2023年考研考博考博英語四川大學考試高頻考點參考題庫帶答案

2023年考研考博考博英語四川大學考試高頻考點參考題庫帶答案（圖片大小可自由調整）答案解析附后第1卷一.綜合題(共20題)1.翻譯題InGermany,incontrastwithFrance,friendshipismuchmoreclearlyamatteroffeeling,Adolescents,boysandgirls,fromdeeplysentimentalattachments,walkandtalktogether-notsomuchtopolishtheirwitsastosharetheirhopesandfearsanddreamstoformacommonfrontagainsttheworldofschoolandfamilyandtojoininakindofmutualdiscoveryofeachother'sandtheirowninnerlife.Withinthefamily,theclosestrelationshipoveralifetimeisbetweenbrothersandsisters.Outsidethefamily,menandwomenfindintheirclosestfriendsofthesamesexthedevotionofasister,theloyaltyofabrother.Appropriately,inGermanyfriendsusuallyarebroughtintothefamily.Childrencalltheirfather'sandtheirmother'sfriends“uncle”and“aunt”.BetweenFrenchfriends,whohavechoseneachotherforthesimilarityoftheirpointofview,livelydisagreementandsharpnessofargumentarethebreathoflife.ButforGermans,whosefriendshipsarebasedoncommonfeelings,deepdisagreementonanysubjectthatmatterstobothisregardedasatragedy.Liketiesofkinship,tiesoffriendshiparemeanttobeabsolutelybinding.YoungGermanswhocometotheUnitedStateshavegreatdifficultyinestablishingsuchfriendshipwithAmericans.Weviewfriendshipmoretentatively,subjecttochangesinintensityaspeoplemove,changetheirjobs,marry,ordiscovernewinterests.2.單選題Paintingsarestatic.Theuniquenessoftheexperienceoflookingatapaintingrepeatedly—overaperiodofdaysoryears—isthat,inthemidstofflux,theimageremainschangeless.Ofcoursethesignificanceoftheimagemaychange,asaresultofeitherhistoricalorpersonaldevelopments,butdepictedisunchangingthesamemilkflowingfromthesamejug,thewavesontheseawithexactlythesameformationunbroken,thesmileandthefacewhichhavenotaltered.Onemightbetemptedtosaythatpaintingspreserveamoment.Yetonreflectionthisisobviouslyuntrue.Forthemomentofapainting,unlikeamomentphotographed,neverexistedassuch.Andsoapaintingcannotbesaidtopreserveit.Ifapainting"stops",time,itisnot,likeaphotograph,preservingamomentofthepastfromthesupersessionofsucceedingmoments.Iamthinkingoftheimagewithintheframe,thescenewhichisdepicted.Clearlyifoneconsidersanartist'slife-workorthehistoryofart,oneistreatingpaintingsasbeing,partly,recordsofthepast,evidenceofwhathasbeen.Yetthishistoricalview,whetherusedwithinaMarxistoridealisttradition,haspreventedmostartexpertsfromconsidering—orevennoticing―theproblemofhowtimeexists(ordoesnot)withinpainting.InearlyRenaissanceart,inpaintingsfromnon-Europeancultures,incertainmodemworks,theimageimpliesapassageoftime.Lookingatit,thespectatorseesbefore,duringandafter.TheChinesesagetakesawalkfromonetreetoanother,thecarriagerunsoverthechild,thenudedescendsthestaircase.Andthisofcoursehasbeenanalyzedandcommentedupon.Yettheensuingimageisstillstaticwhilstreferringtothedynamicworldbeyonditsedges,andthisposestheproblemofwhatisthemeaningofthatstrangecontrastbetweenstaticanddynamic.Strangebecauseitisbothsoflagrantandsotakenforgranted.Paintersthemselvespractiseapartialanswer,evenifitremainsunformulatedinwords.Whenisapaintingfinished?Notwhenitfinallycorrespondstosomethingalreadyexisting—likethesecondshoeofapair—butwhentheforeseenidealmomentofitbeinglookedatisfilledasthepainterfeelsorcalculatesitshouldbefilled.ThelongorshortprocessofpaintingapictureistheprocessofconstructingthefuturemomentswhenitwillbelookedatInreality,despitethepainter'sideal,thesemomentscannotbeentirelydetermined.Theycanneverbeentirelyfilledbythepainting.Neverthelessthepaintingisentirelyaddressedtothesemoments.Whetherthepainterisahackoramastermakesnodifferencetothe"address"ofthepainting.Thedifferenceisinwhatapaintingdelivers;inhowcloselythemomentofitsbeinglookedat,asforeseenbythepainter,correspondstotheinterestsoftheactualmomentsofitsbeinglookedatlaterbyotherpeople,whenthecircumstancessurroundingitsproduction(patronage,fashion,ideology)havechanged.1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothetext?2.Whatdoesthepronoun“it”inthelastlineofthe4thparagraphreferto?3.Whenisapaintingfinishedaccordingtotheauthor?4.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat().5.Thebesttitleforthistextmightbe().問題1選項A.Aspecificmomentispreservedthetimeapaintingiscreated.B.Thecontentofapaintingremainsstaticthoughitsimplicationmaykeepchanging.C.Apaintingstopstimeinthatitdepictsamomentofthepastandfixesitwithintheframe.D.AMarxistviewtendstoseeapaintingaschangingallthetime.問題2選項A.Theensuingimage.B.Theproblem.C.ThemeaningofthecontrastD.Thecontrastbetweenstaticanddynamic.問題3選項A.Whenitrealisticallydepictssomethingintherealworld.B.Whentheartistforeseeshowhispaintingwillbereceivedbythepublic.C.Whenthemomentofitsbeinglookedatcorrespondstotheartist’sexpectationofhowit'sgoingtobelookedat.D.Whentheartistcandeterminethemomentwhenitwillbelookedat.問題4選項A.imagesinsomeRenaissancepaintingsmayhotnecessarilybestaticB.paintingsbyahackorbyamasterarethesameinthattheyaddressthesamepeopleC.whetherapaintingisstaticordynamicisdeterminednotbythepainterbutbythosewholookatitD.unlikeapainting,aphotographcanpreserveamoment問題5選項A.PaintingandTimeB.PaintersandTheirWorksC.TheStaticandtheDynamicD.TheHistoryofPaintingasaFormofArt3.單選題Accordingtothelawwhichhelaterproduced,everythingintheuniverseattractseverythingelsetowards（）.問題1選項A.itB.everythingC.itselfD.each4.單選題_____thewhole,earlyAmericancityplanningwasexcellent.問題1選項A.InB.FromC.OnD.Above5.單選題Thesupplyofapplesexceedsthe（）thisyear.問題1選項A.requestB.claimC.requirementD.demand6.單選題Hewill（）resigninviewofthecompletefailureoftheresearchproject.問題1選項A.doubtfullyB.adequatelyC.presumablyD.reasonably7.單選題Puttinginanewwindowwill（）cuttingawaypartoftheroof.問題1選項A.includeB.involveC.containD.comprise8.單選題_____,hedoesnotloveher.問題1選項A.AshelikesherverymuchB.ThoughmuchhelikesherC.MuchalthoughhelikesherD.Muchthoughhelikesher9.單選題I（）thissoup,I（）pepperinit.問題1選項A.amtasting...amtastingB.amtasting...tasteC.taste...amtastingD.taste...havetasted10.單選題Satellitecommunicationsaresoup-to-datethatevenwhen（）inthemiddleofthePacific,businessmencancontacttheirofficesasiftheywerenextdoor.問題1選項A.glidingB.cruisingC.pilotingD.patrolling11.單選題Ifithadn’tbeenforthedoctor'scare,I（）speakingtoyounow.問題1選項A.wouldnotbeB.wouldnothavebeenC.willnotbeD.willnothavebeen12.單選題Wearenotonverygood（）withthepeoplenextdoor.問題1選項A.friendshipB.relationsC.willD.terms13.單選題Thequalitiesofmyhometown,（）onmeasaboy,hadaprofoundeffectonthephilosophythatdirectedmycareer.問題1選項A.havingimpressedB.impressedC.impressingD.tobeimpressed14.翻譯題TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.ThereareseveralthingsworthnotingaboutcognitiveneurosciencethatarealsoreflectedintheArticlesinthisspecialissueofScience.Firstistheideathatdistributedbrainnetworksunderliecomplexbehaviors.Intheearlydaysofthefield,mostneuroscientistsfocusedonindividualbrainregionsandtheirresponses.Thesensorydomainwasparticularlycaptivating;onecould,forexample,appropriatelytalkabouthyper-complexcellsinthevisualsystemthatrespondedtocomersortheexistenceofcorticalcolumnsastheorganizingbasisforneuro-sensoryinput.Itisbecomingclear,however,thattheprocessingofinformationthatleadstocomplexbehaviorssuchaslearningandmemoryinvolvesmultiplebrainregionsthatmustoperateinaninteractiveparallel.15.單選題Oneofthegoodthingsformeninwomen’sliberationishatmennolongerhavetopaywomentheold-fashionedcourtesiesInanarticleonthenewmanners,MrsHolmessaysthataperfectlyablewomannolongerhastoacthelplesslyinpublicasifshewereamodel.Forexample,shedoesn'tneedhelpgettinginandoutofcars.“Womengetinandoutofearstwentytimesadaywithbabiesanddogs.Surelythecangetoutbythemselvesatnightjustaseasily.”Shealsosaysthereisnoreasonwhyamanshouldwalkontheoutsideofawomanonthesidewalk.Historically,themanwalkedontheinsidesohecaughtthegarbagethrownoutofawindow.Todayamanissupposedtowalkontheoutside.Amanshouldwalkwherehewantsto.Soshouldawoman.If,outofloveandrespect,heactuallywantstotaketheblows,heshouldwalkontheinside—becausethat’swhereattackersareallhidingthesedays.Asfarasmannersareconcerned,IsupposeIhavealwaysbeenasupporterofwomen’sliberation.Overtheyears,outofasenseofrespect,Iimagine,Ihaverefusedtotroublewomenwithoutdatedcourtesies.Itisusuallyeasiertofollowrulesofsocialbehaviorthantodependonone'sowntaste.Butrulesmayhesafelybroken,ofcourse,bythoseofuswiththegiftofnaturalgrace.Forexample,whenamanandawomanareledtotheirtableinarestaurantandthewaiterpullsoutachair,thewomanisexpectedtositinthechair.ThatisaccordingtoMs.AnnClark.Ihavealwaysdoneittheotherway,accordingtomylife.Itcameuponlytheothernight.Ifollowedthehostesstothetable,andwhenshepulledthechairoutIsatonit,quitenaturally,sinceithappenedtobethechairIwantedtositin.“Well,”mywifesaid,whenthehostesshadgone,“youdiditagain.”“Didwhat?”Iasked,utterlyconfused.“Tookthechair.”Actually,sinceI’dwalkedthroughtherestaurantaheadofmywife,itwouldhavebeenawkward,Ishouldthink,nottohavetakenthechair.Ihadgottherefirst,afterall.Also,ithasalwaysbeenmycustomtogetinacarfirst,andletthewomangetinbyherself.ThisiscourtesyIinsistonasthestrongersex,outofloveandrespect.Intimeslikethese,theremightbeattackershiddenabout.Itwouldbeunsuitabletoputawomaninacarandthenshutthedooronher,leavingheratthemercyofsomehadfellowwhomightbehidinginthebackseat.1.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat______.2.What'stheauthor'sattitudeaboutthewholequestionofmannersandwomen'sliberation?3.Ms.AnnClarkwouldmostprobablyagreethat______.4.Bysaying"youdiditagain"(Para.7),theauthorswifemeansthat______.5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthereasonwhytheauthorgetsintoacarbeforeawoman?問題1選項A.itcanbreakrulesofsocialbehaviorsB.inwomen'sliberationmenarealsoliberatedC.womenarebecomingmorecompetentthanbeforeD.menshouldwalkontheoutsideofapavement問題2選項A.SeriousB.CriticalC.JokingD.Satirical問題3選項A.Ms.Holmes'sopinionsonthenewmannersarejustifiedB.theauthorisamanwiththegiftofnaturalgraceC.oneshouldfollowsocialcustominsteadofhisowntasteD.menandwomenareequalinmostofthesocialevents問題4選項A.theauthorshouldhaveshownhispolitenessbypullingoutthechairforherB.theauthorshouldnothavesatdownbeforeshedidC.theauthorshouldnothavesatinthechairpulledoutbythewaitressD.theauthorshouldhavewalkedbehindher問題5選項A.Heintendstobepolitetothewoman.B.Hedoesthatbyforceofhabit.C.Hewantstoprotectthewomanfromhiddendanger.D.Hethinkswomennowadaysareascapableasmen.16.單選題MostbroadcastersmaintainthatTVhasbeenunfairlycriticizedandarguethatpowerofthemediumis（）.問題1選項A.grantedB.impliedC.exaggeratedD.remedied17.單選題Thereis（）whatwillhappentothem.問題1選項A.notellingB.nottellingC.nottotellD.nottobetold18.單選題Itwasnotuntilshereturnedhome（）sherealizedshehadalmostwastedtenofhervaluablehours..問題1選項A.andB.whenC.thenD.that19.單選題Hiseighthbookcameoutearlierthisyearandwasa(n)（）bestseller.問題1選項A.swiftB.instantC.timelyD.punctual20.單選題Manyinstructorsbelievethataninformal,relaxedclassroomenvironmentis（1）tolearningandinnovation.Itisnotuncommonforstudentstohave（2）andfriendlyrelationshipswiththeirprofessors.The（3）professorisnotnecessarilyapooroneandisstill（4）bystudents.Althoughstudentsmaybeina(n)（5）position,someprofessorstreatthemas（6）.However,nomatterhow（7）professorswouldliketobe,theystillareinapositionof（8）.Professorsmay（9）socialrelationshipswithstudentsoutsideoftheclassroom,butintheclassroomthey（10）theinstructor’srole.Aprofessormayhavecoffeeonedaywithstudents（11

）thenextdayexpectthemto（12）adeadlineforthe（13）ofapaperortobeprepared（14）adiscussionoranexam.Theprofessormaygive（15

）attentionoutsideofclasstoastudentin（16

）ofhelpbutprobablywillnottreathimorherdifferentlywhenit（17

）evaluatingschoolwork.Professorshaveseveralroles（18

）students;theymaybecounselorsandfriendsaswellasteachers.Studentsmust（19

）thatwhenateacher’srolechanges,theymustappropriately（20

）theirbehaviorandattitudes.問題1選項A.instructiveB.conduciveC.constructiveD.healthy問題2選項A.easygoingB.comfortingC.carefreeD.relaxing問題3選項A.consultativeB.informalC.easyD.casual問題4選項A.despisedB.respectedC.neglectedD.overlooked問題5選項A.inferiorB.minorC.lowD.subordinate問題6選項A.peersB.colleaguesC.friendsD.equals問題7選項A.democraticB.formalC.relaxedD.strict問題8選項A.authorityB.expertC.supervisorD.superior問題9選項A.buildB.setC.getD.establish問題10選項A.sustainB.supportC.maintainD.retain問題11選項A.butB.henceC.neverthelessD.then問題12選項A.matchB.fulfillC.meetD.satisfy問題13選項A.submissionB.presentationC.deliveryD.handing問題14選項A.forB.withC.againstD.of問題15選項A.dueB.extraC.sufficientD.supplementary問題16選項A.questB.needC.searchD.view問題17選項A.getstoB.comestoC.reachesD.touches問題18選項A.withregardtoB.inviewofC.inrelationtoD.withreferenceto問題19選項A.supposeB.suggestC.realizeD.assume問題20選項A.adoptB.adaptC.adeptD.conform第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】與法國不同,在德國,友誼更注重感覺。青少年,男孩和女駭之間,他們有著很深的情感依賴,總是很親密地走在一起,與其說是為了彰顯各自的聰明才智,不如說是為了分享他們的希望、恐懼和夢想,以此來形成一條對抗學校和家庭生活的統(tǒng)一陣線；來取得來自他們各自和自己內心世界的一些姑且叫共識的東西。在家庭里,長至一生且最密切的是兄弟姐妹之間的關系；在家庭外,人們在同性間最親密的朋友身上發(fā)現(xiàn)如姐妹般的奉獻,如兄弟般的忠誠。在德國,朋友經常被帶進家庭,孩子們叫他們父母的朋友“叔叔”和“阿姨”。在法國,人們會挑選有著相同見解和觀念的人作為朋友,朋友之間會為了生活的空間和態(tài)度的分歧激烈的爭執(zhí)。但對于友誼建立在雙方共同的感覺的德國人來說,如果在雙方都認為重要的問題上產生了尖銳的分歧,那就是極大的不幸。就像親屬關系一樣,友誼的紐帶是絕對有約束力的。來到美國的年輕德國人很難與美國人建立這樣的友誼。我們對友誼的看法更具試探性,隨著人們搬家、換工作、結婚或發(fā)現(xiàn)新的興趣愛好,友誼的強度會發(fā)生變化。

2.【答案】第1題:B第2題:D第3題:C第4題:C第5題:D【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的第三句“Ofcoursethesignificanceoftheimagemaychange,asaresultofeitherhistoricalorpersonaldevelopments,butdepictedisunchanging.”選項B一幅畫的內容保持不變,盡管它的含義可能不斷變化,正確。2.根據(jù)上一句“...,andthisposestheproblemofwhatisthemeaningofthatstrangecontrastbetweenstaticanddynamic.”這就產生了一個問題：靜態(tài)和動態(tài)之間的這種奇怪對比究竟是什么意思。所以正確答案為D。3.根據(jù)第五段的第三句“Notwhenitfinallycorrespondstosomethingalreadyexisting—...—butwhentheforeseenidealmomentofitbeinglookedatisfilledasthepainterfeelsorcalculatesitshouldbefilled.”選項C符合原文。4.根據(jù)原文可推斷出選項C正確,一幅畫是靜態(tài)的還是動態(tài)的不是由畫家決定的,而是由觀看者決定的。5.根據(jù)原文內容可知選項D更符合原文。選項A,B,C都只是其中的一部分。3.【答案】C【解析】考查反身代詞的用法。反身代詞itself與主語everything形成互指關系，表示向它自身的方向吸引另一物體。選項C符合句意。句意：根據(jù)他后來提出的定律，宇宙中的一切事物相互間都彼此吸引。4.【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。onthewhole指大體上、基本上。句意：整體上來看，早期美國城市規(guī)劃很優(yōu)秀。5.【答案】D【解析】句意：今年的蘋果供不應求。supply供給對應demand需求。選項D更符合。6.【答案】A【解析】undoubtfully無疑地,毫無疑問地；adequately充足地,適當?shù)?presumably據(jù)推測，大概,可能,想來;reasonably合情合理地。句意：毫無疑問，由于該研究項目徹底失敗,他將辭去職務。7.【答案】B【解析】考查動詞辨析。include包括,包含；involve卷入,涉及；contain容納,牽制；comprise構成。句意:安裝一個新窗戶需要把屋頂?shù)囊徊糠智械?。include一般用于被動語態(tài),比如sth.includedin...某物包含于其中,所以選項B更符合句意。8.【答案】D【解析】考查讓步狀語從句。as引導讓步狀語從句，句子需倒裝，所以選項A錯誤；although和though可互換，但although在句中不需要倒裝，所以選項C錯誤；though在句中需要倒裝，但選項B語序不當，所以選項D正確。9.【答案】B【解析】第一個taste是動態(tài)動詞,表示動作正在進行；第二個taste是感官動詞,用原型。

10.【答案】B【解析】gliding滑翔;cruising乘船巡游,巡航,航行;piloting領航,駕駛;patrolling巡查。句意：衛(wèi)星通信是如此的發(fā)達以致于即使是商人在大西洋中間航行也可以聯(lián)系到他們公司的人,就好像他正在公司的隔壁一樣。因此，本題選B。11.【答案】B【解析】考查虛擬語氣。從句用過去完成時,主句要用wouldhavedone的形式。這里都是表否定意義,所以選項B正確。句意：如何沒有醫(yī)生的悉心照料,我現(xiàn)在不會站在這兒和你說話。12.【答案】D【解析】on?good/bad?terms?with為固定詞組,意思是“和...關系很好/不和”。句意：我們和鄰居的關系不是很好。13.【答案】B【解析】考查過去分詞短語做定語。填空處句子為插入語，句子結構需完整，所以要用分詞或者動名詞形成獨立主格結構。首先排除選項A和D。impress和me之間為被動關系，所以用分詞，選項B正確。句意：家鄉(xiāng)的文化特色給童年時代的我留下了深刻的印象，對指導我職業(yè)生涯的哲學思想產生了深遠的影響。14.【答案】關于神經科學某些方面的事情是值得注意的,而這幾個值得關注方面在這一期的《科學》雜志特刊上均有所體現(xiàn)。首先,其中一個觀點說的是遍布的大腦網(wǎng)絡是構成人復雜行為的基礎。在有關這個領域的早期研究中,大多數(shù)的神經科學家專注于研究單獨的大腦區(qū)域及其反應行為。感官領域尤為引人新奇,例如,你可以適當?shù)卣務撘曈X系統(tǒng)中的復雜細胞,這些細胞對大腦溝回和皮層柱的反應構成了神經感覺輸人的基礎。無論怎樣,有一點是可以肯定的,例如學習和記憶等復雜行為的信息處理過程一定是涉及到多個大腦的區(qū)域并且以交互式平行的方式進行運作。

15.【答案】第1題:B第2題:C第3題:C第4題:C第5題:D【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的第一句“Oneofthegoodthingsformeninwomen’sliberationisthatmennolongerhavetopaywomentheold-fashionedcourtesies．”對男性來說,婦女解放帶來的一個好處就是男人不用遵守尊重婦女的舊式禮節(jié)了。由此可知,在婦女解放過程中,男性也得到了解放,所以選項B符合原文。2.從作者的敘述方式看,作者在討論舉止風度以及婦女解放問題時帶有調侃語氣。例如,在第四段的第二句中,作者說,他拒絕用一些過時的禮節(jié)來麻煩女士(事實上對女性表示禮貌恭維談不上是“麻煩”),而且之所以這樣,是出于一種尊敬。又如,在第五段第二句中,作者將自己看作是那些具有“天然風度”(naturalgrace)的男士,而所謂“天然”,卻是一切順其自然,不受社會禮儀規(guī)范所約束。由此可以確定選項C為正確答案。3.根據(jù)關鍵詞“AnnClark”定位到第五段的后半部分,AnnClark認為當一名男性和一名女性被帶到餐桌子前,服務員拿出一把椅子,坐在椅子上的應該是女性。說明AnnClark比較贊同傳統(tǒng)的社會行為規(guī)則,而作者的做法恰好與其相反,他喜歡順著自己的意愿。所以選項C符合原文。4.根據(jù)原文內容可知,作者坐在那把椅子上的原因是因為那個正是他想坐的椅子,而且他是在妻子的前面到達的,這是作者的一種習慣。所以作者的妻子認為作者不應該按照自己的習慣坐在那把椅子上,所以選項C正確。5.根據(jù)原文最后一段內容可知,作者比女性先上車的原因,首先這是他的一個習慣,其次是出于禮貌,愛和尊重,以及保護女性的安全避免受到潛在的襲擊。只有選項D不正確。16.【答案】C【解析】granted授予,同意；implied暗示；exaggerated夸張；remedied補救。句意：大多數(shù)廣播公司認為電視受到了不公正的批評,認為媒體的力量被夸大了。

17.【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。thereisnotelling意為：難以預料，很難說。句意：很那說他發(fā)生了什么事。

18.【答案】D【解析】本句為強調句,itis/wasnotuntil...that...強調的是直到她回到家的這個時候。句意：直到回到家,她才意識到她幾乎浪費了她寶貴的十個小時。19.【答案】B【解析】swift快的，敏捷的，迅速的，立刻的；instant立即的，即時的；timely及時的，適時的；punctual準時的。句意：今年他的第八本書在今年早些時候出版了，并迅速成為暢銷書。選項B符合句意。20.【答案】第1題:第2題:A第3題:D第4題:B第5題:D第6題:D第7題:C第8題:A第9題:D第10題:C第11題:A第12題:C第13題:A第14題:A第15題:B第16題:B第17題:B第18題:C第19題:C第20題:B【解析】（1）instructive有教育性的；conducive有益的；constructive有建設性的；healthy健康的。Conduciveto有利于,有助于...原文中的意思是：一個非正式、輕松的課堂環(huán)境有利于學習和創(chuàng)新。（2）根據(jù)后面的friendly以及全句的意思可知,填空處的意思應該和friendly相近。easygoing隨和的；comforting令人欣慰的；carefree無憂無慮的；relaxing放松的。句意：學生與他們的教授有著隨和和友好的關系是很常見的。選項A符合原文語境。（3）consultative咨詢的,顧問的；informal不拘禮節(jié)的；easy舒適的；casual臨時的。根據(jù)下文的poor可以推測,選項D更符合原文。句意：臨時教授不一定是窮教授,仍然受到學生的尊敬。（4）根據(jù)上文,學生和教授的關系很友好,即使是臨時聘請的教授也會受到學生的尊敬。選項B正確。（5）inferior下等的；minor次要的；low卑賤的；subordinate下屬,下級。學生和教授應該是屬于下屬,下級的關系,所以選D。（6）句意：盡管學生可能處于從屬地位,但有些教授對他們一視同仁。peers指平輩,同事；colleagues同行,同事；用在這里都不恰當,選項D正確。（7）democratic民主的；formal正式的,拘謹?shù)?；relaxed輕松的；strict嚴肅的。此處與上文相比進行了轉折。上文提到教授和學生之間關系友好隨和,然而無論教授們表現(xiàn)得多么輕松,他們依然處于一個權威的地位。（8）authority權威；expert專家；supervisor監(jiān)督人；superior上級。根據(jù)原文：無論教授們表現(xiàn)得多么輕松,他們依然處于一個權威的地位。（9）根據(jù)原文可知,這里指建立關系,set表示建立時后面通常接up。build和establish都有建立的意思,但是build含義廣泛,可指一切具體或抽象事物的建造或建立。establish側重于著重穩(wěn)固地建成,可具體指國家、政府、學?；蛏痰甑鹊慕?也可指信仰、信用、名譽、法律、制度、規(guī)則等的建立。原文指建立社會關系,所以用establish更合適。（10）sustain維持,支撐；support支持；maintain和retain都有保持的意思,但retain主要是剩余,剩下的意思。所以選項C更符合。（11）根據(jù)原文,前一天教授可能還在和學生一起喝咖啡,但第二天還是希望學生能趕在最后期限提交論文。用but表轉折,符合原文。（12）meetadeadline為固定搭配,指趕上最后期限。（13）paper在這里指論文,根據(jù)原文,這里應該是指趕上最后期限提交論文。（14）prepareforsth.指為某事做準備。這里指為討論或者考試做準備。（15）根據(jù)下文,當在評估學生學業(yè)時可能不會對他或她有所不同,所以這里應該是指額外的關注。due應得的；sufficient充分的；supplementary指補充的。句意：教授可能會在課外給予需要幫助的學生額外的關注,但當在評估學生學業(yè)時可能不會對他或她有所不同。（16）inneedofhelp需要幫助。句意：教授可能會在課外給予需要幫助的學生額外的關注。（17）getsto到達,開始；comesto談到,提及到；reaches達到；touches接觸到。選項B符合原文。（18）withregardto關于,至于；inviewof鑒于,考慮到；inrelationto關于,涉及；withreferenceto關于。這里指教授的角色和學生息息相關。所以選項C更恰當。（19）根據(jù)原文,學生必須意識到,當教師的角色發(fā)生變化時,他們必須適當?shù)馗淖冏约旱男袨楹蛻B(tài)度。（20）adopt采取,接受；adapt適應；adept熟練,擅長；conform確認,證實。句意：他們必須適當?shù)馗淖冏约旱男袨楹蛻B(tài)度。選項B符合原文第2卷一.綜合題(共20題)1.單選題This（）girlisMary'scousin.問題1選項A.prettylittleSwedishB.SwedishlittleprettyC.SwedishprettylittleD.littleprettySwedish2.單選題Thechangingimageofthefamilyontelevisionprovides（）intochangingattitudestowardthefamilyinsociety.問題1選項A.insightsB.presentationsC.revelationsD.specifications3.單選題Usuallynewspapers（）forpeoplewithintellectualinterests.問題1選項A.suitB.furnishC.regardD.cater4.單選題Bylaw,whenonemakesalargepurchase,heshouldhave（）opportunitytochangehismind.問題1選項A.accurateB.urgentC.excessiveD.adequate5.單選題IthinkthatIcommitteda（）inaskingherbecausesheseemedveryupsetbymyquestion.問題1選項A.blunderB.revengeC.reproachD.scandal6.寫作題Directions:Writeacompositioninthetitle“HowtoEliminateFakeDiplomas”basedonthefollowinggivenoutlineinChinese.Yourcompositionshouldbeabout150Englishwords.PleasewriteyourcompositionontheAnswerSheet.Outline:1.現(xiàn)在社會上的假文憑屢見不鮮。2.如何杜絕假文憑現(xiàn)象？7.單選題Amongthemanywaysinwhichpeoplecommunicatethroughspeech,publicspeakinghasprobablyreceivedmorestudyandattractedmoreattentionthananyother.Politicianscampaigningforpublicoffice，salespeoplepresentingproducts,andpreachersdeliveringsermonsalldependuponthisformofpubliccommunication.Evenpeoplewhodonotmakespeakingapartoftheirdailyworkareoftenaskedtomakepublicspeeches:studentsatgraduation,forinstance,ormembersofchurches,clubs,orotherorganizations.Nearlyeveryonespeaksinpublicatsometimeorother,andthosewhoperformthetaskwelloftenbecomeleaders.Therearemanyreasonsforspeakinginpublic.Apublicspeakermayhopetoteachanaudienceaboutnewideas,forexample,orprovideinformationaboutsometopic.Creatingagoodfeelingorentertaininganaudiencemaybeanotherpurpose.Publicspeakers,however,mostoftenseektopersuadeanaudiencetoadoptnewopinions,totakecertainactions，ortoseetheworldinanewway.Publicspeakersusuallyknowwellinadvancewhentheyarescheduledtomakeanaddress.Consequentlytheyareabletopreparetheirmessagebeforetheydeliverit.Sometimes,though,speakersmustdeliverthemessageunprepared,oroffthecuff,suchaswhentheyareaskedtoofferatoastataweddingreceptionortoparticipateinateleviseddebateorinterview.Whentheydonothavetospeakunpreparedly,mostspeakerswritetheirownspeeches.Politiciansandbusinessexecutivessometimesemployprofessionalwriterswhopreparetheirforthem.Theseprofessionalwritersmayworkaloneorinsmallteams.Althoughthespeakermayhavesomeinputintothecontentsofthespeech,thewriterssometimeshaveagreatinfluenceovertheopinionsexpressedbytheiremployers.Regardlessofhowaspeechisprepared,thepersonwhodeliversitisgivencreditforitseffectuponitshearers.1.Publicspeakingiswellknowntotheaveragepeoplebecause（）.2.Whichofthefollowingisrarelythepurposeofpublicspeaking?3.Inparagraph4,theexpression“deliverthemessageoffthecuff”means（）.4.Oftenthespeechpreparedbyaprofessionalwriterforaboss（）.5.Nomatterwhowritesaspeech,theaudience（）.問題1選項A.mostofthemhavebeentrainedaspublicspeakersB.mostofthemhavebeenaudienceofsuchactivitiesC.mostofthemhavetodoitwhentheystudyatcollegeD.Thepassagedoesnotmentionthereason問題2選項A.Toinfluencepeople'sideasandbehavior.B.Toenjoythesatisfactionfromone'sownspeech.C.Topersuadetheaudiencetoacceptanidea.D.Topromotepublicinterest.問題3選項A.speakatalargereceptionB.speakontelevisionC.speakaccordingtothescheduleD.speakwithoutpreparation問題4選項A.isveryprofessionalandtactfulB.expressesthewriter’sideaofthematterC.expressestheboss’sideaofthematterD.expressestheideasofboth問題5選項A.believeitexpressedthespeaker'sideaB.knowverywellwhothespeakerisC.knowwhoseideathespeechreallyexpressesD.donotbelievewhatthespeakersays8.翻譯題TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.如同人員與貨物一樣,人的思想觀念也可以跨躍大西洋自由地交流,盡管有時會略顯遲緩。你在一個新的環(huán)境呆上一段時間后就進入了第二階段——危機階段,在這個階段,美好的印象漸漸消失,你會明白必須面對日常生活中的實際問題。在美國人經常光顧的那些歐洲國家,友誼跟其他更隨意的人際關系有很大的區(qū)別,友誼與家庭生活的關聯(lián)方式也各不相同。第一階段是蜜月階段,在這一階段中新的經歷被視作是生動有趣,令人愉快和富有魅力的。愛中有這樣的矛盾：兩個人合二為一,卻又一分為二。9.單選題（）aresearchstudent,Iwouldatleastmastertwoforeignlanguages.問題1選項A.ShouldIbecomeB.IshouldbecomeC.WouldIbecomeD.HaveIbecome10.單選題Agoodteachermustknowhowto_____hisideas.問題1選項A.conveyB.displayC.consultD.confront11.單選題Esperantoiswhatiscalledaplanned,orartificial,language.ItwascreatedmorethanacenturyagobyPolisheyedoctorLudwikLazarZamenhof.Zamenhofbelievedthatacommonlanguagewouldhelptoalleviatesomeofthemisunderstandingsamongcultures.InZamenhof’sfirstattemptatauniversallanguage,hetriedtocreatealanguagethatwasasuncomplicatedaspossible.Thisfirstlanguageincludedwordssuchasab,ac,ba,eb,be,andce.Thisdidnotresultinaworkablelanguageinthatthesemonosyllabicwords,thoughshort,werenoteasytounderstandortoretain.Next,Zamenhoftriedadifferentwayofconstructingasimplifiedlanguage.Hemadethewordsinhislanguagesoundlikewordsthatpeoplealreadyknew,buthesimplifiedthegrammartremendouslyOneexampleofhowhesimplifiedthelanguagecanbeseeninthesuffixes:allnounsinthislanguageendino,asinthenounamiko,whichmeans"friend,"andalladjectivesendin-a,asintheadjectivebeta,whichmeans"pretty"Anotherexampleofthesimplifiedlanguagecanbeseenintheprefixmal-,whichmakesawordoppositeinmeaning;thewordmalamikothereforemeans"enemy,"andthewordmalbelathereforemeans"ugly"inZamenhofslanguage.In1887,Zamenhofwroteadescriptionofthislanguageandpublishedit.Heusedapenname,Dr.Esperanto,whensigningthebook.HeselectedthenameEsperantobecausethiswordmeans"apersonwhohopes"inhislanguage.EsperantoclubsbeganpoppingupthroughoutEurope,andby1905EsperantohadspreadfromEuropetoAmericaandAsia.In1905,theFirstWorldCongressofEsperantotookplaceinFrance,withapproximately700attendeesfrom20differentcountries.Congresseswereheldannuallyfornineyears,and4,000attendeeswereregisteredfortheTenthWorldEsperantoCongressscheduledfor1914,whenWorldWarIeruptedandforceditscancellation.EsperantohashaditsupsanddownsintheperiodsinceWorldWarI.Today,yearsafteritwasintroduced,itisestimatedthatperhapsaquarterofamillionpeoplearefluentinit.Currentadvocateswouldliketoseeitsusegrowconsiderablyandaretakingstepstotrytomakethishappen.1.Thetopicofthispassageis（）.2.Accordingtothepassage,Zamenhofwantedtocreateauniversallanguage（）.3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheEsperantowordmalesperameans（）.4.Lookattheexpression“poppingup”inParagraph4.Thisexpre