2023學(xué)年完整公開課版語法定從

第8講

定語從句

作定語的從句被稱為定語從句,定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞,引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞,關(guān)系詞分為兩種:1.關(guān)系代詞。2.關(guān)系副詞?？键c1關(guān)系代詞【考題小練】1.Threemonthsago,Xireturnedtohishighschool,tovisitalaboratoryandtalktoteachersandstudents________weredesigningthesmallsatellite.who/that2.Thebooktellsussomeskillssuchashowtoputeverything____wehavelearnedfromlifeintobeautifulpictures.3.Thisisthescientist______nameisknownalloverthecountry.thatwhose【考點精講】關(guān)系代詞一覽表關(guān)系代詞先行詞句法功能who人主語、賓語(限制性定語從句中可省略)、表語whom人賓語(限制性定語從句中可省略)關(guān)系代詞先行詞句法功能whose(=ofwhom/ofwhich)人或物定語that人或物主語、賓語(限制性定語從句中可省略)、表語which物主語、賓語(限制性定語從句中可省略)、表語as人或物主語、賓語、表語1.限制性定語從句中,只用that不用which的情況(1)先行詞是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none等不定代詞時。*Trytoaskothersifthereisanythingthatyoucandotomaketheirdaybetter.(2)先行詞被theonly,any,few,no,very等修飾時。*TheonlypartofthemealthatIreallylikedwasthedessert.(3)先行詞是形容詞的最高級或序數(shù)詞或被形容詞最高級、序數(shù)詞修飾時。*ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatI’veeverseen.(4)先行詞既有人也有物時。*Theywillneverforgetthethingsandpersonsthat

they’veseenorheardofduringtheirlongjourney.(5)主句的主語是疑問詞who或which時。*Whichisthebikethatyoulost?2.只用which不用that的情況(1)關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時。*Weliveinanageinwhichmoreinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore.(2)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時。*TheancientcityofPhoenixisapopulartouristattractioninChina,whichdatesbacktotheSpringandAutumnPeriod.3.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的as與which位置不同表意不同as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句既可以放在主句前,也可以放在主句后,有時還可插入主句中意為“正如……”,后面的謂語動詞多用see,know,expect,say,mention,report等which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句通常放在主句之后意為“這一點”或“這件事”等*Asisknowntoall,thesunrisesintheeast.*Aftergraduatingfromcollege,Itooksometimeofftogotravelling,whichturnedouttobeawisedecision.【題組訓(xùn)練】1.Thevideo,______lengthwasjust7seconds,hasbeenviewedmorethan19milliontimesinjusttwodays. 世紀(jì)金榜導(dǎo)學(xué)號2.Tothose_________havereadthebook,theyoungactorsandactressesbroughtthecharactersaliveagain.

whosewho/that3.___isexpected,theseprogramsshouldbepositiveintheirformsaswellasfunctions.As考點2關(guān)系副詞【考題小練】1.Solongasyousticktoit,themomentwilldefinitelycome_____youcanhaveyourdreamcometrue.2.WhenIturnedaround,Isawaredcarlikemyowncomeoutofthestreet______Ihadparked.whenwhere【考點精講】關(guān)系副詞一覽表關(guān)系副詞先行詞句法功能when時間時間狀語where地點、情形、狀況、活動、關(guān)鍵點等地點狀語why原因原因狀語*Unfortunately,fewpeoplespeakEnglishintheenvironmentwherewelive.*Mygrandmotherlivedinagenerationwhenwomenwerelookeddownupon.*Doyouknowthereasonwhyhedidn’tattendthemeeting?【點津】(1)如果定語從句修飾point,situation,part,stage,condition和case等表示抽象意義的詞,定語從句常用where引導(dǎo),意思是“到了某種地步,在某種境況下”(前提是從句中缺少狀語)。(2)當(dāng)way表示方法、方式作先行詞,且后面的定語從句缺少方式狀語時可以用that或inwhich引導(dǎo)定語從句,也可以省略關(guān)系詞。如果后面定語從句中缺少賓語,要用that或which引導(dǎo)定語從句,也可以省略關(guān)系詞。*Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbutthewayinwhich(that/不填)hesaidit.【題組訓(xùn)練】1.Therearetimes_____nothingseemstogoourway.Sowhatdowedoaboutit?2.Veryfewparentsareagitatingfor(倡導(dǎo))computerinstructioninpoorschooldistricts,______theremaybebarelyenoughmoneytopaytheteacher.whenwhere3.Shedidn’ttellmethereason____sherefusedtheoffer.4.Theyhavereachedthepoint______theyhavetoseparatefromeachother. 世紀(jì)金榜導(dǎo)學(xué)號whywhere考點3介詞+關(guān)系代詞【考題小練】1.Isthisthepenwith______youwrotetheletter?2.Thisistheman_____whomIlearntthenews.3.Thereason___whichherefusedtogotothepartywasthattheyhadnotinvitedhimto.whichfromfor【考點精講】在“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”中介詞的選擇依據(jù)1.定語從句中動詞與介詞的搭配*Windpowerisanancientsourceofenergytowhich

wemayreturninthenearfuture.2.定語從句中形容詞與介詞的搭配習(xí)慣*Heboughtthecarformorethan$20,000,with

whichhisfatherwasangry.3.根據(jù)句意或者先行詞與介詞的搭配習(xí)慣確定介詞*Iamlookingformyglasses,withoutwhichIcan’twatchTVclearly.4.表示所屬關(guān)系的ofwhich/whom*Recently,Iboughtanancientvase,thepriceofwhichwasveryreasonable.注意:the+n.+ofwhich(whom)可與whose+n.互換。5.表示整體與部分關(guān)系的ofwhich/whom*Hehastencousins,theyoungestofwhomisveryclever.【點津】選擇介詞的3個原則1.根據(jù)句子意思表達(dá)的需要;2.根據(jù)從句中動詞或形容詞與介詞的搭配習(xí)慣;3.根據(jù)先行詞和介詞的搭配習(xí)慣?！绢}組訓(xùn)練】1.Thetwothings__whichtheyfeltproudwereJim’sgoldwatchandDella’shair.2.Thisisnotthebookof______theteacherspokeinclass.3.Theman,from______Ilearnedthenews,isanengineer.ofwhichwhom【高考呈現(xiàn)】

1.(2018·全國卷I)Themediannumberofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.【難句分析】

分析:本句是一個包含非限制性定語從句的復(fù)合句,which指代逗號前的整個句子。翻譯:全球不同語言使用人數(shù)的平均值僅是6000,這意味著世界上有一半的語言的使用人數(shù)不到6000.

2.(2018·全國卷II)We’veallbeenthere:inalift,inlineatthebankoronanairplane,surroundedbypeoplewhoare,likeus,deeplyfocusedontheirsmartphonesor,worse,strugglingwiththeuncomfortablesilence.分析:冒號后面的內(nèi)容用來解釋there的具體內(nèi)容;surroundedbypeople是過去分詞短語作狀語;people后接who引導(dǎo)的定語從句。翻譯:我們都曾處于這樣的場合——在電梯里,在銀行(排隊的)隊列里或在飛機(jī)上,我們周圍的人,像我們一樣,認(rèn)真地關(guān)注著他們的智能手機(jī),或者更糟糕的是,他們在與令人不安的沉寂作斗爭。Ⅰ.語法填空解題技法【高考試水區(qū)】1.(2018·全國卷I)Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014__________showedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromallcauses.

that/which2.(2017·全國卷I)Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth,______isnotgoodforthehealth.3.(2017·全國卷III)ButSarah,____hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.whichwho【微技能點撥】關(guān)系詞應(yīng)遵循“缺什么,補什么”的原則①如果先行詞指人,定語從句中缺少主語,限制性定語從句中用who/that;非限制性定語從句中用who。②如果先行詞指人,定語從句中缺少賓語,限制性定語從句中用who/that/whom;非限制性定語從句中用whom。③如果先行詞指物,定語從句中缺少主語或賓語,限制性定語從句中用which/that;非限制性定語從句用which。④如果先行詞指時間或地點,定語從句中缺少時間狀語或地點狀語,則用when或where;如果缺少主語或賓語,則用th