研究生英語(yǔ)第七課課件

IntroductiontotheAuthorDiscourseAnalysisVocabularyLanguagePointsIntroductiontotheAuthorMartinLutherKing,Jr.wasanAmerican

clergyman,activist,andprominentleaderinthe

African-AmericanCivilRightsMovement.Heisbestknownforbeinganiconicfigureintheadvancementof

civilrightsintheUnitedStatesandaroundtheworld,using

nonviolent

methodsfollowingtheteachingsof

MahatmaGandhi.Kinghasbecomeanationaliconinthehistoryof

modernAmericanliberalism.

(January15,1929

–April4,1968)MartinLutherKing,Jr.A

Baptist

minister,Kingbecamea

civilrightsactivist

earlyinhiscareer.Heledthe1955

MontgomeryBusBoycott

andhelpedfoundthe

SouthernChristianLeadershipConference

in1957,servingasitsfirstpresident.King'seffortsledtothe1963

MarchonWashington,whereKingdeliveredhis

"IHaveaDream"

speech.There,heexpandedAmericanvaluestoincludethevisionofacolorblindsociety,andestablishedhisreputationasoneofthegreatestoratorsinAmericanhistory.

(January15,1929

–April4,1968)IntroductiontotheAuthorMartinLutherKing,Jr.In1964,Kingbecametheyoungestpersontoreceivethe

NobelPeacePrize

forhisworktoend

racialsegregation

and

racialdiscrimination

through

civildisobedience

andothernonviolentmeans.Bythetimeofhisdeathin1968,hehadrefocusedhiseffortsonendingpovertyandstoppingthe

VietnamWar.

(January15,1929

–April4,1968)IntroductiontotheAuthorIntroductiontotheAuthorDiscourseAnalysisVocabularyLanguagePointsPart1:Thetimehascomeforpeacenow–thetimehascomeformantoexperimentwithnonviolenceinallareasofhumanconflict,andthatmeansnonviolenceonaninternationalscale.Para.1-2DiscourseAnalysisA.Para.3-5

Ifwearetohavepeaceonearth,ourloyaltiesmustbecomeecumenicalratherthansectional.Ourloyaltiesmusttranscendourrace,ourtribe,ourclass,andournation;andthismeanswemustdevelopaworldperspective.DiscourseAnalysisB.Para.6-7

Ifwearetohavepeaceintheworld,menandnationsmustembracethenonviolentaffirmationthatendsandmeansmustcohere.DiscourseAnalysisC.Para.8-9

Ifwearetohavepeaceonearthandgoodwilltowardsmen,allmustalsobeconcernedaboutthenonviolentaffirmationofthesacrednessofallhumanlife.DiscourseAnalysis1.transcend:togobeyondtherangeof超出，超越Eg:Theseissuestranscendborders.這些問(wèn)題跨越國(guó)界。Itcanimplementbondsoffriendshipandrespectbytiesthattranscendlanguageandsemantics.通過(guò)超越語(yǔ)言和語(yǔ)義的紐帶，它能落實(shí)友情和尊重。Vocabulary2.behold:tosee看Eg:Behold,hewasstandingbythecamelsatthespring.見(jiàn)他仍站在靠近水泉的駱駝旁。

Adamhadawakenedfromhisdeepsleep,behold!TherewasEve.亞當(dāng)已經(jīng)從酣睡中蘇醒了，看吧！夏娃就在那里。Vocabulary4.inescapable:thatcannotbeavoided;不可逃避的，不可避免的Eg:Itisinescapablepartofanystateapparatus.它是任何國(guó)家機(jī)器的不可分割的一部分。Vocabulary5.Mutuality：conditionofbeingcommon共性，相關(guān)性，相互關(guān)聯(lián)Eg:Theword"mutuality,"thoughoftenusedinconnectionwiththelawofContracts,hasnodefinitemeaning.“相互性”一詞雖然經(jīng)常在與契約法的聯(lián)系中使用，卻沒(méi)有確定的含義。 Vocabulary6.Desirous:havingawishoffor希望，渴望Eg:TherewillbemoreandmoredesirousoflearningandstudyingChinesecharacters.未來(lái)將會(huì)有越來(lái)越多的人學(xué)習(xí)和研究漢字。Thewomanseemeddesirous,Yetreluctant,tospeak,andansweredinlow,mysterioustone.那婦人好象想說(shuō)，但又有點(diǎn)躊躇，她放低了嗓門(mén)神秘地說(shuō)。Vocabulary7.philosophical：

concerningorrelatedtohilosophy哲學(xué)的eg：Thephilosophicalrationaleisthatlearningtoread,likelearningtospeak,isanaturalactthatchildrencanessentiallyteachthemselveshowtodo.這個(gè)主張的哲學(xué)根據(jù)是，學(xué)習(xí)閱讀就像學(xué)習(xí)說(shuō)話一樣，是自然行為，孩子本來(lái)就有能力自行學(xué)習(xí)及修正。Vocabulary8.Vagary:strange,unusualorcapriciouschange怪異多變的，突發(fā)奇想Eg：Thebuildingofthishouseintheshapeofthetemplewasarichman'svagary.這個(gè)建筑物的格局以有錢(qián)人的奇想為形式。Vocabulary9.Wisp：smallseparatebunch,bundleortwist小束，小縷Eg：Anywispofcloudcouldcoveracrescentmoon.Myfuturewasdark.一點(diǎn)云便能把月牙遮住，我的將來(lái)是黑暗。Vocabulary11.Ideological:concerningorrelatedtoasetofideas,especiallytypicalofasocialorpoliticalgroup思想的，意識(shí)形態(tài)的Eg：Theymustdowellbothinpoliticalandideologicalworkandineconomicconstruction.一方面要搞好政治思想工作，一方面要搞好經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)。Vocabulary12.ominous:suggestingthatsth.badisabouttohappen;threatening不祥的，不吉的，險(xiǎn)惡的Eg：Thoseblackcloudslookominousforourpicnic.那些烏云對(duì)我們的野餐來(lái)說(shuō)是個(gè)不祥之兆。She

often

has

an

ominous

presentiment

.

她時(shí)時(shí)有一種不祥的預(yù)感。Vocabulary14.obsolete:nolongerused;outofdate不再使用的，過(guò)時(shí)的Eg：All

thetime

I'm

thinking

,

we

areall

obsolete

.

我無(wú)時(shí)無(wú)刻不在想，我們都跟不上時(shí)代。Yet

systems

can

quickly

obsolete

.

但新的系統(tǒng)可能很快就會(huì)過(guò)時(shí)。Vocabulary15.anew:inanewordifferentway;again重新，再Eg：As

our

case

is

new

,so

we

must

think

anew

and

act

anew

.

由于我們遇到的是前所未有的新問(wèn)題，我們必須有新的思想，并采取新的行動(dòng)。You

havenly

today

to

begin

anew

and

follow

your

dreams

.

只有今天，你才能重新開(kāi)始并追隨你的夢(mèng)想。VocabularyIntroductiontotheAuthorDiscourseAnalysisVocabularyLanguagePoints1.ThisChristmasseasonfindsusaratherbewilderedhumanrace.(line1;par.1):

Wefindourselvesratherbewildered(confusedandnotcertainwhattodo)inthisChristmasseason.這個(gè)圣誕節(jié)讓我們發(fā)現(xiàn)人們是如此的困惑與不解。LanguagePointsbewilder:confusedandnotcertainwhattodovt.使迷惑，使難住Shewastotallybewilderedbyhissuddenchangeofmood.LanguagePoints2.Everywhereparalyzingfearharrowpeoplebyday

andhauntbynight.(line2,par1)

Everywherepeoplearedistressedanddisturbedbystunningfeardayandnight.令人麻痹的恐慌在白天困擾著人們的心靈，在夜晚也讓人縈繞于心。LanguagePointsparalyze:tomakesomeoneunabletothinkorbehavenormally,especiallybyfrighteningthem;stun(尤指通過(guò)恐嚇)使喪失正常思考或行為能力，使嚇呆；嚇癱；呆若木雞LanguagePointsLanguagePoints他被自己看到的景象嚇呆了。①Whathesawlefthimparalyzedwithfright.恐懼使我頭腦發(fā)呆。②Fearparalyzedmymind.她被恐怖事件嚇得目瞪口呆。③Shewasparalyzedwithterror.harrow:torment,vex折磨；使苦惱；痛苦LanguagePointsLanguagePoints他講鬼故事使我們不安。①Heharroweduswithataleofghosts.那次船難是一個(gè)慘痛的經(jīng)歷。②Theshipwreckwasaharrowingexperience.那是一次折磨人的面試。③Itwasaharrowinginterview.難聽(tīng)的話傷了她的感情。④Harshwordsharrowedherfeelings.haunt:disturb,plague;makesomeonefeelworriedandupsetforalongtime縈繞在…心頭;纏繞，使擔(dān)憂，苦惱LanguagePoints卡羅琳因擔(dān)心患癌而老是提心吊膽。①Carolinewashauntedbyafearofcancer.LanguagePoints戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的影像仍縈繞在他的腦海。②Imagesfromthewarstillhaunthim.這是一個(gè)使我們大家都擔(dān)憂不止的問(wèn)題。③Thisisaproblemthathauntsallofus.那個(gè)迷困擾了我大半輩子。④Themysteryhadhauntedmeformostofmylife作惡者經(jīng)常心中害怕被發(fā)覺(jué)⑤Awrongdoerisconstantlyhauntedbythefearofdiscovery.3.Andyet,myfriendstheChristmashopeforpeace

andgoodwilltowardallmencannolongerbe

dismissedasakindofpiousdreamofsomeutopian.

(line4-5,para.1):

Andyet,myfriends,theChristmashopeforpeaceandgoodwilltowardallmencannolongerberejectedasakindofimpractical(unrealistic)religiousdream.而現(xiàn)在，我的朋友們，全人類(lèi)在圣誕對(duì)和平友好的期望將不會(huì)像烏托邦式的那樣虔誠(chéng)。LanguagePointsdismiss:rejectseriousconsiderationof不再考慮，拒絕考慮；摒棄；不理會(huì)LanguagePointsLanguagePoints這些問(wèn)題不能再置之不理了。①Theproblemscannolongerbedismissed.我們不應(yīng)該僅僅因?yàn)樗鼈兪抢鲜降亩挥杩紤]。②Weshouldn’tdismissthemjustbecausetheyareold-fashioned.這部長(zhǎng)矢口否認(rèn)收受了賄賂。③Theministerdismissedclaimsthathehadacceptedbribes.dismisssth.assth.LanguagePoints①Theirevidencewasdismissedascompletelyworthless.我并沒(méi)有把這件事情看作是不值得做的事情而不加理會(huì)。②Iamnotdismissingthisasathingthatwasn’tworthdoing.他們的證據(jù)被認(rèn)定毫無(wú)價(jià)值而不予采用。4.Wisdombornofexperienceshouldtellusthatwarisobsolete.(line7,para.1):

天生的智慧，經(jīng)驗(yàn)告訴我們，戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)是過(guò)時(shí)的。LanguagePointsbornof:

derivingorresultingfrom來(lái)源于，來(lái)自；由…產(chǎn)生長(zhǎng)難句中bornofexperience是過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)的用法LanguagePoints絕望帶來(lái)的力量使他強(qiáng)行打開(kāi)了門(mén)。①Withastrengthbornofdesperation,heforcedopenthedoor.布羅迪動(dòng)怒了—那是因挫折和羞辱而產(chǎn)生的一種恨怒。②Brodywasgrowingangry–anangerbornoffrustrationandhumiliation.LanguagePoints5.…modernmanreallygoallouttostudythe

meaningofnonviolence,itsphilosophyandits

strategy.(line15-16,para.1)LanguagePointsgoallouttodosth./forsth.:toputallyourenergyanddeterminationtogetorwinsomething盡最大的努力奮斗；全力以赴；竭盡全力地去奮斗LanguagePoints我們會(huì)竭盡全力在星期六的比賽中大獲全勝。①WearegoingalloutforabigwininSaturday’sgame.他決心全力以赴地去完成任務(wù)。②Hedecidedtogoallouttofulfillthetask.

別相信那人，他只不過(guò)是想盡法子去保證他所需要的一切而已。③Don’ttrustthatman.Hejustgoesalloutforanythinghecanget.LanguagePoints6.Itreallyboilsdowntothis.(line1,para.5):LanguagePointsboildownto:besummarizedas歸結(jié)為這一切歸結(jié)起來(lái)似乎就是一個(gè)“錢(qián)”字.①Whatitallseemedtoboildowntowasmoney.LanguagePoints歸根結(jié)底，這個(gè)問(wèn)題是社會(huì)應(yīng)優(yōu)先考慮的問(wèn)題之一。②Thequestionboilsdowntooneofsocialproblems.這場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)論歸根到底是所有權(quán)問(wèn)題。③Thedebateboilsdowntothequestionofownership.他們給他的勸告可歸結(jié)為一句話：他應(yīng)該注意自己的身體。④Theadvicetheygavehimboileddowntothis:Heshouldtakecareofhisownhealth.LanguagePoints我們都陷入了一個(gè)無(wú)法逃脫的相互關(guān)聯(lián)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)，被捆綁在同一命運(yùn)上。7.Weareallcaughtinaninescapablenetworkofmutuality,tiedintoasinglegarmentofdestiny.(line1-2,para.5)LanguagePointsbecaughtinsth.:betrappedinsth.andcannotescapefromit陷于，陷于…而無(wú)法解脫LanguagePoints瑪麗好像陷身于英國(guó)中產(chǎn)階級(jí)的那種可惡的勢(shì)利心態(tài)而不能自拔。②MarywascaughtinthatdreadfulEnglishmiddle-class

trapofsnobbishness.LanguagePoints那是一個(gè)陷于革命性變遷的痛苦之中的社會(huì)。①I(mǎi)tisasocietycaughtintheagonyofrevolutionary

change.也許你渴望有可可吃早餐8.Ormaybeyou’redesirousofhavingcocoaforbreakfast(line10,para.5):LanguagePointsbedesirousofsth.:wanttohaveordoit渴望;意欲佩吉特小姐很想去倫敦旅行嗎？①I(mǎi)sMissPagetdesirousoftravelingtoLondon?LanguagePoints他意欲在政府市政機(jī)構(gòu)找到一個(gè)職位。②HeisdesirousofobtainingapositionintheCivilService.他渴望成名。③Heiskeenlydesirousoffame.他們都渴望去國(guó)外。④Theyarealldesirousofgoingabroad.我們都渴望成功。⑤Wearealldesirousofsuccess.LanguagePoints9.…menandnationsmustembracethenonviolentaffirmationthatendsandmeansmustcohere.(line2,para.6)LanguagePointsembrace:1）hug擁抱LanguagePoints他們笑著，相互擁抱。①Theylaughedandembracedeachother.embrace:2）include包含，包括；涵蓋LanguagePoints他的學(xué)習(xí)課程包括歷史、地理和經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)。①HiscourseofstudyembracesHistory,GeographyandEconomics.它包含了化學(xué)、物理學(xué)和工程學(xué)的一些主要內(nèi)容。②Itembraceselementsofchemistry,physicsandengineering.embrace:2）adopt;completelyacceptsomethingsuchasanewbelief,ideaorwayoflife接受；信奉LanguagePointsLanguagePoints他熱切地接受去歐洲旅行的邀請(qǐng)。①HeeagerlyembracedtheofferofatriptoEurope.她信奉了天主教。②SheembracedtheCatholicfaith.大部分的國(guó)家都已經(jīng)欣然接受了高速鐵路的概念。③Mostcountrieshaveenthusiasticallyembracedtheconceptofhigh-speedrailways.cohere:belogicallyconsistent;hangtogether(論證、思想、話語(yǔ)等）有條理，連貫；前后一致LanguagePoints沒(méi)有正確的論證，任何論點(diǎn)都會(huì)前后矛盾。①Withoutsoundreasoningnoargumentwillcohere.10.Theconquerorsofold…,wereakininseekingapeacefulworldorder.(line3,para.8)LanguagePointsakintosth.:similartosomething與某物相似的LanguagePoints這里的政治情形更像是專(zhuān)制而非民主。①Thepoliticalsituationhereismoreakintodictatorshipthandemocracy.這些詞形同義異。②Thesewordsareakininformbutdifferentinmeaning.11.…youwilldiscoverthatHitlercontendedthateverythi