高一英語情態(tài)動詞

牛津版高一模塊四Unit2SportseventsGrammarandusageModalVerbsWhatcanhedo?Hecanplaybasketballverywell.Ifwetalkabouttheabilitysomeonehas,weusethemodalverb‘can’.Canyoulistothermodalverbsthatwehavelearned?情態(tài)動詞表能力(can,could)情態(tài)動詞表示推測(must,should,can/could,may/might)情態(tài)動詞表示建議或勸告(should,may)情態(tài)動詞表示請求允許(can,could,would,shall)情態(tài)動詞表示責任與義務(must,should/oughtto,haveto)情態(tài)動詞表示承諾(shall/will)兼做行為動詞的情態(tài)動詞(need,dare)情態(tài)動詞的用法ShecanplaytabletennisHe_______runthe110-meterhurdleracein11seconds.canWhatcanyoudo?Icanswim…IcanspeakJapanese.Ican…Hecan…Shecan…Icouldsingwellasachild.ZhangZiyicoulddanceverywellattheageofseven.Iwasabletomakeacake.Ican/amabletoswim.Icould/wasabletoclimbatreewhenIwasachild.Iwillbeabletoswimnextweek.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryonewasabletogetout.1.can表示現(xiàn)在的能力，強調(diào)可能2.could表示過去的能力3.beableto表能力，可用于多種時態(tài)4.beableto強調(diào)成功地做了某事，強調(diào)結(jié)果情態(tài)動詞表能力情態(tài)動詞表推測可能性的強弱程度must＞should/oughtto＞can/could＞may/mightmust表示推測時，只用于肯定句中，意為“一定〞，“肯定〞。Mustn’t意為“禁止〞。Whosenotebookisthis?ItmustbeJenny’s.Ithashernameonit.

Youhavenoteatenanythingthewholeday.You＿＿＿＿veryhungry.mustbeItsaysJennyonthebook.從他的口音可以推斷出，他肯定是英國人。Judgingbyhisaccent,he______________English.mustbeShould/oughtto表示料想，按常理說應該。Heworksveryhard.He_______passtheexam.Hedoeswellinmaths.He______winaprize.shouldshouldcan表示一時的可能性或理論上的可能性；could表示現(xiàn)在，將來的可能性。Babies_________speakattheageoftwo.Ifyoustudyhard,you________get140points.cancouldThisshirtcannotbeJohn’s.itistoosmallforhim.Can’t表示有把握的否認推測，意為“不可能〞。Mary＿＿＿＿inParis.Isawherintownonlyafewminutesago.Canitbeourheadteacher?It＿＿＿＿him.HehasgonetoShanghai.can’tbecan’tbeMay/might常用肯定，否認句，意為可能…Alicelikesplayingtheguitar.Itmay/mightbeAlice's.Whoseguitaristhis?

Thishairband＿＿＿＿HanMei’s.Shelikeswearingahairband.There＿＿＿＿aterriblestorminthefollowingfewdays.mightbemaybeHe_______________________intheoffice.maynotbe

情態(tài)動詞+havedone，表示對過去的事情進行推測〔1〕musthavedone對過去某事的十分肯定猜測Thegroundiswet.It＿＿＿＿＿＿(rain)lastnight.我上輩子肯定做了什么好事。I________________________somethinggood.

musthaverainedmusthavedone他歌唱得那么好。他肯定練習了很多。Hesingssongssowell.He_________________________(practise)alot.musthavepractised〔2〕may/mighthavedone過去可能做了某事Jennyisnotintheclassroom.She＿＿＿＿＿＿(go)tothelibrary.mayhavegoneShe______________________________(do)theplasticsurgery.may/mighthavedone〔3〕can’t/couldn’thave對過去某事的否認猜測Heishonest.He＿＿＿＿＿＿(cheat)intheexams.can’thavecheated〔4〕should/oughttohavedone過去應該做而未做

I__________________________(study)hard.shouldhavestudied我應該更細心的。I____________________________(be)careful.shouldhavebeen〔5〕shouldn’t/oughtn’ttohavedone過去不應該做而實際上做了Sam_______________________(waste)somuchtimeplayingcomputergames.Shouldn’thavewastedHe_____________________________(eat)thatmuch.Shouldn’thaveeatencouldhavedone〔6〕couldhavedone本來能夠做的〔有能力做〕事實際卻未做到Withalittlemoretime,we＿＿＿＿＿＿(do)thejobbetter.I______________________(pass)theexamination,butIwastoocareless.couldhavepassedNowPleasedothefollowingexercises.1.Isn’tthatAnn’shusbandoverthere?No,it____behimI’msurehedoesn’twearglasses.(04)A.can’tB.mustnotC.won’tD.maynot2.Iheardtheywentskatinginthemountainslastwinter.It___truebecausetherewaslittlesnowthere.(02BJ)A.maynotbeB.won’tbeC.couldn’tbeD.mustn’tbe

3.Withalittlemorecare，you_____thistrafficaccident.A.couldavoidB.wouldavoidC.couldhaveavoidedD.musthaveavoided4.—Shelooksveryhappy.She______havepassedtheexam.—Iguessso.It’snotdifficultafterall.shouldB.couldC.mustD.might5.-I’msorry.I___atyoutheotherday.-Forgetit.Iwasabitoutofcontrolmyself.A.shouldn’tshout B.shouldn’thaveshoutedC.mustn’tshout D.mustn’thaveshouted6.You__theexam,butyouspentallyourtimeplaying.A.canpassB.couldhavepassed C.couldpassD.canhavepassed7.-Catherine,Ihavecleanedtheroomforyou.-Thanks.You____it.Icouldmanageitmyself.A.needn’tdoB.needn’thavedoneC.mustn’tdoD.shouldn’thavedone8.Oneofthefewthingsyou___sayaboutEnglishpeoplewithcertaintyisthattheytalkalotabouttheweather.A.needB.mustC.shouldD.can情態(tài)動詞表示建議或者勸告Youmayasktheteacherforhelp.Youcangotothelibrarytoborrowsomereferencebooks.ShallIopenthedoorforyou?Youshouldn’t/oughtn’ttosmokeanymore,foryouarecoughingsobadly.Thedoctorsuggestedthatyoushouldeatmorefruitandvegetables.Youmustgiveupsmokingforyourhealth.

Canyougivemesomesuggestions?Youcan/May/might/should/must情態(tài)動詞表示提出請求按照委婉程度從小到大排列是：will,can,could,would.●

Willyoucometomyofficeforamoment,please?●

CouldIuseyourbikeforawhile?Yes,youcan.●

Couldyoupleasetellmethewaytotherailwaystation?●

WouldyoumindifIuseyourphone?●

ShallIgetaticketforyou?●

ShallIcleantheblackboardforyou?情態(tài)動詞表示責任與義務Thechairmandemandedthatwe

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solvetheproblematonce.AlthoughLiuXiangissogiftedinhurdlerace,He＿＿workhardtowinthegoldmedalintheOlympics.Ican’tplaybasketballwithyou.I＿＿＿＿lookaftermysister.mustshouldhaveto情態(tài)動詞will,shall表示承諾will側(cè)重說話人的決心，意志，意愿IwillnevergiveupevenifIfailathousandtimes.Hewon’tlistentomehoweverhardIforcemyideaonhim.Iwillmarryheralthoughmyparentsstronglyobjecttothismarriage.Iwillnevertalkaboutitagain.Ifyouwillwaitforhalfanhour,youwillseehim.Shall用于一，三人稱表示說話人對主語的承諾，而用于二，三人稱常表示說話人而非主語的意志，意愿，有命令，威脅的含義。Waitforme.Ishallcomebackintime.Tellhimheshallhavetheticketsbytomorrow.Don’ttrytolietome,boy!Oryoushallnotgetasinglepennyinthefuture.可以兼做行為動詞的情態(tài)動詞need，dare作為情態(tài)動詞使用時，need沒有時態(tài)與人稱的變化，其后直接跟動詞，并且多在否認句，疑問句和條件句中使用，含義為“需要，必須〞。Heneedloseweight.He_____________loseweight._______heloseweight?He_______________loseweight.He_____________________loseweight._______he_________loseweight?

neednotNeedneedstodoesn’tneedtoDoesneedto

NeedIgrowtaller?Yes,you_______.No,you________.mustIwearmake-up?Yes,you_______.No,you________.mustneedn’tmustneedn’t2.needn't+havedone表示“做了本不需要做的事〞。例如：

Youneedn'thavecompletedsomanyexercises.①need作為情態(tài)動詞，一般不在肯定句中使用。在肯定句中通常用must,haveto,oughtto,should等。例如：Youmusttellhimaboutit.

注意：

sth.need/requiredoing

某件事需要被做Thiscarneedsrepairing.=Thiscarneedstoberepaired.一、用作情態(tài)動詞意為“敢〞，其后接動詞原形，通常只用于否認句或疑問句以及if或whether之后，一般不用于肯定句。如：WhodarechallengeZhouinacting?HedarechallengeZhouinacting.________hechallengeZhouinacting?He_____________challengeZhouinacting.Daredarenot注：Idaresay是習慣說法(用于肯定句)，并不一定要譯為“我敢說〞，它所表示的是一種不肯定的語氣，常譯為“大概〞“我想〞。如：Youaretired,Idaresay.Idaresayyou’vespentallyourmoneybynow.后接完成式的用法：假設要談論過去情況，應在其后接動詞完成式。此時同樣只用于否認句或疑問句以及if或whether之后，一般不用于肯定句。如：Ididn’tliketheirnewhouse,thoughIdaren’thavesaidso.Idaren’thavedoneityesterday,butIthinkIdarenow.comparisonsmustn’t/needn’t

You＿＿＿

playwithfire.Itisdangerous.Mom,mustIfinishhomeworktoday?Yes,you＿＿＿./No,you＿＿＿.3.You＿＿＿watchthegameifyoudon’twantto.Mustn’t表示“禁止〞；needn’t表示“不必〞。mustn’tmustneedn’tneedn’tcan,could,beabletobeableto強調(diào)通過努力而獲得的能力，而can那么強調(diào)自身已具有的能力。如：ShecansingthesonginEnglish.HewillbeabletosingthissonginEnglishinafewminutes,too.(2)beableto強調(diào)一種結(jié)果，而can只強調(diào)一種可能。Luckily,hewasabletoescapefromthebigfireintheend.(3)beableto可以有各種時態(tài)；而can只有一般現(xiàn)在和一般過去兩種時態(tài)。如：Icouldhelplastnight,butyoudidn’tcome.Canyouseeitthere?Heis/was/willbeabletohelpyou.(4)can可用于表示可能性，推測，允許等情況，而beableto通常不這樣用。Choosethebestmodalverbs.1.—Whatdoesthesignoverthereread?—“Noperson_____smokeorcarryalightedcigarette,cigarorpipeinthisarea.〞(四川2007)A.will B.mayC.shall D.must2.—How’syourtouraroundtheNorthLake?Isitbeautiful?—It_____be,butitisnowheavilypolluted.(寧夏2007)A.will B.wouldC.should D.must3.Wehopethatasmanypeopleaspossible_____joinusforthepicnictomorrow.(2006全國卷II)A.need B.mustC.should D.can4.—Musthecometosignthispaperhimself?—Yes,he_____.(廣東2006)A.needB.mustC.mayD.will5.John,lookatthetime._____youplaythepianoatsuchalatehour?(2005全國卷III)A.Must B.Can C.May D.Need6.Tom,you_____leaveallyourclothesonthefloorlikethis!(2005全國卷I)A.wouldn’t B.mustn’tC.needn’t D.maynot7.IfI_____plantodoanythingIwantedto,I’dliketogotoTibetandtravelthroughsmuchofitaspossible.(湖北2005)A.would B.couldC.hadto D.oughtto8.—Lucydoesn’tmindlendingyouherdictionary.—She_____.I’vealreadyborrowedone.(湖南2005)A.can’t B.mustn’t C.needn’tD.shouldn’tHaveatry!YouarewritinganarticlefortheschoolmagazineabouthowcitiesarechosentohosttheOlympicGames.Gothroughthelistshowingwhatisimportantforacandidatecity.Thenusetheinformationtocompletethearticle.WhenchoosingacitytohosttheOlympics,therearecertainthingsweneedtoconsider.First,thecity(1)_____(must,should)haveanOlympicstadiumandalso(2)______(hasto,oughtto)providefirst-classtraininggrounds.Thechosencity(3)______(must,should)alsohaveplentyofgoodhotelsand(4)_______(could,must)haveaninternationalairportnearby.Choosethemodalverbstofillintheblanks.must

hastoshouldmustPublictransport(5)_______(hasto,oughtto)beconvenient.Finally,weshouldthinkaboutthepeoplewholiveinthecity.Manyofthepeople(6)_______(should,might)speakatleastalittleEnglish,whichwouldbeveryhelpfulfortourists.oughttoshouldZhouJianpingisinterestedinwinterswimmingandwantstopractiseit.HewrotealettertohisfriendLiMing,awinterswimmer,foradvice.HelpLiMingcompletehisreplyusingmodalverbs.HiJianpingIwasgladtoreceiveyourletterandamhappytotellwhatIthinkaboutwinterswimming.Iknowthatyouareasportsfanandlikeswimmingverymuch.I’mprettysureyou(1)_____swimverywell.However,winterswimming(2)_________bedangerous.Isuggestyoujoinaswimmingclubandlearnfromacoach.Readingabookonwinterswimmingwillalsobehelpful.Goswimmingeverydaythroughsummerandautumn.Whenwintercomes,swimforjustafewminutesatnooneveryday.cancan/couldDosomeexercisesasapreparationbeforeyouswim.Otherwise,you(3)____________hurtyourself.Toprotectyourselffrompossibledangerous,you(4)____________________(not)drinkbeforeswimming.Ifthewaterisverycold,you(5)_____________________(not)swimfortoolong.Whenyougowinterswimming,findagoodplace.may/might/could

mustn’t/shouldn’t/can’tmustn’t/shouldn’t/can’tIt’simportanttofindaplacewhereyou(6)____getinandoutofthewatereasily.Finally,you(7)_______(not)