局,而不是某種原因的直接結(jié)果,??膳cresult通用。results意為“結(jié)果,效果”,普通用詞,含義廣泛,側(cè)重因某種原因所產(chǎn)生的最終結(jié)果,而不是眼前的結(jié)果。根據(jù)“對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)興趣的恢復(fù)幾乎是希臘文化和價(jià)值復(fù)興的必然結(jié)果”可知,答案為corollary。.foryourlaziness,youcouldhavefinishedtheassignmentbynow.(分?jǐn)?shù):2.00)A.ItwerenotB.Weren'titC.HaditnotbeenVD.Hadnotitbeen解析:解析:本題考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣的倒裝。根據(jù)主句的謂語(yǔ)couldhavefinished可知,句子屬于與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣,所以,虛擬條件句應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí),可將助動(dòng)詞had置于主語(yǔ)前構(gòu)成倒裝。因此,答案為[C]項(xiàng)。.Mr.GoresaystheincreasingofbushfiresinAustraliaisanexampleofhowquicklytheclimateischanging.(分?jǐn)?shù):2.00)A.viciousnessB.ferocityVC.maliciousnessD.malevolence解析:解析:本題考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)空前的increasing和空后的bushfires判斷,空格處應(yīng)表示叢林大火肆虐,故答案為ferocity(兇猛,狂暴,激烈)。句意為:戈?duì)栂壬硎?,澳大利亞不斷增加的叢林大火的肆虐是氣候變化的速度有多快的例證之一。viciousness意為“惡意,邪惡,歹毒"。maliciousness意為“惡意”。malevolence意為“惡意,狠毒”。.Heknowslittleofglobalwarming,ofCOP15heldinCopenhagen.(分?jǐn)?shù):2.00)A.andstilllessVB.aswellasC.andstillmoreD.nolessthan解析:解析:本題考查習(xí)慣用法。andstillless為習(xí)慣用法,意為“更不用說”,相當(dāng)于letalone,nottospeakof。aswellas意為“和 一樣好”時(shí),第一個(gè)as是副詞,第二個(gè)as是連詞,引導(dǎo)一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句,表示同級(jí)比較;意為“不但……而且……”,"既……又……”時(shí),相當(dāng)于notonly…butalso…。它所連接的部分既可以是單詞、短語(yǔ),也可以是句子。值得注意的是,在AaswellasB的結(jié)構(gòu)里,語(yǔ)義的重點(diǎn)在A,不在B。用作介詞時(shí),意為“除了……之外,還有”,后常接名詞或動(dòng)名詞,相當(dāng)于besides,apartfrom,inadditionto。沒有andstillmore這種表達(dá)。nolessthan意為“多達(dá),有 之多(強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量之多);簡(jiǎn)直,與……沒差別”。題干“他對(duì)全球氣候變暖知道得很少,……《聯(lián)合國(guó)氣候變化框架公約》第十五次締約方會(huì)議”表明,“他”對(duì)后者更不知道,故答案為[A]項(xiàng)。.WemustnotgetawaywithjusthavingthisthinghangoverforanotherfouryearsandhaveuswiththeArabworld.(分?jǐn)?shù):2.00)A.atoddsVB.inprogressC.ontherocksD.onwings解析:解析:本題考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。atodds意為“與……不和,與……爭(zhēng)吵,與……不一致"。inprogress意為“進(jìn)行中;半路"。ontherocks意為“觸礁的;(婚姻)瀕于破裂的"。onwings意為“(高興得)飄飄欲仙”。根據(jù)空后的theArabworld推斷,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有[A]項(xiàng)atodds(與……不和,與……爭(zhēng)吵,與……不一致)符合語(yǔ)義,故為答案。.Thereisarealpossibilitythattheseanimalscouldbefrightened,asuddenloudnoise.(分?jǐn)?shù):2.00)A.beingthereB.shouldtherebeVC.therewasD.therehavingbeen解析:解析:本題考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣的倒裝。分析句子可知,本題是省略了if的虛擬語(yǔ)氣句,可將助動(dòng)詞提到句首引起倒裝。與將來事實(shí)相反,從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”。故答案為[B]項(xiàng)。本句可改寫為:Ifthereshouldbeasuddenloudnoise,theseanimalscouldbefrightened。[A]項(xiàng)為分詞短語(yǔ),常作原因狀語(yǔ),故排除;兩個(gè)分句間沒有連詞,故排除[C]項(xiàng)和[D]項(xiàng)。.explanations,suchasblamingobesityonadropinfatconsumption,ignorescientificreality.(分?jǐn)?shù):2.00)A.SimpleB.SimplisticVC.ComplexD.Complicated解析:解析:本題考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)題干中的“比如把肥胖歸咎于脂肪消耗減少這樣……的解釋,且忽略了科學(xué)實(shí)質(zhì)”可知,解釋過于簡(jiǎn)單,故答案為Simplistic((把問題、局面等)過分簡(jiǎn)單化的)。Simple意為“簡(jiǎn)單的,簡(jiǎn)易的”,指事物本身的狀態(tài)就是簡(jiǎn)單的、不復(fù)雜的、不難懂的,從而容易被理解的事物。Complex意為“復(fù)雜的,難懂的"。Complicated意為“復(fù)雜的,難懂的”,具有complex的一切意義,但更強(qiáng)調(diào)復(fù)雜得難以解釋或理解,強(qiáng)調(diào)各部分之間的細(xì)微關(guān)系。.Thenewsoftheaircrashwasreportedrightaway,butthewerenotdisclosed.(分?jǐn)?shù):2.00)A.causesVB.reasonsC.originsD.sources解析:解析:本題考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)第一個(gè)分句中的aircrash(飛機(jī)失事)推斷,第二個(gè)分句說的是失事的原因還未透露,故首先排除[C]項(xiàng)origins(起源,由來,來源,起因)和[D]項(xiàng)sources(來源,出處)。飛機(jī)失事的原因并非結(jié)論性的,故排除reasons。因此,答案為[A]項(xiàng)。causes意為“原因,起因",指直接導(dǎo)致事情發(fā)生的原因,與所發(fā)生的事有因果關(guān)系;reasons意為“原因,理由”,強(qiáng)調(diào)指從邏輯推理上得出的結(jié)論性原因,不是直接說明起因。.Soinvolvedwiththeircomputersthatleadersatsummercomputercampsoftenhavetoforcethemtobreakforsportsandgames.(分?jǐn)?shù):2.00)A.becamethechildrenB.becomethechildrenC.hadthechildrenbecomeD.dothechildrenbecomeV解析:解析:本題考查倒裝。so…that結(jié)構(gòu)中,“so+狀語(yǔ)”位于句首表強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí),使用部分倒裝,即助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、be動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)前。根據(jù)句中的often可知,說的是一般的情況,應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),故答案為[D]項(xiàng)。原句是:Thechildrenbecomesoinvolvedwiththeircomputersthatleadersatsummercomputercampsoftenhavetoforcethemtobreakforsportsandgames句意為:這些孩子如此沉迷于電腦以至于在暑期電腦集訓(xùn)營(yíng)中領(lǐng)導(dǎo)們不得不強(qiáng)迫孩子們休息下做體育運(yùn)動(dòng)、玩玩游戲。二、ReadingComprehension(總題數(shù):4,分?jǐn)?shù):32.00)Itishardtopredicthowscienceisgoingtoturnout,andifitisreallygoodscience,itisimpossibletopredict.Ifthethingstobefoundareactuallynew,theyarebydefinitionunknowninadvance.Youcannotmakechoiceinthismatter.Youeitherhavescienceoryoudon,t,andifyouhaveityouareobligedtoacceptthesurprisinganddisturbingpiecesofinformation,alongwiththeneatandpromptlyusefulbits.TheonlysolidpieceofscientifictruthaboutwhichIfeeltotallyconfidentisthatweareprofoundlyignorantaboutnature.Indeed,Iregardthisasthemajordiscoveryofthepasthundredyearsofbiology.Itis,initsway,anilluminatingpieceofnews.Itwouldhaveamazedthebrightestmindsofthe18thcenturyEnlightenmenttobetoldbyanyofushowlittleweknowandhowbewilderingseemsthewayahead.Itisthissuddenconfrontationwiththedepthandscopeofignorancethatrepresentsthemostsignificantcontributionof20thcenturysciencetothehumanintellect.Inearliertimes,weeitherpretendedtounderstandhowthingsworkedorignoredtheproblem,orsimplymadeupstoriestofillthegaps.Nowthatwehavebegunexploringinearnest,wearegettingglimpsesofhowhugethequestionsare,andhowfarfrombeinganswered.Becauseofthis,wearedepressed.Itisnotsobadbeingignorantifyouaretotallyignorant;thehardthingisknowinginsomedetailtherealityofignorance,theworstspotsandhereandtherethenot-so-badspots,butnotruelightattheendofthetunnelnorevenanytunnelsthatcanyetbetrusted.Butwearemakingabeginning,andthereoughttobesomesatisfaction.Thereareprobablynoquestionswecanthinkupthatcan'tbeanswered,soonerorlater,includingeventhematterofconsciousness.Tobesure,theremaywellbequestionswecan'tthinkup,ever,andthereforelimitstothereachofhumanintellect,butthatisanothermatter.Withinourlimitsweshouldbeabletoworkourwaythroughtoallouranswers,ifwekeepatitlongenough,andpayattention.(分?jǐn)?shù):8.00)(1).Accordingtotheauthor,reallygoodscience.(分?jǐn)?shù):2.00)A.wouldsurprisethebrightestmindsofthe18thcenturyEnlightenmentB.willhelppeopletomaketherightchoiceinadvanceC.willproduceresultswhichcannotbeforeseenVD.willbringaboutdisturbingresults解析:解析:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的reallygoodscience將本題出處定位于第一段第一句。本句中提到,很難預(yù)測(cè)科學(xué)的結(jié)果是怎樣出現(xiàn)的,如果是真正的科學(xué),那是根本不可能預(yù)測(cè)的,故答案為[C]項(xiàng)。(2).Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatscientistsofthe18thcentury.(分?jǐn)?shù):2.00)A.knewthattheywereignorantandwantedtoknowmoreaboutnatureB.wereafraidoffacinguptotherealitiesofscientificresearchC.didmoreharmthangoodinpromotingman'sunderstandingofnatureD.thoughtthattheyknewagreatdealandcouldsolvemostproblemsofscienceV解析:解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干中的the18thcentury將本題出處定位于第二段第四句。本句指出,如果我們告訴18世紀(jì)啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)的一些最聰明的人說,我們知道的其實(shí)很少,前面的路也很迷茫,這會(huì)讓他們感到很吃驚。由此可推斷,18世紀(jì)的這些最聰明的人認(rèn)為他們知道的很多,從而也能解決科學(xué)的許多問題,故答案為[D]項(xiàng)。.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedaboutscientistsinearliertimes?(分?jǐn)?shù):2.00)A.Theyinventedfalsetheoriestoexplainthingstheydidn'tunderstand.B.Theyfalselyclaimedtoknowallaboutnature.C.Theydidnotbelieveinresultsfromscientificobservation.VD.Theypaidlittleattentiontotheproblemstheydidn'tunderstand.解析:解析:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的earliertimes將本題出處定位于第二段第六句。本句指出,在早期,我們或者假裝知道事物是如何運(yùn)作的,或者會(huì)忽略存在的問題,或者只會(huì)編造故事來填補(bǔ)空缺。[A],[B]和[D]項(xiàng)均在本句中有所提及,故答案為[C]項(xiàng)。.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsscience?(分?jǐn)?shù):2.00)A.Heisdoubtfulbecauseofenormousdifficultiesinscientificresearch.B.HeisconfidentthoughheisawareoftheenormousdifficultiesinscientificresearchVC.Heisdepressedbecauseoftheignoranceofscientists.D.Heisdelightedbecauseoftheilluminatingscientificfindings.解析:解析:觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。最后一段第一、二和四句都表達(dá)了一種積極觀點(diǎn),作者認(rèn)為我們遲早能夠?qū)σ恍┪粗氖挛锏贸龃鸢?。第三句則提到了現(xiàn)狀:仍然有一些我們無法回答的問題,因此人類智慧的范疇也會(huì)有所限制。綜合這兩部分內(nèi)容可知,作者認(rèn)為盡管目前存在困難,但最終能夠得到解決。由此可推斷,作者對(duì)科學(xué)是有信心的,故答案為[B]項(xiàng)。ThehistorianFrederickJ.Turnerwroteinthe1890)sthattheagrariandiscontentthathadbeendevelopingsteadilyintheUnitedStatessinceabout1870hadbeenprecipitatedbytheclosingoftheinternalfrontier—thatis,thedepletionofavailablenewlandneededforfurtherexpansionoftheAmericanfarmingsystem.NotonlywasTurner,sthesisinfluentialatthetime,itwaslateradoptedandelaboratedbyotherscholars,suchasJohnD.HicksinThePopulistRevolt(1931).Actually,however,newlandsweretakenupforfarmingintheUnitedStatesthroughoutandbeyondthenineteenthcentury.Inthe1890)s,whenagrariandiscontenthadbecomemostacute,1,100,000newfarmsweresettled,whichwas500,000morethanhadbeensettledduringthepreviousdecade.After1890,underthetermsoftheHomesteadActanditssuccessors,morenewlandwastakenupforfarmingthanhadbeentakenupforthispurposeintheUnitedStatesupuntilthattime.Itistruethatahighproportionofthenewlyfarmedlandwassuitableonlyforgrazinganddryfarming,butagriculturalpracticeshadbecomesufficientlyadvancedtomakeitpossibletoincreasetheprofitabilityoffarmingbyutilizingeventheserelativelybarrenlands.TheemphasisgivenbybothscholarsandstatesmentothepresumeddisappearanceoftheAmericanfrontierhelpedtoobscurethegreatimportanceofchangesintheconditionsandconsequencesofinternationaltradethatoccurredduringthesecondhalfofthenineteenthcentury.In1869theSuezCanalwasopenedandthefirsttranscontinentalrailroadintheUnitedStateswascompleted.Anextensivenetworkoftelegraphandtelephonecommunicationswasspun:EuropewasconnectedbysubmarinecablewiththeUnitedStatesin1866andwithSouthAmericain1874.Byabout1870improvementsinagriculturaltechnologymadepossiblethefullexploitationofareasthatweremostsuitableforextensivefarmingonamechanizedbasis.HugetractsoflandwerebeingsettledandfarmedinArgentina,Australia,Canada,andintheAmericanWest,andtheseareaswerejoinedwithoneanotherandwiththecountriesofEuropeintoaninterdependentmarketsystem.Asaconsequence,agrariandepressionsnolongerwerelocalornationalinscope,andtheystruckseveralnationswhoseinternalfrontiershadnotvanishedorwerenotabouttovanish.Betweentheearly1870)sandthe1890)s,themountingagrariandiscontentinAmericaparalleledthealmostuninterrupteddeclineinthepricesofAmericanagriculturalproductsonforeignmarkets.Thosestaple-growingfarmersintheUnitedStateswhoexhibitedthegreatestdiscontentwerethosewhohadbecomemostdependentonforeignmarketsforthesaleoftheirproducts.InsofarasAmericanshadbeendeterredfromtakingupnewlandforfarming,itwasbecausemarketconditionshadmadethisperiodaperiloustimeinwhichtodoso.(分?jǐn)?shù):8.00)(1).Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith.(分?jǐn)?shù):2.00)A.showingthatacertaininterpretationisbettersupportedbytheevidencethanisanalternativeexplanationVB.developinganalternativeinterpretationbyusingsourcesofevidencethatformerlyhadbeenunavailableC.questioningtheaccuracyoftheevidencethatmostscholarshaveusedtocountertheauthor)sowninterpretationD.reviewingtheevidencethatformerlyhadbeenthoughttoobscureavalidinterpretation解析:解析:推理判斷題。第一段指出,弗雷德里克.杰克遜?特納和其他學(xué)者認(rèn)為從大約1870年起,農(nóng)民的不滿是由國(guó)內(nèi)邊遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)的封閉引起的,也就是說美國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)展所必需的可利用的新土地幾近耗竭。第二段第一句中作者指出了自己的觀點(diǎn):在整個(gè)19世紀(jì),一直都有新土地被用于農(nóng)業(yè),并在下文用具體數(shù)字作出了說明。對(duì)比這兩段內(nèi)容可推斷,作者認(rèn)為要作出某種說明最好是有證據(jù),故答案為[A]項(xiàng)。.Accordingtotheauthor,changesintheconditionsofinternationaltraderesultedinan.(分?jǐn)?shù):2.00)A.underestimationoftheamountofnewlandthatwasbeingfarmedintheUnitedStatesB.underutilizationofrelativelysmallbutrichplotsoflandC.overexpansionoftheworldtransportationnetworkforshippingagriculturalproductsD.extensionofagrariandepressionsbeyondnationalboundariesV解析:解析:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第四段第一至四句主要介紹了國(guó)際貿(mào)易的發(fā)展情況,第五句則指出國(guó)際貿(mào)易所帶來的問題:農(nóng)民的不滿不再局限于當(dāng)?shù)鼗虮緡?guó),而是蔓延到一些國(guó)內(nèi)邊遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)沒有消失或并不會(huì)馬上消失的國(guó)家中。由此可知,國(guó)際貿(mào)易的發(fā)展情況導(dǎo)致了農(nóng)民不滿的蔓延,故答案為[D]項(xiàng)。.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingoccurredpriorto1890?(分?jǐn)?shù):2.00)A.FrederickJ.Turner,sthesisregardingtheAmericanfrontierbecameinfluential.B.TheHomesteadActledtoanincreaseintheamountofnewlyfarmedlandintheUnitedStates.C.Technologicaladvancesmadeitfruitfultofarmextensivelyonamechanizedbasis.VD.DirectlinesofcommunicationwereconstructedbetweentheUnitedStatesandSouthAmerica.解析:解析:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第四段第三句指出,到大約1870年,農(nóng)業(yè)科技的進(jìn)步使通過機(jī)械化充分利用最適合粗放農(nóng)業(yè)的土地成為可能,故答案為[C]項(xiàng)。.Theauthorimpliesthatthecauseoftheagrariandiscontentwas.(分?jǐn)?shù):2.00)A.maskedbythevaguenessoftheofficialrecordsonnewlysettledfarmsB.overshadowedbydisputesonthereliabilityoftheexistinghistoricalevidenceC.misidentifiedasaresultofinfluentialbuterroneoustheorizingVD.overlookedbecauseofapreoccupationwithmarketconditions解析:解析:推理判斷題。第一段指出一些學(xué)者對(duì)農(nóng)民不滿的原因的看法:農(nóng)民的不滿是由國(guó)內(nèi)邊遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)的封閉引起的,而這一觀點(diǎn)在當(dāng)時(shí)十分具有影響力。第二段開始作者否定了一些學(xué)者的觀點(diǎn),并在最后一段指出引發(fā)農(nóng)民不滿的真正原因:美國(guó)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品價(jià)格在國(guó)外市場(chǎng)持續(xù)下降。由此可推斷,引發(fā)農(nóng)民不滿的真正原因被錯(cuò)誤地理解成一種具有影響力但錯(cuò)誤的理論的結(jié)果,故答案為[C]項(xiàng)。"Masterpiecesaredumb,"wroteFlaubert,"Theyhaveatranquilaspectliketheveryproductsofnature,likelargeanimalsandmountains."HemighthavebeenthinkingofWarandPeace,thatvast,silentwork,unfathomableandsimple,provokingendlessquestionsthroughthemajestyofitsbeing.Tolstoi,ssimplicityis"overpowering,"saysthecriticBayley,"disconcerting,"becauseitcomesfrom"hiscasualassumptionthattheworldisasheseesit."Likeothernineteenth-centuryRussianwritersheis"impressive"becausehe"meanswhathesays,"buthestandsapartfromallothersandfrommostWesternwritersinhisidentitywithlife,whichissocompleteastomakeusforgetheisanartist.Heisthecenterofhiswork,buthisegocentricityisofaspecialkind.Goethe,forexample,saysBayley,"caredfornothingbuthimself.Tolstoiwasnothingbuthimself."Forallhisvariedmodesofwritingandthemultiplicityofcharactersinhisfiction,Tolstoiandhisworkareofapiece.Thefamous"conversion"ofhismiddleyears,movinglyrecountedinhisConfession,wasaculminationofhisearlyspirituallife,notadeparturefromit.Theapparentlyfundamentalchangesthatledfromepicnarrativetodogmaticparable,fromajoyous,buoyantattitudetowardlifetopessimismandcynicism,fromWarandPeacetoTheKreutzerSonata,camefromthesamerestless,impressionabledepthsofanindependentspirityearningtogetatthetruthofitsexperience."Truthismyhero,"wroteTolstoiinhisyouth,reportingthefightinginSebastopol.Truthremainedhishero一hisown,notothers),truth.OtherswereawedbyNapoleon,believedthatasinglemancouldchangethedestiniesofnations,adheredtomeaninglessrituals,formedtheirtastesonestablishedcanonsofart.Tolstoireversedallpreconceptions;andineveryreversalheoverthrewthe"system,"the"machine,"theexternallyordainedbelief,theconventionalbehaviorinfavorofunsystematic,impulsivelife,ofinwardmotivationandthesolutionsofindependentthought.Inhisworktheartificialandthegenuinearealwaysexhibitedindramaticopposition:thesupposedlygreatNapoleonandthetrulygreat,ignoredlittleCaptainTushin,orNicholasRostov,sactualexperienceinbattleandhislateraccountofit.Thesimpleisalwayspittedagainsttheelaborate,knowledgegainedfromobservationagainstassertionsofborrowedfaiths.Tolstoi,smagicalsimplicityisaproductofthesetensions;hisworkisarecordofthequestionsheputtohimselfandoftheanswershefoundinhissearch.Thegreatestcharactersofhisfictionexemplifythissearch,andtheirhappinessdependsonthemeasureoftheiranswers.Tolstoiwantedhappiness,butonlyhard-wonhappiness,thatemotionalfulfillmentandintellectualclaritywhichcouldcomeonlyastheprizeofall-consumingeffort.Hescornedlessersatisfactions.(分?jǐn)?shù):8.00).Whichofthefollowingbestcharacterizestheauthor'sattitudetowardTolstoi?(分?jǐn)?shù):2.00)A.Shedeprecatesthecynicismofhislaterworks.B.Shefindshistheatricalityartificial.C.Sheadmireshiswholeheartedsincerity.VD.Shethinkshisinconsistencydisturbing.解析:解析:觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。第一段第四句指出,像其他19世紀(jì)俄羅斯作家一樣,托爾斯泰是令人欽佩的,因?yàn)樗f的都是他的真心話。由此可推斷,作者欣賞托爾斯泰全心全意的真誠(chéng),故答案為[C]項(xiàng)。.TheauthorstatesthatTolstoi'sconversionrepresented.(分?jǐn)?shù):2.00)A.aradicalrenunciationoftheworldB.thenaturaloutcomeofhisearlierbeliefsVC.therejectionofavant-gardeideasD.theacceptanceofreligionhehadearlierrejected解析:解析:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的conversion將本題出處定位于第二段第二句。本句指出,托爾斯泰中年時(shí)期著名的“信仰轉(zhuǎn)變”是他早期精神生活的結(jié)果,而不是偏離,故答案為[B]項(xiàng)。.Accordingtothepassage,Tolstoi'sresponsetotheacceptedintellectualandartisticvaluesofhistimeswasto.(分?jǐn)?shù):2.00)A.selectthemostvalidfromamongthemB.combineopposingviewpointsintoanewdoctrineC.rejecttheclaimsofreligioninordertoservehisartD.upsettheminordertobefaithfultohisexperienceV解析:解析:推理判斷題。第二段倒數(shù)第二句指出,其他人都敬畏拿破侖,認(rèn)為一個(gè)人能夠改變國(guó)家的命運(yùn),擁護(hù)毫無意義的宗教儀式,在已有的藝術(shù)準(zhǔn)則的基礎(chǔ)上培養(yǎng)自己的品位。最后一句指出托爾斯泰的做法,他顛覆了所有的先入之見;他推翻了“體系”“機(jī)械”、外界規(guī)定的信仰、傳統(tǒng)的行為,支持無系統(tǒng)性、任性的生活,支持內(nèi)在動(dòng)力和獨(dú)立思想所提出的解決方法。由此可推斷,托爾斯泰并不認(rèn)可大眾的做法,而是堅(jiān)持自己對(duì)生活、行為等的態(tài)度,故答案為[D]項(xiàng)。.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatwhichofthefollowingistrueofWarandPeace?(分?jǐn)?shù):2.00)A.ItbelongstoanearlyperiodofTolstoi'swork.VB.ItincorporatesapolemicagainstthedisorderlinessofRussianlife.C.Ithasasimplestructuraloutline.D.Itisaworkthatreflectsanironicviewoflife.解析:解析:推理判斷題。第二段第三句中的Theapparentlyfundamentalchanges指代第二句中提到的“托爾斯泰的信仰發(fā)生了改變”,即他中年時(shí)期的信仰與早期時(shí)的信仰不一致。通過第三句可知,這種改變所引起的變化有:寫作手法從史詩(shī)敘述發(fā)展到教條式的比喻,對(duì)生活的態(tài)度由樂觀向上的轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楸^厭世,作品從《戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)與和平》發(fā)展到《克勒采奏鳴曲》。由此句中所提及的變化的可推斷,《戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)與和平》對(duì)應(yīng)的是托爾斯泰早期的信仰,即該部作品是他早期的作品,故答案為[A]項(xiàng)。Newandbizarrecrimeshavecomeintobeingwiththeadventofcomputertechnology.Organizedcrimehasbeendirectlyinvolved;thenewtechnologyoffersitunlimitedopportunities,suchasdatacrimes,theftofservices,property-relatedcrimes,industrialsabotage,politicallyrelatedsabotage,vandalism,crimesagainsttheindividualandfinanciallyrelatedcrime.Theftofdata,ordatacrime,hasattractedtheinterestoforganizedcriminalsyndicates.Thisisusuallythetheftorcopyingofvaluablecomputerprogram.Aninternationalmarketalreadyexistsforcomputerizeddata,andspecializedfencesaresaidtobeplayingakeyroleinthisrapidlyexpandingcriminalmarket.Buyersforstolenprogramsmayrangefromafirm'scompetitorstoforeignnations.Acompetitorsabotagesacompany'scomputersystemtodestroyorcripplethefirm,soperationalability,thusneutralizingitscompetitivecapabilityeitherintheprivateorthegovernmentsector.Thiscomputersabotagemayalsobetiedtoanattemptbyaffluentinvestorstoacquirethevictimfirm.Withthegrowingreliancebyfirmsoncomputersfortheirrecordkeepinganddailyoperations,sabotageoftheircomputerscanresultininternalhavoc,afterwhichthegroupinterestedinacquiringthefirmcaneasilybuyitatasubstantiallylowerprice.Criminalgroupscouldalsoresorttosabot
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