澳大利亞的社會福利制度(英文版)Social-W課件

Australia’sWelfareSystemTraitsofAustraliansSelf-deprecatingGoodsenseofhumorSport-lovingLaid-backBright,gayandenergeticGamble-lovingMusic-lovingFreefromrestraintsofconventionalismRevisionChina:9%(thepercentageofinvestmentonwelfareagainstGDP)Lead-inLead-inTheCompositionofAustralianSocialWelfareHealthsystem:Medicare/privatesectorVarioussocialwelfareprogramsTheSupportedAccommodationAssistanceProgram

（SAAP住房援助項目）TheHomeandCommunityCareProgram（家庭和社區(qū)關懷計劃）CommunityServicesAustralia’sWelfareSystemTheAustralianGovernment

hasgeneral

financialandpolicyresponsibilityforhealthservices.

Thestateandterritorygovernments

arelargelyresponsibleforthedirectprovisionofsuchservices.

Para1AustralianHealthSystemMedicare:auniversalpublichealthsystemPrivate

health

sector

Para2Royal

Flying

Doctor

ServiceRoyalFlyingDoctorService

皇家飛行醫(yī)生服務

Para2RoyalFlyingDoctorServiceProvidesaeromedicalevacuation（空中運送傷員）

andprimaryhealthcare（衛(wèi)生保?。﹖opeopleNot-for-profitorganizationTheServicealsoassistswith

distanceeducation.Para2HeadquarterlocatedinAliceSpringinNorthernTerritory.Thefirstflyingdoctoragencyintheworld.Establishedin1928.ThegateTheiconThestationsofRFDSWelfareSystemThewelfaresystemfundedbytaxation.Thewelfareservicesectorsignificantinthenation’seconomy,with$13.7billionspentannuallyonpaidservices,340,000peopleemployedincommunityservice.Unpaidassistanceprovidedbyfamiliesandvolunteers.Para31901,thefederalgovernmenttookcareoftheadministration,coordination,regulationandfundingofsocialservice.Firstprivatesocialservicesin1800(church-related)Bythemid-1800s,thegovernmentresponsibilitywasestablished.

ThescopeofSocialSecurityextendedafterWWII.Government-subsidizedvoluntaryorganizationsOld-agepension,introducedin1909,invalidpensionin1910andmaternityallowancein1912.TheDevelopmentHistoryofSocialServicesPara4CompareitwiththeHistoryofAustraliaOld-AgePensionTheAgePensiongivesolderpeopleanadequatestandardoflivinginretirement.Youmustmeetageandresidencerequirementsinordertoreceiveit.Ratealsodependsonone’sincome,assets,andothers.IfyouqualifyforAgePension,youmayalsobeeligibletoreceiveothersupportsuchasRentAssistanceorPensionSupplement.Para4InvalidPensionpensionsfordisabledveterans.Para4MaternityAllowance（產(chǎn)假津貼）Ababybonus（嬰兒津貼）foranewbornbabyoradoptedchildtoassistwiththecostsofchildrearing.

TheMaternityAllowanceAct(1912),grantinga"BabyBonus"offivepoundstothemotherofeverychildborninAustralia.Firstchild:$A3000Secondchild:$A5000Para4Exchangerates:4.5879FamilyAllowances（家庭津貼）Babybonus（嬰兒津貼）Childcarerebate（照顧兒童津貼）Childsupportandseparatedparents（照顧兒童和分居父母津貼）Doubleorphanpension（雙孤兒津貼）FamilyTaxBenefit（家庭稅收福利）Maternityimmunizationallowance(孕婦免疫津貼)PaidParentalLeavescheme（帶薪產(chǎn)假）Rentassistance（房租津貼）Para5PharmaceuticalBenefits

(藥品補助)CoversawiderangeofprescriptionmedicinesifyouareanAustralianresidentenrolledinMedicare,oravisitorfromacountrythathasaReciprocalHealthcareAgreementwithAustralia.Para5WorkInjuryBenefits(工傷補助)InjuredwhileworkingInjuredonthewaytoworkorbackhomeInflictedwithwork-relatedillness,suchasdelayedsilicosis（矽肺，塵肺）Para5MedicalandHospitalizationInsuranceBenefits（醫(yī)療和住院保險福利））Publicinsuranceforbothhospitalizationandout-of-hospitalmedicalservicesDifferentfromothersocialservicesinsofarastheyarevoluntaryandpartiallyfinancedbytheinsured.Para5FederalwelfareprogramsPara6MedicalandhospitalizationbenefitsFederalwelfareexpendituresThefederalDepartmentOfSocialServices聯(lián)邦社會服務部

TheFederalDepartmentofHealth聯(lián)邦衛(wèi)生部

TheNationalWelfareFund國家福利基金

Floodandfirerelief,foodservices,healthcarefortheagedandmostpublichealthprogramsThestatesReducedRailFare（火車票折扣）DisabledJunior-highandhighschoolstudents.Children

undertheageof12whenaccompaniedbyapayingadult.Para7PostalRedirectionConcessions（郵政重投部分退費）Iftheredirectionisfailed,AustraliaPostmayrefundapartoforiginalfee.Para7MobilityAllowance（殘障人士交通補助）TheallowancegrantedtothosedisabledandhandicappedpeoplePara7TheSupportedAccommodationAssistanceProgram

（SAAP住房援助項目）Introducedin1985.AimedatreducinghomelessnessinAustralia.Para7TheHomeandCommunityCareProgram（家庭和社區(qū)關懷計劃）Provideshomeandmedicalservices,mealsandpersonalcarefortheagedanddisabled.Providedbythecommunity,privately,andbychurchorcharitableorganizations.Para7TheHomeandCommunityCareProgram（家庭和社區(qū)關懷計劃）TheHACCProgramcanhelpyouwithservicessuchas:Nursingcare,includinghomenursing,allinyourownhomeHomehelp,suchashousework,washingandshoppingHome(house)maintenanceandmodificationPersonalcare,suchashelpwithbathing,dressingandeatingMealsonwheels（上門送餐）anddaycentre-basedmealsAncillary([?n‘sil?ri]

輔助的)healthserviceslikepodiatry([p?u'dai?tri]足病)andspeechtherapyCounseling,informationservicesSocialsupport

includingneighboraidCareersupport.Para7Whichonecanyoudo?Whichonewouldyoudo?

CommunityServices（社區(qū)服務）Examplesofcommunityserviceprojectsinclude:Cleaningapark.Collectingitemsforcharitysuchasclothes,food,orfurniture.Cleaningroadsideverges.Helpingtheelderlyinnursinghomes.Helpingthelocalfireorpoliceservice.Helpingoutatalocallibrary.Tutoringchildrenwithlearningdisabilities.Participatinginschoolactivitiesthatbenefitthewidercommunity.Para7Whichonewouldyoudo?CommunityServices（社區(qū)服務）Communityserviceisthepracticeofaltruism（利他主義）withinone'scommunity.Para7Para7ResidentialCare（住家護理）Residentialcarereferstolong-termcaregiventoadultsorchildreninaresidentialsettingratherthanthepatient'shome.(atcare-giver’shome)Home-basedcare(atpatient’shome)Para7TheChangeofAustralianWelfareSystemDuringthelast30years,welfarepaymentsaspercentageofGDProsefrom3%to20%.Theamountspentonwelfarehasbeenanongoingdebate.Reformersseekingtocuttheoverallbudget,andkeeningonimplementingefficiencies.Para8-10TextBEconomicDiversityinAustraliaLead-inHowdidAustraliansleavenoscaronearthwhilemining?2.Australia’smainexportproductsare_____ore,riceandwheatpeanut,soyaandwoolore,woolandwheatrice,peanutandwoolABriefIntroductionofAustralianEconomyAustralianhasaprosperouseconomy.InthelastcenturyAustralian'seconomicwasbasedonitsabundantagricultural,latermineralandfuelresources.Now,Australianhasbecomingaknowledge-basedeconomyFactorsforKnowledge-basedEconomyDevelopmentThepaceoftechnologicalandsocialchange.Advancesintransportmakingtravelandexchangeideaseasier.Broaderaccesstohigherstandardsofeducation.ICTMainSectorsIndustryNaturalResourcesFarmingTourismFashionBeachwearIntheBushUrbanWearandHighFashionIndustryAhighlyindustrializednation.Itassociatedwithrapidtechnologicalchangesandrisingstandardsofliving.Engineering,metalsandchemicalscanreplaceimports.ChiefIndustriesNaturalResourcesUniqueplantandanimalspecies.MineralResources----exportAustraliaisoneofmajorminingnationsintheword.RichforestandfisheryresouecesAustralianenergyresourcesandmajorexportportsmapSuperPitgoldmineatKalgoorlieinWesternAustraliaisAustralia'slargestopen-pitmineDrillingrigataBHPBillitonminesiteabout550km(342mi)outsideofNewman,WesternAustralia.FarmingAustraliaisself-sufficientinfood.Sheep-raisingismajorfamingindustry.Production:wool,beef,lamb,mutton,pork,diary(milk,butter,cheese).WheatFruitWinePrimelambcompetition,NewSouthWalesAsheepbeingshorninWesternAustraliaAn80-standrotarydairythatisfullycomputerisedandrecordsmilkproduction.TheBarossaValleyTourismTourisminAustraliaislargesectoroftheeconomy.Popularattractions:GreatBarrierReefGoldCoastHeart-shapedislandoftheGreatBarrierReefSydneyTheGoldCoastTheGoldCoastisacoastalcitylocatedintheSouthEastofthestateofQueensland,Australia.Thecityis94

kmsouthofthestatecapitalBrisbane.Itisthesecondmostpopulouscityinthestate,thesixthmostpopulouscityinthecountry,andalsothemostpopulousnon-capitalcityinAustralia.TheGoldCoastFashionAustralianfashionhasamorecasualapproach,reflectsavibrant,creativenation,richincolorandfreashstyle.Australianlifeinthreemainsetting:beach,bush,cities.UGGBeachwearAustraliahasalonghistoryofworld-renownedswimwearmanufacture.RoxyBillabongRipCurlandSeafollyBeachwearSpeedoWearingDriza-BonecoatBurberrytrenchcoatBurberryTrenchCoatIntheBushTheoutbackThebushTheakubrahatThedriza-bone(dryasabone)ThisstyleofcoatoriginatedinAustraliaasworkwearforstockmen.Thecoatsweredevelopedtoprotecthorseridersfromtherainandfeaturestrapsthatholdthecoattotherider'sleg.

AkubraAkubraisanAustralianbrandofbushhat,whosewide-brimmedstylesareadistinctivepartofAustralianculture,especiallyinruralareas.ThenameisbelievedtobederivedfromanAboriginalwordforheadcovering.Akubraheritagesignage,MuseumRailwayStation,SydneyAPECAustralia2007leadersUrbanWearandHigherFashionDionLee

Australia’seconomicsuccesswasbasedonitsabundant___,andlater___and___.Agricultural,mineral,fuelresourcesInformationandcommunicationtechnologyisa______ofeconomicgrowth.KeydriverTrueorFalseSinceWorldWarⅠ,theindustriesthathavedevelopedmostarethoseassociatedwithrapidtechnologicalchangesandrisingstandardsofliving.FWorldWarⅡAustraliaisrenownedforitsuniqueplantandanimalspecies.Therearearound20000to25000differentplantsnativetoAustralia.TTrueorFalsefarmingIt’schiefmineralexportproductsare___and___.Iron-ore,gold____isAustralia’smajorfarmingindustry.Sheep-raisingAustraliahasmorethan___ofallthesheepintheworldandproduces___ofalltheworld’swool.Onesixth,onethirdBeefprovidesabout___percentofallmeatproduction.55WheatgrowswellinsoutherneasternandnorthwesternAustralia.Fnorth——southtourismTourismemploys__oftheworkforce,andcontributesmorethan__ofAustralia’stotalexportearnings.6%,11%Thetop5countriespayingshort-termvisitstoAustraliaareUK,USA,NewZealand,ChinaandKorea.FChinaandJapanfashionModernAustraliahasauniquefashionstylethatisabletobesimilartoEuropeanfashionlines.FclearlydistinguishedThethreemainsettingsofAustralialife__,__,__.Thebush,thecities,thebeaches.beachwearAustralianowboaststop-of-lineswimandsurf-wearbrandssuchas__,__,__andRipCurl.Roxy,Billabong,Seafolly.InthebushTwothirdsofAustralia’spopulationliveinthecountry—knownas“theoutback”and“thebush”.FonethirdTheDriza-Bonewasmadetheofficialoutfitfoethe2007Asia--PacificEconomicCooperationleaders’meetingin___andvisitingheadsofgovernmentwerealsogivenan______.Sydney,AkubrahatUrbanWearandHighFashionTheurbanstreetwearandhautecouturecomponentsofAustralia’sfashionindustryarealsothriving.TTextC

MedicareinAustraliaE-Health電子健康是信息技術在健康保健領域（從預防、診斷到隨診）全方位的應用。e-Health是現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學衛(wèi)生在健康保健中最為重要的革命。e-Health的中心成分是電子健康記錄，建立了保健提供者及患者之間共享信息。它包括患者自身管理、家庭保健、傳感器、遠程醫(yī)療、遠程手術、電子信息、電子掛號、數(shù)據(jù)庫、地區(qū)及國家的網(wǎng)絡。Brief

Theintroductionof1.MedicareinAustralia&2.CentrelinkWhatisMedicareAustralia

MedicareAustraliaisanagencyoftheAustralianGovernmentthatadministershealth-relatedprogramsincludingMedicare,thePBS(PharmaceuticalBenefitsScheme),andothers.WhatdoesMedicarecover1.ThebenefitsyoureceivefromMedicarearebasedonaScheduleoffeessetbytheAustralianGovernment.DoctorsmaychoosetochargemorethantheSchedulefee.TheMedicareBenefitsSchedule(MBS)listsalltheMedicareitemnumbers.2.Itmainlycoverstwopartsasfollowing:Out-of-hospitalservices&In-hospitalservices.Medicareprovidesbenefitsfor:1.consultationfees2.testsandexaminationsbydoctorsneededtotreatillnesses,includingX-raysandpathologytests3.eyetests4.mostsurgicalandothertherapeuticprocedures5.somesurgicalproceduresperformedbyapproveddentists6.specifieditemsundertheCleftLipandPalateScheme7.specifieditemsforalliedhealthservicesaspartoftheEnhancedPrimaryCare(EPC)program..CanIuseMedicarewhileI’moverseas?1.Medicarebenefitsarenotavailablefortreatmentreceivedoverseas,however,theAustralianGovernmenthassignedReciprocalHealthCareAgreementswithNewZealand,theUnitedKingdom,theRepublicofIreland,Sweden,theNetherlands,Finland,Italy,MaltaandNorway.2.Australia’sReciprocalHealthCareAgreementswiththesecountriescoveranyimmediatelynecessarytreatmentyourequire.WhatisCentrelinkItisanAustraliaGovernmentagency.Itsetsupsopeoplecangetmoreoftheassistancetheyneedinoneplace.TwoRangesItdeliversarangeof1.servicestotheAustraliacommunity&2.paymentsandservicesonbehalfofanumberofgovernmentdepartmentsandotherentities.Centrelinkhasapproximately6.5millioncustomers;paysabout10millionindividualentitlementseachyear;isoneofthelargestemployersinthecountry;receivespaymentsofapproximately$1.3billioneachyearfromothercountriesintoAustralia.1.WhereisTheNati