英語培訓(xùn)講義非謂語動(dòng)詞獨(dú)立主格

大學(xué)英語College

English獨(dú)立主格獨(dú)立主格獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，是由“名詞或代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、不定式、形容

詞短語、名詞短語、介詞短語或副詞短

語”構(gòu)成的一種獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)。在該結(jié)構(gòu)中，名詞或代詞與其后的部分構(gòu)成邏輯上的

主謂關(guān)系，用來修飾謂語動(dòng)詞或整個(gè)句子。在句中作狀語，表示“時(shí)間、條件、原因、伴隨，方式或結(jié)果”等含義。其

位置比較靈活，放于句首句末均可。構(gòu)成名詞（代詞）+現(xiàn)在分詞名詞（代詞）+過去分詞名詞（代詞）+不定式名詞（代詞）+介詞短語名詞（代詞）+形容詞或副詞There

being+名詞（代詞）It

being+名詞（代詞）名詞（代詞）+現(xiàn)在分詞The

question

being

settled,

we

went

home.問題解決之后，我們就回家了。We

shall

play

the

match

tomorrow,

weatherpermitting.明天假設(shè)天氣好，我們就進(jìn)行比賽。

The

monitor

being

ill,

we’d

better

put

themeeting

off.班長(zhǎng)病了，我們最好還是延期開會(huì)。名詞（代詞）+過去分詞The

job

finished,

we

wenthome.工作結(jié)束后我們就回家了。His

cup

broken,

he

used

his

bowl

instead.茶杯破了，他就用碗來代替。More

time

given,

we

should

have

done

the

jobmuchbetter.如果給我們更多的時(shí)間，我們會(huì)把工作做得更好。名詞（代詞）+不定式Nobody

to

come

tomorrow,

we

will

have

to

putoff

the

meeting

till

next

week.如果明天沒有人來，我們將把會(huì)議推遲到下周So

many

peopleto

help

him,

he

is

sure

tosucceed.有如此多的人來幫助他，他一定會(huì)成功的。A

house

to

be

built,

we

must

save

every

cent.由于要建一座房子，我們必須節(jié)省每一分錢。名詞（代詞）+介詞短語The

soldiers

dashed

in,

riflein

hand.士兵們端著槍沖了進(jìn)來。A

girl

came

in, book

in

hand.一個(gè)少女進(jìn)來了，手里拿著書。He

was

waiting,

his

eyes

on

her

back.他在等著，眼睛望著她的背影。名詞（代詞）+形容詞/副詞He

sat

in

the

front

row,

his

mouth

halfopen.他坐在前排，嘴半開著。The

class

over,we

all

went

out

to

play.下課后，我們都出去玩。The

ground

muddy,

we

should

be

careful.地面濘泥，我們應(yīng)該小心。There

being+名詞（代詞）There

being

nothing

else

to

do,

we

wenthome.沒有別的事可做，我們就回家了。There

being

no

further

business,

Ideclare

the

meeting

closed.沒有再要討論的事了，我宣布散會(huì)。It

being+名詞（代詞）It

being

Christmas,

thegovernmentoffices

were

closed.由于圣誕節(jié)的緣故，政府機(jī)關(guān)都休息。It

being

a

holiday,all

the

shops

wereshut.由于今天是假日，所有商店都關(guān)門了。構(gòu)成名詞（代詞）+現(xiàn)在分詞名詞（代詞）+過去分詞名詞（代詞）+不定式名詞（代詞）+介詞短語名詞（代詞）+形容詞或副詞There

being+名詞（代詞）It

being+名詞（代詞）語法成分時(shí)間狀語條件狀語原因狀語伴隨狀語補(bǔ)充說明時(shí)間狀語School

over,

the

students

went

home.放學(xué)后，學(xué)生們都回家了。The

ceremony

ended,

the

games

began.儀式結(jié)束后，比賽開始了。The

work

done,we

went

home.工作完成后，我們就回家了。=

After

the

work

had

beendone條件狀語It

being

fine

tomorrow,

we’ll

go

boating.如果明天天氣好的話，我們就去劃船。Li

Lei

coming,

it

is

not

necessary

to

ask

WuDong.如果李蕾來的話，就沒有必要叫吳東了。

Weather

permitting,they

will

go

on

an

outingto

the

beach

tomorrow.如果天氣允許的話，他們將在明天組織一次海濱小游。=

If

weather

permits原因狀語The

meeting

being

put

off,we

needn’t

hurry.由于會(huì)議推遲了，我們就沒有必要匆忙了。

Mr.Li

being

ill,Miss

Yang

will

give

us

thislesson

instead.李老師病了，楊老師將代他來給我們上這堂課

An

important

lecture

to

be

given

tomorrow,the

professor

has

to

stay

up

late

into

the

night.因?yàn)槊魈煲l(fā)表一個(gè)重要的演講，教授不得不熬夜到很晚。=

As

an

important

lecture

will

be

giventomorrow伴隨狀語Mr.

Li

comes

here,

book

in

his

hand.李先生手里拿著書過來了。Smile

on

her

face,

she

asked

what

she

could

dofor

us.她面帶微笑問道我們要什么。He

was

lying

on

the

grass,

his

hands

crossedunder

hishead.他躺在草地上，兩手交叉枕在腦后。=and

his

hands

were

crossed

under

his

head補(bǔ)充說明He

had

maybe

a

thousand

tapes,

all

neatlylabelled.他大約有1000盒磁帶，都整齊地貼著標(biāo)簽。

We

produce

our

own

hair-care

products,

allbased

on

herbal

recipes.我們自己生產(chǎn)護(hù)發(fā)產(chǎn)品，全部采用草本配方。A

hunter

came

in,

his

face

red

with

cold.一個(gè)獵人走了進(jìn)來，他的臉凍得通紅。=

and

his

face

was

red

withcold注意事項(xiàng)1獨(dú)立主格與狀語從句的轉(zhuǎn)換當(dāng)狀語從句的主語與主句的主語不是指同一個(gè)對(duì)象時(shí)，可用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)取代狀語從句，但不再保留連詞。After

class

was

over,

the

studentssoon

left

theclassroom.下課后，學(xué)生很快離開了教室。

Class

being

over

/Class

over,thestudents

soon

left

the

classroom.The

clock

strikingtwelve,

I

wenttobed.When

the

clock

was

strikingtwelve,I

went

to

bed.The

clock

stuck

twelve

and

I

went

tobed.注意事項(xiàng)2在兩種情況下，獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的being（或havingbeen）不能省略：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語是代詞

It

being

Sunday,we

went

to

church.因?yàn)槭切瞧谔?，我們?nèi)チ俗龆Y拜。There

being＋名詞There

being

no

bus,

we

had

to

gohomeonfoot.因?yàn)闆]有公共汽車，所以我們不得不步行回家。Summer（being）over,

the

studentsreturned

to

school.His

first

shot（being）a

failure,Tom

fired

again.Her

face（being）pale

with

anger,she

rose

to

go

away.注意事項(xiàng)3在“名詞（或代詞）＋介詞短語”構(gòu)成的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中，一般不用形容詞性物主代詞和冠詞。Miss

Smith

entered

the

classroom,

bookin

hand.史密斯先生走進(jìn)了課室，手里拿著一本書。比較with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：Miss

Smith

entered

the

classroom,

with

abook

in

his

hand.He

was

standing

over

there,

pipe

inmouth.Flag

on

shoulder,

the

soldier

rushedto

the

top

of

the

building.注意事項(xiàng)4獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)沒有所有格形式The

chief-editor

arriving,

we

beganthemeeting.主編來了，我們開始開會(huì)。比較動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：The

chief-editor’s

arriving

made

usverysurprised.注意事項(xiàng)5獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作時(shí)間或原因狀語時(shí)，可用完成時(shí)，表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語之前。The

listeners

having

takentheirseats,

the

concert

began.聽眾坐好后，音樂會(huì)開始了。Tom

having

been

late

over

and

over,his

boss

was

very

disappointed.由于湯姆一再遲到，他的老板非常失望。注意事項(xiàng)6“with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)”也是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的一種，在句中表示“原因，結(jié)果，伴隨，方式”等情況。with+賓語+形容詞The

children

were

listening

to

theteacher

with

their

eyes

wideopen.with+賓語+介詞短語The

old

man

used

to

take

awalk

with

a

stick

in

hishand.with+賓語+副詞The

proud

girl

walked

away

withher

head

up.with+賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞Mary

felt

veryshy

with

so

manyeyes

looking

at

her.with+賓語+過去分詞If

you

sit

looking

away

from

aperson,or

with

your

back

turned,

it

means

thatyou

are

not

interested

in that

person.with+賓語+不定式With

too

much

work

to

do

the

next

day,he

felt

anxious

and

didn’t

sleepwell.with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)放在句末多表示伴隨狀況；放在句首，多表示“原因”或“條件”。

With

her

mother

away

from

home,the

littlegirl

felt

lonely.由于她媽媽不在家，這個(gè)女孩感到很孤單。

With

the

guide

leading

the

way,I

had

nodifficulty

finding

their

village.因?yàn)橄驅(qū)?，我沒怎么費(fèi)事