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雪莉·桑德伯格哈佛大學(xué)2014畢業(yè)典禮演講Congratulationseveryone,youmadeit.AndIdon’tmeantotheendofcollege,Imeantoclassday,becauseifmemoryserves,someofyourclassmateshadtoomanyscorpionbowlsattheKonglastnightandarewithustoday.Giventheweather,theonethingHarvardhasn’tfiguredouthowtocontrol,someofyourotherclassmatesareatsomeplacewarmwithahotcocoa,soyouhavemanyreasonstofeelproudofyourselfasyousitheretoday.Congratulationstoyourparents.Youhavespentalotofmoney,soyourchildcansayshewenttoa“smallschool”nearBoston.Andthankyoutotheclassof2014forinvitingmetothepartofyourcelebration.Itmeansagreattome.Andlookingatthelistofpastspeakerswasalittledaunting.Ican’tbeasfunnyasAmyPoehler,butI’mgonnabefunnierthanMotherTeresa.25yearsago,amannamedDaveIdidnotknowatthetimebutwhowouldonedaybecomemyhusbandwassittingwhereyouaresittingtoday.23yearsago,Iwassittingwhereyouaresittingtoday.DaveandIarebackthisweekendwithouramazingsonanddaughtertocelebratehisreunion,andwebothsharethesamesentiment,Harvardhasagoodbasketballteam.Standinghereintheyardbringsmemoriesfloodingbackforme.IarrivedherefromMiamiinthefallof1987,withbighopesandevenbiggerhear.IwasassignedtoliveinoneofHarvard’shistoricmonumentstogreatarchitecture,canady.Mygo-tooutfit,andI’mnotmakingthisup,wasajeanskirt,whitelegwarmersandsneakersandaFloridasweater,becausemyparentswhowereherewithmethenasthey’reherewithmenow,toldmeeveryonewouldthinkitwasawesomethatIwasfromFlorida.Atleastwedidn’thaveInstagram.Forme,Harvardwasaseriesoffirsts.Myfirstwinnercoat,weneedn’tneedthoseinMiami.Myfirst10pagepaper,theydidn’tassignthoseinmyhighschool.MyfirstC,afterwhichmyproctortoldmethatshewasontheadmissionscommittee,andIgotadmittedtoHarvardformypersonalitynotmyacademicpotential.ThefirstpersonIevermetfromboardingschool.Ithoughtthatwasourreallytroubledkids.ThefirstpersonIevermetwhosharesthenamewithawholebuilding,orsoImetwhenthefirstclassmateImetwasSarahWiddlesworth,whoborenorelationatalltothedorm,whichwouldhavebeennicetoknowwiththatveryintimidatingmoment.ButthenIwentontomeetothers,FrancisStrauss,Jameswells,JessicasciencecenterB.Myfirstlove,myfirstheartbreak,thefirsttimeIrealizedthatIlovetolearn,andthefirstandverylasttimeIsawanyonereadanythinginLatin.WhenIsatinyourseatallthoseyearsago,IknewexactlywhereIwasheaded,Ihaditallplannedout,Iwasgoingtotheworldbanktoworkonglobalpoverty.TheIwouldgotolawschool.AndIwouldspendmylifeworkinginanonprofitorinagovernment.AtHarvard’scommencementtomorrowasyourdeandescribed,eachschoolisgonnastandupandgraduatetogether,thecollege,thelawschool,themedschoolandsoon.Atmygraduation,myclasscheeredforthePHDstudentsandthenbooedthebusinessschool.Businessschoolseemedlikesuchasellout.18monthslater,Iappliedtobusinessschool.Itwasn’twrongaboutwhatIwoulddodecadesaftergraduating.Ihaditwrongayearandahalflater.AndevenifIcouldhavepredictedIwouldonedayworkintheprivatesector,InevercouldhavepredictedFacebook,becausetherewasnointernet,andMarkZuckerbergwasatelementaryschool,alreadywearinghishoody.Notlockingintoapathtooearly,givemeanopportunitytogointoanewandlifechangingfield.AndforthoseofyouwhothinkIoweeverythingtogoodluck,afterCanadayIgotQuaded.Thereisnostraightpathfromyourseattodaytowhereyouaregoing.Don’ttrytodrawthatline.Youwillnotjustgetitwrong.YouwillmissbigopportunitiesandImeanbig,liketheinternet.Careersarenotladders.Thosedaysarelonggone,butjunglegyms.Don’tjustmoveupanddown.Don’tjustlookup.Lookbackwards,sideways,aroundcorners.Yourcareerandyourlifewillhavestartsandstopsandzigsandzags.Don’tstressoutaboutthewhitespace,thepathyoucantry,becausethereinlivesboththesurprisesandtheopportunities.Asyouopenyourselfuptopossibility,themostimportantthingIcantellyoutodayistoopenyourselfuptohonesty,totellingthetruthtoeachother,tobehonestytoyourselves,andtobehonestabouttheworldwelivein.Ifyouwatchedchildren,youwillimmediatelynoticehowhonesttheyare.Myfriendbestywaspregnantandhersonforthesecondchild,sonSamwas5,hewantedtoknowwherethebabywasinherbody.Soyesmommy,arethebabiesarmsinyourarms?Andshesaid,nonosam,baby’sinmytummy,wholebaby.Mom,arethebaby’slegsinyourlegs?No,sam,wholebaby’sinmytummy.Thenmommy,what’sgrowinginyourbutt?Asadults,wearealmostneverdishonestandthatcanbeaverygoodthing,WhenIwaspregnantwithourfirstchild,IaskedmyhusbandDaveifmybuttwasgettingbig.Atfirst,hedidn’tanswerbutIpressed.Sohesaid,yea,alittle.Foryearsmysister-in-lowsaidhimwhatpeoplewillnowsayaboutyoufortherestofyourlifewhenyoudosomethingdone,andthatguywenttoHarvard.Hearingthetruthatdifferenttimesalongthewaywouldhavehelpedme.IwouldnothaveadmittediteasilywhenIsatwhereyousit.ButwhenIgraduated,Iwasmuchmoreworriedaboutmylovelifethanmycareer.IthoughtIonlyhadafewyearsverylimitedtimetofindoneofthegoodguys,beforehewasto,orbeforetheywerealltaken,orIgettooold.SoImovedtoDC,andmettheguy,andIgotmarriedatthenearlydecrepitageof24.Imarriedawonderawonderfulman,butIhadnobusinessmakingthatkindofcommitmer.Ididn’tknowwhoIwasorwhoIwantedtobe.Mymarriagefellapartwithinayear,somethingthatwasreallyembarrassingandpainfulatthetime,anditdidnothelpthatsomanyfriendscameuptomeandsaid:”Ineverknewthat,neverthoughtthatwasgoingtoworkorIknewyouweren’trightforeachother.NoonehadmanagedtosayanythinglikethattomebeforeImarcheddownanaislewhenitwouldhavebeenfarmoreuseful.AndasIlivedthroughthesepainfulmonthsofseparationanddivorce,boy,didIwishthehad?Andboy,didIwishIhadaskedthem?AtthesametimeinmyYes,therearewomenwhorunFortune500companies,5percenttobeprecise,butourroadthereisstillpavedwithwordslikepussyandbossy,whileourmalepeersareleadersandresultsfocused.African-Americanwomenhavetoprovethatthey'renotangry.Latinosriskbeingbrandedfieryhothead.AgroupofAsian-AmericanwomenandmeninFacebookworepinsonedaythatsaidImayormaynotbegoodenough.Yes,Harvardhasawomanpresident,andintwoyears,theUnitedStatesmayhaveawomanpresident.Butinordertogetthere,HillaryClintonisgonnahavetoovercome2veryrealobstacles,unknownandoftenununderstoodgenderbias,andevenworse,adegreefromYale.Youcanchallengestereotypesthat'ssubtleandobvious.AtFacebook,wehavepostersaroundthewalltoinspireus,Doneisbetterthanperfect,Fortunefavorsthebold.Whatwouldyoudoifyouweren'tafraid?MynewfavoritenothingatFacebookissomeoneelse'sproblem.Ihopeyoufeelthatwayabouttheproblemsyouseeintheworld.,becausetheyarenotsomeoneelse'sproblem.Genderinequalityharmsmenalongwithwomen.RacismhurtsWhitesalongwithMinorities.Andthelackofequalopportunitykeepsallofusfromfailingourtruepotential.Soasyougraduatetoday,Iwanttoputsomepressureonyou,Iwanttoputsomepressureonyoutoacknowledgethehardtruths,notshyawayfromthem,andwhenyouseethemtoaddressthem.ThefirsttimeIspokeoutaboutwhatitwasliketobeawomanintheworkforcewaslessthanfiveyearsago.Thatmeansthatfor18yearsfromwhereyousittowhereIstand,mysilenceimpliedthateverythingwasokay.YoucandobetterthanIdid.AndImeanthatsosincerely.Atthesametime,Iwanttotakesomepressureoffyou,Sittingheretodayyoudon'thavetoknowwhatcareeryouwantorhowtogetthecareeryoumightwant.LeaningindoesnotmeanyourpathwillbestraightorsmoothandmostpeoplewhomakegreatcontributionstartwaylaterthanMarkZuckerberg.Findajunglegymyouwanttoplayandstartclimbing,notonlywillyoufigureoutwhatyouwanttodoeventually,butonceyoudo,you'llcrushit.Lookingatyouallheretoday,I'mfilledwithhope.Allofyouwhowereadmittedtoa"smallschool"nearBoston,eitherforyouracademicpotentialoryourpersonalityorboth,you'vehadyourfirst,whetherit'sawintercoat,aloveoraC,you'velearnedmoreaboutwhoyouareandwhoyouwanttobe.Andmostimportantly,you'veexperiencedthepowerofcommunity,youknowthatwhileyouareextraordinaryonyourown,weareallstrongerandcanbeloudertogether.IknowthatyouwillneverforgetHarvard,andHarvardwillneverforgetyou,especiallyduringthenextfundraisingdrive.Tomorrow,youallbecomepartofalifelongcommunity,whichofferstrulygreatopportunity,andthereforecomeswithrealobligation.Youcanmaketheworldfairforeveryone,expecthonestyfromyourselfandeachother,demandandcreatetrulyequalopportunity,noteventually,butnow.Andtomorrowbytheway,yougetsomethingMarkZuckerbergdoesnothave,aHarvarddegree.Congratulations,everyone!祝賀所有人,你們做到了。我指的不是大學(xué)畢業(yè),而是成功出席今天的畢業(yè)典禮。如果我們記錯(cuò),某些同學(xué)雖然昨晚在香港餐廳喝了太多蝎子碗調(diào)酒,但今天還是來(lái)了。由于天氣,這種哈佛還沒(méi)有弄清楚如何控制的現(xiàn)象,還有同學(xué)正在溫暖的地方喝熱可可飲料,所以,你們有很多為今天出席畢業(yè)日活動(dòng)感到自豪的理由。祝賀你們的家長(zhǎng),你們花了很多錢(qián),讓子女能夠說(shuō)自己是從波士頓附近的這所“小學(xué)校“畢業(yè)的。還要感謝2014屆畢業(yè)生邀請(qǐng)我來(lái)到這次盛典。這對(duì)我價(jià)值巨大。看到過(guò)往演講者的名單讓人有些敬畏。我肯定沒(méi)有艾米·波樂(lè)那么搞笑,但我至少比特雷薩修女更幽默。25年前,一個(gè)我當(dāng)時(shí)還不認(rèn)識(shí),但以后會(huì)成為我丈夫的男人戴夫,坐在你們現(xiàn)在坐的地方。23年前,我坐在你們現(xiàn)在坐的地方。戴夫和我這周末,帶著可愛(ài)的子女回校。我們都懷有相同的感觸:哈佛的籃球隊(duì)太棒了!站在校園中,回憶泉涌。19876年秋天,我從邁阿密來(lái)到這里,懷揣著偉大的夢(mèng)想,還有更夸張的發(fā)型。我被分配到哈佛偉大建筑的一座歷史豐碑,卡納迪樓,我是說(shuō)真的,我當(dāng)時(shí)穿著牛仔裙,白色暖腿襪套,運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋,還有一件弗羅里達(dá)羊毛衫。因?yàn)楫?dāng)時(shí)我的父母告訴我,所有人都會(huì)人為來(lái)自弗羅里達(dá)的人很酷。至少,我們那時(shí)沒(méi)有Instagram。對(duì)我而言,哈佛給了我很多第一次,包括我的第一件冬裝,在邁阿密沒(méi)人需要冬裝。我的第一份10頁(yè)論文,高中沒(méi)人會(huì)布置這么長(zhǎng)的作業(yè),我第一次得C,這之后,我的學(xué)監(jiān)告訴我說(shuō),她在招生委員會(huì),她招我進(jìn)來(lái)不是因?yàn)槲业膶W(xué)術(shù)潛能,而是因?yàn)槲业钠沸浴N以诩乃迣W(xué)??吹降牡谝粋€(gè)人,我就覺(jué)得這個(gè)人會(huì)是個(gè)大麻煩。我還碰到了第一個(gè)名字同整座建筑一樣的人,這個(gè)人的名字叫做薩拉·威格爾斯沃斯,她和那棟宿舍樓沒(méi)有關(guān)系,當(dāng)時(shí)我很震驚,知道她和宿舍樓沒(méi)有關(guān)系后,我松了一口氣。之后,我還碰到了其他人,弗朗西斯·斯特勞斯,詹姆斯·威爾斯,杰西卡科學(xué)中心B。我第一位愛(ài)人,第一位讓我心碎的人,我第一次認(rèn)識(shí)到自己熱愛(ài)學(xué)習(xí),第一次也是最后一次遇到有人在讀拉丁文。我畢業(yè)那年,我想好了自己以后有什么計(jì)劃,我要進(jìn)世界銀行,對(duì)抗全球貧窮,然后我要去法學(xué)院,然后我將在非營(yíng)利機(jī)構(gòu)或政府工作,你們?cè)洪L(zhǎng)也講了,在明天的哈佛畢業(yè)典禮上,每個(gè)學(xué)院都要起立并一同畢業(yè),本科部嗎、法學(xué)院、醫(yī)學(xué)院等等。我畢業(yè)時(shí),我們班為博士生歡呼,然后噓了商學(xué)院,商學(xué)院似乎很不受歡迎。18個(gè)月后,我就申請(qǐng)了商學(xué)院。我對(duì)自己畢業(yè)后的數(shù)十年規(guī)劃其實(shí)并沒(méi)錯(cuò),計(jì)劃只錯(cuò)在了一年后,就算我算到了自己會(huì)在私營(yíng)企業(yè)工作,我肯定算不到自己會(huì)在臉譜,那時(shí)候沒(méi)有互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。那時(shí)候馬克·扎克伯格還在讀小學(xué),已經(jīng)開(kāi)始穿他的標(biāo)志性帽衫了。沒(méi)有太早鎖死自己的道路,讓我有機(jī)會(huì)進(jìn)入改變生活的全新領(lǐng)域。有些人可能認(rèn)為我運(yùn)氣好,我想說(shuō),卡納迪樓后,我又被安排到了方院。從你們所坐的地方倒你們要去的地方是沒(méi)有直路的,不要嘗試畫(huà)這樣的直線,這不僅會(huì)出錯(cuò),還會(huì)錯(cuò)失大機(jī)遇,我說(shuō)的是大機(jī)遇,例如像互聯(lián)網(wǎng)這樣。職業(yè)不是梯子,那種時(shí)代一去不返了,職業(yè)更像是立體方格鐵架,不要只上下移動(dòng),不要只往上看,還要往回看,往旁邊看,看轉(zhuǎn)角周?chē)D愕穆殬I(yè)和生活會(huì)有始終,會(huì)有曲折,不要對(duì)未來(lái)的道路太過(guò)憂(yōu)慮,因?yàn)樯钪谐錆M(mǎn)了驚喜和機(jī)遇,你需要對(duì)各種可能性持開(kāi)放態(tài)度。今天我要講的最重要的一點(diǎn)就是,對(duì)誠(chéng)實(shí)保持開(kāi)放的態(tài)度。相互之間說(shuō)老實(shí)話,對(duì)自己誠(chéng)實(shí),也對(duì)我們所生活的世界誠(chéng)實(shí)??纯瓷磉叺暮⒆樱憔椭浪麄冇卸嗾\(chéng)實(shí),我朋友貝琪懷孕后,她五歲的兒子山姆想知道寶寶在她身體里的什么地方。他問(wèn),媽媽?zhuān)瑢殞毜母觳苍谀愕母觳怖飭??她說(shuō),不是,整個(gè)寶寶在我的肚子里。他又問(wèn),媽媽?zhuān)瑢殞毜耐仍谀愕耐壤飭幔克卮?,不山姆,整個(gè)寶寶在我的肚子里。然后,山姆問(wèn)道,那你的屁股里有什么?作為成年人,我們幾乎一直很誠(chéng)實(shí),這是很難得的好事。我懷孕的時(shí)候,我問(wèn)我丈夫我的屁股有沒(méi)有變大,起初他說(shuō)沒(méi)有,但我不斷施壓,最后,他說(shuō),好吧,有一點(diǎn)。我的小姑子一直說(shuō)我丈夫,也是你們以后在生活中經(jīng)常會(huì)聽(tīng)到有人說(shuō)到的:“這家伙竟然是哈佛出來(lái)的?!痹谌松猛局校绻?tīng)到一些真話會(huì)對(duì)我很有幫助,我在你們這個(gè)年齡的時(shí)候,還沒(méi)有領(lǐng)會(huì)到這一點(diǎn)。在我畢業(yè)的時(shí)候,我對(duì)愛(ài)情生活的關(guān)心大于事業(yè),我認(rèn)為自己沒(méi)有什么時(shí)間了,必須趕緊找個(gè)好男人結(jié)婚,以免所有好男人都別人被搶走,或者我太老了。于是,我搬到哥倫畢業(yè)特區(qū),在我24歲的時(shí)候結(jié)婚了。那個(gè)男人很不錯(cuò),但我倆似乎總是相處不好,我變得不知道自己是誰(shuí),也不知道未來(lái)在哪里。一年不到,我的婚姻以失敗告終,當(dāng)時(shí)我非常難堪,非常痛苦。很多朋友來(lái)安慰我,但毫無(wú)幫助,他們說(shuō),我就知道你們倆結(jié)婚行不通,我就知道你們倆不合適。沒(méi)有人在我婚姻之前跟我說(shuō)這些,事前告訴我這些肯定會(huì)更有用。我熬過(guò)了離婚后的這些痛苦時(shí)光,我多希望他們?cè)瓉?lái)有給過(guò)我建議,我多希望我曾經(jīng)問(wèn)過(guò)他們。而在我的職業(yè)生涯中,確實(shí)有人毫無(wú)保留地說(shuō)出了實(shí)話。本科后,我的第一任老板是蘭特·普利切特,肯尼迪學(xué)院授課的一位經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家,他今天也在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。我第二次考慮法學(xué)院時(shí),蘭特跟我說(shuō),我不認(rèn)為你應(yīng)該去法學(xué)院,我也不認(rèn)為你想去法學(xué)院。你認(rèn)為自己應(yīng)該去,大概只是你父母一直以來(lái)的要求。他注意到,我在談話中從未表現(xiàn)出對(duì)法律的任何興趣。我知道相互之間坦誠(chéng)相見(jiàn)有多么難,哪怕最親密的朋友,哪怕是在他們可能犯嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤的時(shí)候,不過(guò)我敢打賭,在座的各位知道自己親密朋友的強(qiáng)項(xiàng)和弱項(xiàng),知道他們可能掉落在哪個(gè)懸崖。我也敢打賭,大部分時(shí)候,你們并沒(méi)有告訴他們,他們也從沒(méi)問(wèn)過(guò)。去問(wèn)這些問(wèn)題,真相會(huì)越問(wèn)越明。朋友城市回答時(shí),你就知道他們是你真正的朋友了。養(yǎng)成尋求反饋的習(xí)慣非常重要,特別是在離開(kāi)學(xué)校系統(tǒng),沒(méi)了考試和分?jǐn)?shù)之后。很多工作中,如果你想知道自己干得怎么樣,你就需要去詢(xún)問(wèn),而且不要因?yàn)槁?tīng)到不喜歡聽(tīng)的而覺(jué)得受到冒犯。毫無(wú)疑問(wèn),聽(tīng)人批評(píng)絕對(duì)不會(huì)讓人高興,但我們只能在批評(píng)中進(jìn)步。幾年前,馬克·扎克伯格決定要學(xué)中文。為了練習(xí),他開(kāi)始嘗試在一些工作會(huì)議中,同中文母語(yǔ)同事交流。你們估計(jì)可以想到,他那有限的中文水平,會(huì)讓談話很難正常進(jìn)行。一天,他問(wèn)一位女性,在臉譜工作怎么樣。她用了一個(gè)很長(zhǎng)很復(fù)雜的句子回答。他說(shuō),請(qǐng)簡(jiǎn)單些。她又說(shuō)了一次。再簡(jiǎn)單些。經(jīng)過(guò)幾次后,她只好說(shuō)了一句很簡(jiǎn)單的話“我的經(jīng)理很糟糕?!彼?tīng)懂了。通常,真相都成了避免沖突的犧牲品。我們?cè)谥v真相時(shí),總喜歡使用很多修飾,很多委婉語(yǔ),淹沒(méi)了真正要傳達(dá)的信息。我希望你們?cè)谙蛩嗽?xún)問(wèn)真相的時(shí)候,能用簡(jiǎn)單明了的語(yǔ)言相互交流。講到自己的真相時(shí),也應(yīng)使用簡(jiǎn)單明了的語(yǔ)言。同他人坦誠(chéng)相見(jiàn)很困難,坦誠(chéng)對(duì)待自己的想法甚至更難。我有了小孩后,經(jīng)常會(huì)和自己說(shuō),我對(duì)工作并不感到內(nèi)疚,哪怕沒(méi)有人問(wèn)我的時(shí)候。有人跟我說(shuō),雪莉,今天過(guò)得如何。我會(huì)說(shuō),很棒,我對(duì)工作并不感到內(nèi)疚。有人說(shuō),我需要一件羊毛衫嗎?我說(shuō),沒(méi)錯(cuò),外面很冷,我對(duì)工作并不感到內(nèi)疚。我就像一只學(xué)舌的鸚鵡。有天,我在跑步機(jī)上,正在讀社會(huì)學(xué)雜志上的論文。上面寫(xiě)道,相比對(duì)他人撒謊,人們更喜歡對(duì)自己撒謊,而重復(fù)最多的那些話,通常就是謊言。我臉上汗如雨下,心想,我重復(fù)最多的一句話是什么,我意識(shí)到了,我對(duì)工作感到內(nèi)疚,我做了大量的研究,我同好友內(nèi)爾·斯克維爾花了一整年的時(shí)間,寫(xiě)了一本書(shū),講我的想法和感受。世界上很多女性都同它產(chǎn)生了共鳴,這讓我很欣慰。我的書(shū)名叫做《格雷的五十道陰影》,可見(jiàn),你們很多人也都讀過(guò)這本書(shū)。對(duì)于我們所生活的世界保持誠(chéng)實(shí),我們還有很多要做。我們并不總能看到真相,就算看到了,我們經(jīng)常也沒(méi)有大聲說(shuō)出的勇氣。我和同學(xué)們?cè)谧x大學(xué)時(shí),認(rèn)為性格平等的斗爭(zhēng)已經(jīng)結(jié)束。沒(méi)錯(cuò),大部分行業(yè)的領(lǐng)袖都是男性,但改變應(yīng)該只是時(shí)間的問(wèn)題。那邊的拉蒙特圖書(shū)館,就在我們之前一代人的時(shí)間里,不允許女性進(jìn)入,但在我們畢業(yè)那時(shí),一切都平等了。哈佛和拉德克里夫完全統(tǒng)一了。我們不需要女權(quán)主義,因?yàn)槲覀円呀?jīng)得到了平等。我們錯(cuò)了,我錯(cuò)了,世界在那時(shí)并不平等,現(xiàn)在也不平等。我認(rèn)為現(xiàn)如今,我們并不只是假裝沒(méi)看到真相,并對(duì)不平等視而不見(jiàn),我們還在
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