閱讀理解解題技巧之詞義猜測課件

閱讀理解技巧之猜測詞意Ifyoucomeacrossthenewwordsorphraseswhenreading,Whatwillyoudo?Whatdifficultydoyouhaveinreading?1.Ignore(忽略）

themandcontinuereading2.Lookthemupinthedictionary3.Guess

themeaning

Howtoguessthemeaningsofwordsorphrasesinreadingcomprehension

？Ways

toGuesstheWords一.Definition(定義法)二.Context（上下文）三.Word-formation（構(gòu)詞法）四.Examples（例子）五.Commonsense（常識）一、Definition定義法：

一般通過定義、定語從句/詞組或同位語從句/詞組來確定詞義或利用文章中用不同的話對同一概念的解釋，猜測詞義。信號詞：be,becalled,means,bedefinedas，is;was;thatis;that’stosay;namely;等等，

從后面的解釋中，我們可以了解到brittle是“易碎的，脆的”的意思Itwillbeveryhardbutverybrittle—thatis,

itwillbreakeasily.SampleITheherdsman,

wholooksaftersheep,

earnsabout650yuanayear.

定語從句中l(wèi)ooksaftersheep就表明了herdsman的詞義為“牧羊人”。SampleII二.Context對比關(guān)系Contrast

同義、近義、反義關(guān)系synonym,similarity,antonym因果關(guān)系Causeandeffect

能體現(xiàn)對比關(guān)系的詞匯很多，主要有but,yet,however,while,unlike,instead,ontheotherhand,onthecontrary,incontrastwith等。標(biāo)點符號分號有時也可表示對比。

1.對比關(guān)系2.

Johnusuallywastesalotofmoneyonsuchuselessthings,hiswife,however,isveryabstemious.goon1.ThoughTom’sfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean,hisneckstillremainsgrubby.骯臟的,邋遢的有節(jié)制的,節(jié)約的SampleI2.同義、近義、反義關(guān)系

同義詞替換的表達(dá)方法可以為我們推測詞義提供明顯的語境線索。一些常見的引出同義詞的標(biāo)志性詞語有or,like,similar等。

反義詞利用文章中所出現(xiàn)的、與某生詞或詞組意思相反的內(nèi)容，猜測詞義。信號詞中有instead,but,not等

goon2：Americanbusinessmenexpectemployeestobepunctual.Theydonotexpectthattheworkerswillcomelate.文中bepunctual的意思，可理解為“notcomelate”，即“準(zhǔn)時，不遲到”。1.MrSmithlovestotalk,andhiswifeissimilarlyloquacious.顯然，similarly是個語境線索，它暗示loquacious意為lovetotalk。SampleII3.因果關(guān)系信號詞：如because，as，since，for，so，thus，asaresult,so…that,such…that，therefore等表示前因后果e.g.Rubbercanbemadetostretchmorethanninetimesitsnormallengthbecauseitisvery

elastic.e.g.Allhisattemptstounlockthedoorwasfutile,becauseshewasusingthewrongkey.彈性的SampleIII徒勞的

Withtheirshiningbrowneyes,waggingtails,andunconditional

love,dogscanprovidethenonjudgmental

listenersneededforabeginningreadertogainconfidence.(2003NMET)unconditional:無條件的,絕對的adj.conditionconditional

情況，條件n.

有條件的adj.unconditional:prefix(前綴）

baseword

(詞根）suffix（后綴）nonjudgmental:沒有判斷力的judge

judgment

judgmental判斷v.判斷n.adj.nonjudgmental:中學(xué)英語中常見的前綴和后綴有:super-(超)mini-（極小的，微小的）micro-（極微小的）re-（再，反復(fù)）mis-（誤，惡）im-（不）un-（不，非）in-（不，非）non-（不，非）-able（能…的）-less（不，無）--wards(向)三.Word-formation根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法：派生（前綴、后綴）、合成等superman(超人)

nonnatural(非自然的)homeless(無家可歸的)rebuild(重建)microwave(微波)

informal(非正式的)mispronounce(發(fā)錯音)nonsmoker(非煙民)eastwards(向東)Canyouguessthefollowingwords?

1.

Wemustsafeguardtheworldpeace.AprotectBcareCpreventDtokeepsafewithguns2.Don’tlistentohisnonsense.AhavingnomeaningBmeaninglesswordsChumorousspeech DnotmakingsenseAB維護(hù),保護(hù),捍衛(wèi)胡說,廢話合成詞四、Example例舉法：利用文中的舉例猜測詞義。常見的舉例的提示詞有forinstance,forexample,suchas等。Todayyoungcouplesoftenspendlotsoftheirmoneyonappliances,forinstance,washing-machine,refrigeratorsandcolortelevisions.家用電器e.g.Onthefarmtheymainlyraisepoultry,suchaschickens,ducksandgeese,fortheireggsandmeat.家禽SampleI

2:Whenyouthrowastoneintostillwaterofalake,youwillwatcha

ripplespreadinringsonthesurfaceofwater.五.Commonsense波紋，細(xì)浪1.Inolddays,whengirlsfromrichfamiliesweremarriedtotheirhusbands,theyexpectedtobringwiththemselvesalargequantityofdowry.嫁妝PracticemakesperfectPractice練習(xí)

Canyouguessthecorrectmeaningsofthefollowingwords?----------------------------------------------------1.Therearesomeglaciersmovingdownthemountainvalleys.Aglacierisariverofice.A雪山B樹枝C冰河D冰2.Heisaresoluteman.Oncehemadeuphismindtodosomething,hewon’tgiveituphalfway.AweakBfirmCkindDclever3.Mr.BrownisnowworkingatPrincetonUniversityfarawayfromhome.Forthisreasonhehastorentaroomneartheofficewhereheworks.A租用B借出C購買D參觀

CBA4.Twelve-year-oldSallywasanactivegirl.Buthersisterwasquitesedate.A.prettyB.calmC.protectiveD.energetic5.Thosenewcomerswerenotusedtothelifeinthesuburbswhichwassodifferentfromthatinsidethecity.AtownBcapitalCcountrysideDhouse6.Beforeababylearnstowalk,ithastocrawlonthefloor．A．walkontwofeetB．FlyC．sitinachairD．moveonthehandsandkneesBCDQuestionForm1.Theword“…”refersto/means/couldbestbereplacedby_________.2.Theunderlinedword/sentencemeans_________.3.Findinthepassageawordclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“…”.2.Instantly，wewerebusilypreparingfortheworst.Thewholefamilyhadexperiencedsuchastormbeforeandeveryonerememberedthedamageithadcausedtostockandcrops．Therewasverylittlewecoulddoaboutthecorps.Butweneededtoprotecttheanimalsincasetheriverfloodedagain．Myolderbrothercalledhissheep-dogandbegandrivingoursmallflockofsheeptohighergroundaboveriver．Iftheriverflooded，theyshouldbesafethere．58．Theunderlinedword"stock"inthethirdparagraphrefersto_________.A.moneyownedbythefamilyB．goodsforsaleC.suppliesforfamilyuseD．farmanimals(06江西卷)

DInrecentyears,IPrightshavebeenthefocusofagreatdealofdiscussionbecauseofatechnologywhichlookssettoweakenthemaltogether;theInternet.Manyyearsago,ifyouwantedarecordingofasong,youwouldhavetopurchaseitfromamusicstore;ifanovel,formabookstore.Intho