2022屆高考英語完形填空解題技巧

二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題高考英語完形填空的解題技巧高三英語新課標(biāo)趙縣石塔中學(xué)劉靜華

ClozeTest語法結(jié)構(gòu)詞匯題篇章結(jié)構(gòu)高考完形填空考什么？1.根據(jù)并列關(guān)系解答完形填空2.根據(jù)語義復(fù)現(xiàn)解答完形填空3.利用前后搭配解答完形填空4.利用邏輯推理解答完形填空題高考英語完形填空解題四種技能高考英語完形填空解題技能實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練（1）根據(jù)并列關(guān)系解答完形填空題因果關(guān)系、同類關(guān)系相對(duì)關(guān)系等并列，就是指由and或or連接的并列成分類屬關(guān)系[例1]Thesetellthestoryofamotherwhosebabygrows23

andpaleandhaschangedsomuchthatitisalmostunrecognizabletotheparents.23.A.sick B.slim C.short D.small因果關(guān)系[解析]

選項(xiàng)中只有sick才與pale有相關(guān)性(因果關(guān)系)，即因?yàn)椤吧　?，所以臉色才?huì)“蒼白”，故選A。[例2]EdgarAllanPoe,whoselifewasshortandseeminglyunhappy,wrotestoriesandpoemsofmysteryand

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insanity(瘋狂)anddeath.22.A.happiness B.science C.society D.terror同類關(guān)系[解析]因?yàn)橹挥衪error(恐怖)才與mystery(神秘)、insanity(瘋狂)和death(死亡)是表示同類意義的名詞，而不可能是與“happiness(幸福)”“science(科學(xué))”或“society(社會(huì))”并列，故選D。[例3]EdgarAllanPoeisalsorememberedasthefatherofmoderndetectivefiction,storiesofaninvestigatorwhohastosolvemurdersandother

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27.A.accidents B.crimes C.events D.incidents類屬關(guān)系[解析]因?yàn)椤癿urder(兇殺)”是各種“crimes(犯罪)”行為中的一種，所以與“murder(兇殺)”并列應(yīng)是“其他各種犯罪行為”，故選B。[例4]WhenChristwasbornnearlytwothousand

years

ago,manypeople,richand_______,gavehimpresents.A.ill B.healthy C.poor D.tall相對(duì)關(guān)系[解析]因?yàn)橛删湟饪芍?，?yīng)當(dāng)是指“耶穌出生時(shí)，許多人，無論貧富，都給他禮物”，故選擇與rich相對(duì)意義的poor，即選C。Nobelwasupsettofindoutnotthathehaddied,butthat,whenhistimewasup,hewouldbethoughtofonlyasonewhoprofitedfrom_____anddestruction.A.deathB.diseaseC.trouble D.attack1.A。與destruction(毀滅)并列應(yīng)當(dāng)是death(死亡)，故選A。小試牛刀2.Thepoverty(貧困)was

worsethananythingmyyoungcompanionshadeverimagined.Backinthehotel,anairofsadnesssettledoverthegroup.Many

________andcried.gaveup

B.brokedown

C.setoff

D.heldon2.B。與cried(哭)并列應(yīng)當(dāng)是breakdown(情緒失控)，故選B。3.Musicisnice,peopleseemtosay,butnotimportant…Thisviewisshortsighted.Infact,musiceducationis________andimportantforallstudents. A.beneficial B.available C.expensive D.powerful3.A。與important(重要的)并列，且符合語境的，應(yīng)當(dāng)是beneficial(有益的)，句意為：“音樂教育對(duì)所有學(xué)生來說，是有益的，也是重要的?！备呖加⒄Z完形填空解題技能實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練（2）根據(jù)語義復(fù)現(xiàn)解答完形填空題同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)同義復(fù)現(xiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)現(xiàn)語義復(fù)現(xiàn)[例1]TalesofthesupernaturalarecommoninallpartsofBritain.Inparticular,therewas(andperhapsstillis)abeliefinfairies(仙女).Notallofthese21arethefriendly,people-lovingcharactersthatappearinDisneyfilms,and…A.babiesB.believersC.fairiesD.supermen一、同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)[解析]前句說是人們“相信有仙女”，后句“并非所有這些_是友好的”，承前邏輯，空格處應(yīng)填“仙女”了，故選C。[例2]Thereweremanywaystopreventthisfromhappening:hangingaknifeoverthebaby’sheadwhilehesleptorcoveringhimwithsomeofhisfather’sclotheswerejusttwooftherecommended27.A.casesB.toolsC.stepsD.methods二、同義復(fù)現(xiàn)[解析]前句說“避免這類的事發(fā)生有許多方法(ways)”，冒號(hào)后的解釋，“在小孩睡覺時(shí)在其頭上懸掛一把刀，或者用其父親的褲子蓋著他，就是其中值得推薦的兩種________”，承前邏輯，自然是其中的兩種“方法”，與ways同義的是methods，故選D。[例3]AlfredNobelbecameamillionaireandchangedthewaysofmining,construction,andwarfareastheinventorofdynamite(炸藥).…“Dr.AlfredNobel,whobecame23byfindingwaystokillmorepeoplefasterthaneverbefore,diedyesterday.”A.famousB.sickC.richD.popular三、結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)現(xiàn)[解析]AlfredNobel引導(dǎo)定語從句的who指代的就是AlfredNobel，兩句是相似的,且兩句的后部分的內(nèi)容各為“發(fā)明了炸藥”與“找到了更快的殺人方式”，可以想象，兩者的意義何等接近！可見，與“變成百萬富翁”對(duì)應(yīng)的應(yīng)當(dāng)是“變成富?！?，故選C。Everyonestartedto_55__theirhands.SuzyKhangavethemashysmileandtheapplausewasdeafening.IknewthenSuzywasgoingtobeallright.A.clapB.waveC.raiseD.shake小試牛刀由后面的applause(掌聲)可知此處表示“大家開始鼓掌”。clapone'shands鼓掌。故選B。2.Whenhearrivedathisfather’shouse,hewastoldthathisfatherhadbeeninhospitalforaweek.Hewasaboutto

leavefor(去；前往)the______whenhesaw… A.city B.hospital C.factory D.university2.B。前面說“當(dāng)他回到父親家時(shí)，初告知他父親已住院一周了”，承前邏輯，他應(yīng)是“去醫(yī)院”，故選B。利用前后搭配解答完形填空題高考英語完形填空解題技能實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練（3）在解答完形填空時(shí)，充分考慮這些搭配關(guān)系，有助于我們作出正確選擇。動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配動(dòng)詞與其賓語的搭配句式結(jié)構(gòu)上的搭配和習(xí)語搭配等所謂前后搭配根據(jù)動(dòng)詞與其后介詞的搭配關(guān)系來選擇一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膭?dòng)詞。[例1]OnApril12,1888,Alfred’sbrotherLudwigdiedofheartattack.AmajorFrenchnewspaper___hisbrotherforhimand…A.found B.misunderstood C.mistook D.judged一、動(dòng)介搭配[解析]能與“AforB”搭配的在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有選項(xiàng)C,mistakeXforY意為“誤以為X是Y”,故選C。根據(jù)動(dòng)詞與其賓語是否可以搭配、在意義上是否符合邏輯或常識(shí)來確定選用哪個(gè)動(dòng)詞。[例2]Nobelarrangedinhiswilltogivethelargestpartofhismoneyto___theNobelPrizes,whichwouldbeawardedtopeoplewho…A.establishB.formC.developD.promote [解析]在不定式短語中，賓語是“諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)”，動(dòng)詞該用哪一個(gè)？設(shè)立？形成？發(fā)展？促進(jìn)？根據(jù)常識(shí)，能與“獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)”搭配的，在這四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有“設(shè)立”，故選A。二、動(dòng)賓搭配根據(jù)句式或句型的搭配來確定填哪一個(gè)詞。[例3]Thebooktellsusofusefulskillssuchashowtoputwhatyouhavelearnedintopicturesofyourmindto

yourmemorybetter.A.makeB.turnC.1etD.change三、句式搭配[解析]在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，能接“賓語+形容詞作賓補(bǔ)”的只有選面A，makeyourmemorybetter意為“使你的記憶力變得更好”，故選A。

根據(jù)習(xí)慣用語的固定搭配來確定正確選項(xiàng)。[例4]Intellectualproperty(IP)(知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán))isaproductofthemindthathascommercialvalue.Theconcept___backto1623whenthefirstpatentlawtoprotectIPrightswaspassed.A.holdsB.dates C.sets D.turns[解析]datebackto是慣用短語，意為“追溯到”，故選B。四、習(xí)語搭配[例5]NobelarrangedinhiswilltogivethelargestpartofhismoneytoestablishtheNobelPrizes,whichwouldbeawardedtopeoplewhomadegreat_______tothecausesofpeace,literature,andthesciences.A.additionsB.sacrificesC.changesD.contributions[解析]

四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都可構(gòu)成習(xí)語搭配:makeadditionsto給……增加makesacrificesto對(duì)……做出犧牲makechangesto對(duì)……作修改makecontributionsto對(duì)……作貢獻(xiàn)但根據(jù)句意和常識(shí)，獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)應(yīng)當(dāng)獎(jiǎng)給那些為和平、文學(xué)和科學(xué)“作出貢獻(xiàn)”的人，故選D。1.Dancecanbeart,ritual(儀式；禮制),orrecreation（娛樂）.Itgoesbeyondthefunctionalpurposesofthemovementusedinworkorathleticsinordertoexpressemotions,moods,orideas;tellastory;22religious,political,economic,orsocialneeds;…A.do B.have C.perform D.serve●小試牛刀●1.D。與賓語need搭配，表示“滿足需要”，選項(xiàng)中只有動(dòng)詞serve，故選D。5.OnApril12,1888,Alfred'sbrotherLudwigdiedofheartattack.AmajorFrenchnewspapermistookhisbrotherforhimandcarriedanarticle_______thedeathofAlfredNobel.“Themerchantofdeathisdead.”thearticleread.A.introducing B.announcing C.implying D.advertising5.B。由常識(shí)可知，報(bào)社應(yīng)是“發(fā)布”消息；根據(jù)動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，能與賓語“阿爾弗雷德·諾貝爾死亡的消息”搭配的也應(yīng)當(dāng)是“發(fā)布”，而不是“介紹”“暗示”“給……做廣告”，故選B，announce(giveinformationabout)。高考英語完形填空解題技能實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練（4）利用邏輯推理解答完形填空題根據(jù)上文信息推理根據(jù)下文信息推理

運(yùn)用邏輯推理根據(jù)上文信息推理[例1]OnApril12,1888,Alfred’sbrotherLudwigdiedofheartattack.AmajorFrenchnewspapermistookhisbrotherforhimand…“Dr.AlfredNobel,whobecamerichbyfindingwaystokillmorepeoplefasterthaneverbefore,diedyesterday.”Nobelwas___tofindoutnotthathehaddied,butthat,whenhistimewasup,hewouldbethoughtofonlyasonewhoprofitedfromdeathanddestruction.A.upset B.anxious C.excitedD.pleased[解析]前面講報(bào)道中的兩件事：一是報(bào)社誤以為諾貝爾是他的兄弟死了，二是說他是靠發(fā)現(xiàn)更快的殺人方式發(fā)財(cái)。根據(jù)生活常識(shí)，作為諾貝爾本人，看到這篇報(bào)道，不可能感到“渴望(anxious)”“興奮(excited)”或“高興(pleased)”，而應(yīng)當(dāng)是“不高興(upset)”，故選A。本句大意：諾貝爾感到不快，不是因?yàn)閳?bào)社誤解他死了，而是在他死后被認(rèn)為是一個(gè)靠制造死亡和毀滅而賺錢的人。[例3]Notallofthesefairiesarethefriendly,people-lovingcharactersthatappearinDisneyfilms,andinsomefolktalestheyare___andcausemuchhumansuffering.A.powerful B.cruel C.frightened D.extraordinary根據(jù)下文信息推理[解析]根據(jù)空格后面的信息“andcausemuchhumansuffering(會(huì)造成人類的痛苦)”可以推斷出，“在某些民間故事中，仙女是殘酷的”，故選B)。1.ItwasthenfearedthatthefairieshadcomeandstolenthebabyawayandreplacedthehumanbabywithafairyChangeling.Thereweremanywaystopreventthisfromhappening:hangingaknifeoverthebaby’sheadwhilehesleptorcoveringhimwithsomeofhisfather’sclotheswerejusttwooftherecommendedmethods.However,hopewasnotlostevenifthebabyhadbeen

.A.missed B.stolenC.foundD.lost[解析]空格前兩句說人們害怕仙女來偷小孩(stolenthebabyaway)及其阻止此事發(fā)生的方法，所以空格句應(yīng)是“即使小孩被