微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)黎詣遠(yuǎn)第一章

1第一篇概論經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)基本概念基本原理基本方法資源配置市場(chǎng)供求實(shí)證分析2第一篇概論第一章經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)本章的學(xué)習(xí)要求與內(nèi)容本章要求掌握研究經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的前提條件(從經(jīng)濟(jì)制度、經(jīng)濟(jì)體制、經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)制三個(gè)層次上把握經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì))、主要任務(wù)(如何利用可供選擇的有限資源，以求人類無(wú)限欲望的最大滿足)、基本假設(shè)(完全理性、完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)和完全信息)、研究方法(微觀分析與宏觀分析、經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)與管理學(xué))本章分四節(jié)，分別介紹經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的任務(wù)、經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的發(fā)展、經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的分類、經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的內(nèi)容3/30第一節(jié)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的任務(wù)一、經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)制度以共同謀生行為為基礎(chǔ)而形成的人類總體，稱為經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)。按生產(chǎn)方式劃分經(jīng)濟(jì)制度，是經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)分類的基本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。但世界通行的其他一些劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)也不無(wú)道理。由于劃分的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不同，經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)分成的階段也不同4/航3候0第畏一羽節(jié)民經(jīng)緞濟(jì)談學(xué)擠的番任妹務(wù)表1乳.甚1原.哀1經(jīng)訪濟(jì)剪社壁會(huì)掠的楚發(fā)途展劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)發(fā)展階段生產(chǎn)方式原始社會(huì)奴隸社會(huì)封建社會(huì)資本主義社會(huì)共產(chǎn)主義社會(huì)生產(chǎn)方法漁獵社會(huì)游牧社會(huì)農(nóng)業(yè)社會(huì)工業(yè)社會(huì)信息社會(huì)(知識(shí)社會(huì))交換方式自然經(jīng)濟(jì)貨幣經(jīng)濟(jì)信用經(jīng)濟(jì)電子經(jīng)濟(jì)交換范圍家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)城市經(jīng)濟(jì)國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)(全球經(jīng)濟(jì))生產(chǎn)要素資源密集勞動(dòng)密集資本密集技術(shù)密集知識(shí)密集經(jīng)濟(jì)成長(zhǎng)傳統(tǒng)社會(huì)起飛準(zhǔn)備階段起飛階段成熟階段高額群眾消費(fèi)階段追求生活質(zhì)量階段可持續(xù)發(fā)展階段5/哄3涼0第陪一余節(jié)舊經(jīng)禽濟(jì)耀學(xué)伙的隱任接務(wù)二盾、取經(jīng)位濟(jì)跑體遷制經(jīng)道濟(jì)瘦體紀(jì)制壓是插經(jīng)舒濟(jì)潮制屑度倆的滾實(shí)荒現(xiàn)蓮形釀式報(bào)，筐由穴經(jīng)蘆濟(jì)鏈基井礎(chǔ)旨的精制策度木形遍式普和某上踐層踩建沈筑抹的盜管該理爪形灘式寇構(gòu)幼成錢，借包澆括蓄產(chǎn)活權(quán)浸形堪式煎、雀運(yùn)慘行飽機(jī)朗制俘、破分肢配倒方框式疏、閘決刃策墻結(jié)帖構(gòu)尾、拉管藝?yán)韽V組肢織充、會(huì)政止府濃調(diào)衛(wèi)控是等6/漫3撤0第柳一紐奉節(jié)富經(jīng)嘩濟(jì)狀學(xué)蘭的乎任司務(wù)7/側(cè)3豈0第奇一績(jī)節(jié)能經(jīng)儉濟(jì)青學(xué)醬的庫(kù)任傭務(wù)表1譜.掩1命.驗(yàn)2當(dāng)研代疏市累場(chǎng)片經(jīng)題濟(jì)查體惹制例的電不鮮同錘模忌式經(jīng)濟(jì)體制模式自由市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)政府市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)典型國(guó)家美國(guó)德國(guó)日本中國(guó)基本特征市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)社會(huì)目標(biāo)市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)政府導(dǎo)向市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)社會(huì)主義制度形式產(chǎn)權(quán)形式私有為主私有為主私有為主公有為主運(yùn)行機(jī)制公司壟斷下的市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)社會(huì)約束下的市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)政府導(dǎo)向下的市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)計(jì)劃指導(dǎo)下的市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)分配方式按資為主按資為主按資為主按勞為主管理形式?jīng)Q策結(jié)構(gòu)分散分散與集中集中與分散集中與分散管理組織政企分開(kāi)政企分開(kāi)政企分開(kāi)政企分開(kāi)政府調(diào)控較弱較強(qiáng)很強(qiáng)最強(qiáng)8/隊(duì)3騰0第懼一侮節(jié)欣經(jīng)查濟(jì)慈學(xué)聾的鴉任藥務(wù)如績(jī)果尺將襪社平會(huì)怖主并義孝市漠場(chǎng)矩經(jīng)泰濟(jì)辯體桿制代比謙作爸一鏡座勸大昨廈跨，龍那允么蹦，蛛以找公妻有墾制資為增主獎(jiǎng)體坑、添多傘種養(yǎng)經(jīng)訴濟(jì)糟成挺分崖共念同鐘發(fā)度展吹是姻基職礎(chǔ)歪，指現(xiàn)消代屆企淚業(yè)薦制唯度爬、犧統(tǒng)幸一嬸市胞場(chǎng)趨體秀系標(biāo)、脖收槐入突分岔配肺體龜制御、稍對(duì)懸外紫經(jīng)攜濟(jì)漫體返制桑是穗四鳴根釋支劍柱妙，刺宏越觀萍調(diào)朽控豆體皇系賠是竄棟匠梁9/嘩3籠0第越一豆節(jié)弊經(jīng)歪濟(jì)秀學(xué)譯的麻任扣務(wù)社仁會(huì)狀主籍義棄市期場(chǎng)賴經(jīng)耍濟(jì)磁不掀同牽于央傳誘統(tǒng)物自搖然竊經(jīng)遲濟(jì)然、需社紫會(huì)斧主饑義聾計(jì)弦劃居經(jīng)功濟(jì)溫、劇資盡本爬主諷義蹄市醬場(chǎng)騙經(jīng)皆濟(jì)象，蝴它蜻以妄市品場(chǎng)織經(jīng)腸濟(jì)婦求復(fù)效烈率瘦，惠以應(yīng)社守會(huì)觸主節(jié)義跳保摸公植平1專0/齊3季0第粱一揚(yáng)節(jié)皮經(jīng)圍濟(jì)約學(xué)臉的粘任宅務(wù)經(jīng)喬濟(jì)炸規(guī)牙制(e自c膀o初n肯o淡m麥i汽c衡r筆e令g悔u昏l泳a穗t炭o廟r裁y遞c惜o斃n兄s奧t所r蹲a布i繭n憲t)經(jīng)綁濟(jì)查規(guī)嚼制惜是盲依件據(jù)賄一酬定垂規(guī)蛛則旺對(duì)切市么場(chǎng)煩機(jī)釀制輩進(jìn)圾行腹限返制欲的功行高為墊，基包柿括員經(jīng)擱濟(jì)拜、胳法螺律燦、雙行醫(yī)政豈、名民倒族判、蓮宗財(cái)教球、善道藝德洗、踩風(fēng)齒俗朵、直習(xí)滾慣命所骨形色成援的榜各仔種殊行顆為亡規(guī)納范窮。剛同腫樣絲式是勵(lì)市徑場(chǎng)度經(jīng)災(zāi)濟(jì)量體獻(xiàn)制胃，忌也狹有竊不離同核的意經(jīng)爪濟(jì)頭規(guī)鐘制1齡1/賺3膚0第慰一談節(jié)蝕經(jīng)雖濟(jì)絡(luò)學(xué)呢的乘任側(cè)務(wù)公異共只規(guī)距制悉的堤分紀(jì)類規(guī)制類型社會(huì)規(guī)制經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)制規(guī)制機(jī)構(gòu)間接規(guī)制憲法刑法民法企業(yè)法合同法反不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)法立法機(jī)關(guān)直接規(guī)制

關(guān)于防止公害、保護(hù)環(huán)境、保證健康、維護(hù)安全以及取締有害活動(dòng)等的社會(huì)政策和規(guī)定

關(guān)于國(guó)計(jì)民生產(chǎn)業(yè)進(jìn)入、退出、投資、價(jià)格等經(jīng)濟(jì)政策和規(guī)定行政機(jī)關(guān)1痕2/柜3戲0第壞一期節(jié)哥經(jīng)鋪濟(jì)宿學(xué)雅的休任幅務(wù)三與、診經(jīng)獲濟(jì)蛾理狗論經(jīng)枕濟(jì)停學(xué)董的蜜任國(guó)務(wù)功是貿(mào)：猜在甲一鐮定要經(jīng)兔濟(jì)妄社擦?xí)瓧l暢件筍下字，判研形究咽如乞何算有凱效塊地洞利惰用蛙可纏供丟選袖擇扣的議有超限帝資閣源頌，日以萍求扇滿種足盞人鬼們籌無(wú)疑限決需指要凝的繼最慎大浮滿燃足經(jīng)殲濟(jì)臘學(xué)寄的戴五Ww航h產(chǎn)a敲t基痛本姑問(wèn)好題h榴o煤w生能產(chǎn)騙技厲術(shù)f憐o辟r犯w憂h高o選m產(chǎn)艙品事分矛配w謙h撕e嚇n社季會(huì)撈發(fā)尼展w鑒h寧o經(jīng)快濟(jì)競(jìng)體儀制圖1歉.權(quán)1堪.例1經(jīng)址濟(jì)說(shuō)學(xué)耐的值研作究可對(duì)碰象偉及產(chǎn)其元基歌本而問(wèn)來(lái)題1猾3/倍3錄0第泉一斥節(jié)渡經(jīng)賺濟(jì)愉學(xué)唇的韻任捆務(wù)生具存匙需仿要享品受頸需洋要發(fā)宣展拔需咳要F期.恩汗格犧斯為的英需結(jié)要詳三斑層儉次(一)需轉(zhuǎn)要技無(wú)屠限生理需要安全需要感情需要尊重需要自我實(shí)現(xiàn)需要A霜.馬減斯峰洛蘋的寒需燥要沃五捷層落次1軟4/歉3導(dǎo)0第逃一抗節(jié)盼經(jīng)斧濟(jì)陡學(xué)散的印任獎(jiǎng)務(wù)[例]解借人四頤(胡巴澹雜菴柄：駱清草初)終窩日艘奔央波駁只彈為曉饑帳出舞入塞無(wú)仆船汪少鮮馬這騎方貌才轉(zhuǎn)一梁飽償便貼思艙衣除槽間頭派扣坊了細(xì)騾到和修馬衣怠食載兩鑄般昌皆桃俱灑足槍嘆肉無(wú)劑官伐職按被預(yù)人奧欺又汪想套嬌瀉容鄙美葡貌菌妻孫當(dāng)額了領(lǐng)縣麻丞乏嫌主官趟小娶歡得鼻美紫妻伙生另下治子郊又探要呈朝充中黨掛期紫鼓衣恨撤無(wú)歉田們地謝少危根偉基脊若伍要險(xiǎn)世棗人鄙心敗里恩足買吵到圖田取園煙多慌廣替闊旺除喚是協(xié)南姥柯秘一月夢(mèng)朗西1驢5/罪3毫0第每一暗節(jié)仰經(jīng)拍濟(jì)陸學(xué)穴的半任蠅務(wù)(二)資堪源硬有箱限人語(yǔ)類消只胳有譽(yù)一植個(gè)潤(rùn)地納球破。航相腿對(duì)具于僻人皮們冊(cè)的煙無(wú)撞限卷需竭要脫來(lái)額說(shuō)浴，雷任告何靜資李源撥都匆是忙稀拐缺(s狼c編a哭r(nóng)謙c宣i末t芒y)的經(jīng)膏濟(jì)孤品P>制0自你由瓶品P=特0廢糕品P<飄01管6/伸3禍0第慎一止節(jié)虎經(jīng)渾濟(jì)除學(xué)衫的捆任歐務(wù)生遮產(chǎn)冰可鍬能謝性瓦曲冷線邊失際狠轉(zhuǎn)奴換批率曲戒線旗上討的鼓大額炮搖與降大菜米姿組邁合恒，險(xiǎn)也模可薪喻輸指踩工莊業(yè)暴與糊農(nóng)縫業(yè)蟲、葡生至產(chǎn)哨資走料提與機(jī)生習(xí)活浮資廁料果的絡(luò)組皆合加癥入文時(shí)煎間淹維阻度址則堪為匹生姥產(chǎn)親可勾能糖性刷曲痛線膚的戶動(dòng)烏態(tài)寄圖循形圖1鄭.需1水.躁2生齊產(chǎn)織可磨能無(wú)性梳曲惹線1宰7/追3藥0第備一填節(jié)反經(jīng)民濟(jì)害學(xué)澡的燭任修務(wù)(三)機(jī)勺會(huì)票成凱本一份種坑資除源買具噸有任多比種局用鉆途榆和沉使剝用貞機(jī)著會(huì)品。棄機(jī)莫會(huì)升成電本顏是拉某目種岡資賣源麗由箭于扯特嘴定倡用塵途康而嬌放壘棄版的只其蕉他諸最笑佳澇用醫(yī)途家的猛收鉛益機(jī)藥會(huì)煩成季本＝邊狀際鈴轉(zhuǎn)村換租率＝影伙子抹價(jià)刃格1蹈8/擔(dān)3脅0第慘一悼節(jié)著經(jīng)拼濟(jì)麗學(xué)拿的疊任餓務(wù)(四)最譜大強(qiáng)滿烏足正穴因請(qǐng)需謹(jǐn)要隸無(wú)起限蠟，奪資跡源臥有就限退，丸人茅們昂的妥需板要典不射可欺能閥全銜部距得太到子滿倦足戒，苦但顫可辛通坊過(guò)公選雀擇妨優(yōu)迎化全資膨源變配巾置俯得井到吹最甚大還滿峰足(五)經(jīng)腸濟(jì)已學(xué)鄙的狂核世心炒問(wèn)庸題稀具缺—林—人場(chǎng)類求社農(nóng)會(huì)貧的遷永斤恒鋒問(wèn)乳題選倘擇—滑—人進(jìn)類霉社巖會(huì)次的鞏基私本劈燕問(wèn)維題稀見(jiàn)缺—魚—選肺擇—雹—經(jīng)潑濟(jì)訊學(xué)盡憑我我們丑所搬有純的，做條我雕們熟最木好抖的1蹲9/席3冤0第府二沈節(jié)中經(jīng)高濟(jì)跌學(xué)碼的脫發(fā)聚展經(jīng)柱濟(jì)不觀移點(diǎn)→經(jīng)培濟(jì)潔學(xué)消說(shuō)→經(jīng)押濟(jì)學(xué)僻派→經(jīng)雪濟(jì)疾科擾學(xué)馬視克或思喚的《資緒本糾論》、臟亞定當(dāng)·斯勿密的《國(guó)廳富藥論》和沿凱敢恩盈斯年的《通狠論》，職并鄰稱漲為孕經(jīng)手濟(jì)娃學(xué)隙說(shuō)針史震上漫三懷本污劃廚時(shí)腎代碑巨誓著一灘、剝西志方珠經(jīng)資濟(jì)煩思埋想二瞎、愿社腳會(huì)狗主該義佛經(jīng)辭濟(jì)飲思警想三任、屑中想國(guó)響經(jīng)保濟(jì)營(yíng)思艱想2耽0/宗3鋤0第悠三賀節(jié)棒經(jīng)肥濟(jì)晉學(xué)珠的紛分鞋類西盒里·列昂敞惕之夫：專戶業(yè)枕經(jīng)腐濟(jì)攀學(xué)張雜銳志突上陸就嫩連夸篇酬累惰牘則地闖充堅(jiān)滿棉了碌數(shù)員學(xué)時(shí)公率式粉。帆這建將隊(duì)讀擋者屬?gòu)囊惶讖乃扑鯃?jiān)有職理挺而滅完劃全例是奶任際意忌的潔假嘉設(shè)傳引目到獸精叔確嚼的哥但戚卻諒是云無(wú)庸關(guān)蓄的獄理躍論惜結(jié)邪論。馬鍵克贏思躍：晚一妙門取科蹲學(xué)炒只裂有布在煤成炸功臣地依運(yùn)鮮用壺?cái)?shù)駁學(xué)摟時(shí)角，樹(shù)才息算閑達(dá)據(jù)到降了沿真允正裕完肚善蓄的嫁地沖步。一滾、龍政慈治伏經(jīng)啦濟(jì)送學(xué)際與顛西短方仇經(jīng)鴉濟(jì)孕學(xué)二從、堵制害度槳經(jīng)很濟(jì)混學(xué)潛與膊數(shù)牙量新經(jīng)欺濟(jì)糕學(xué)三吃、斑規(guī)岸范鎖經(jīng)咽濟(jì)鏟學(xué)葵與喝實(shí)仰證野經(jīng)禍濟(jì)唱學(xué)四碎、遇微錯(cuò)觀亮經(jīng)笨濟(jì)閉學(xué)剝與叫宏榮觀趟經(jīng)橡濟(jì)配學(xué)2諷1/音3池0第種三認(rèn)節(jié)薄經(jīng)谷濟(jì)貧學(xué)施的金分擊類表1粱.圖1關(guān).墻3微談?dòng)^摘經(jīng)謠濟(jì)磨學(xué)仍與現(xiàn)宏額觀仍經(jīng)我濟(jì)畏學(xué)項(xiàng)目微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)又名小經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)，個(gè)體經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)，價(jià)格理論大經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)，總體經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)，收入理論理論依據(jù)新古典主義經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)為主新凱恩斯主義經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)為主基本假設(shè)資源稀缺，充分就業(yè)需求不足，存在失業(yè)研究方法個(gè)量分析法總量分析法研究對(duì)象從個(gè)體入手研究一國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行從總體入手研究一國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行研究中心市場(chǎng)價(jià)格國(guó)民收入主要目標(biāo)個(gè)體利益最大社會(huì)福利最大2令2/節(jié)3斬0第差四遞節(jié)躲經(jīng)喂?jié)穼W(xué)匹的柱內(nèi)警容一翠、糖基熱本子假臟設(shè)(一)完碰全綢理革性“經(jīng)蝦濟(jì)筑人叼”煮假稠說(shuō)卻：矮每出個(gè)兇人系都敏在耳力象圖仰應(yīng)按用途他秒的新資釀本猴，頃來(lái)兇使符其尿生稅產(chǎn)災(zāi)品字能償?shù)孟x到壩最米大幣的顧價(jià)寸值翼。承一瘋般思地伙說(shuō)畜，蜂他喪并瓦不妨企槽圖字增隊(duì)進(jìn)屆公煌共喚福頸利夏，陸也瓦不熔知駐道處他棍所墨增烈進(jìn)見(jiàn)的行公膛共尊福斥利難為灑多彩少肌。云他訊所尸追毫求狀的趣僅億僅尸是治他斬個(gè)艦人束的塔安街樂(lè)宮，胡僅烈僅率是絕他巧個(gè)結(jié)人披的癢利疫益載。鉛在梨這侄樣戲做壩時(shí)凍，悟有莖一財(cái)只照看便不淡見(jiàn)塘的犬手(小i皺n瓜v蒼i置s高i柄b孝l售e輸h碰a探n遮d濱)引裳導(dǎo)嶼他詞去船促送進(jìn)野一杯種發(fā)目豪標(biāo)杏，呆而茂這柄種殲?zāi)孔o(hù)標(biāo)新絕拼不渾是宋他冬所鈔追援求趴的尸東廣西劃。交由蹲于逝追睜逐話他墾自豆己故的廣利謊益魂，煮他桑經(jīng)見(jiàn)常結(jié)促千進(jìn)障了層社質(zhì)會(huì)懼利餓益牽，錄其鞠效甘果塔要日比渾他梁真剛正弱想判促崇進(jìn)服社炸會(huì)臥利惱益蘇時(shí)筑所梢得句到寸的芹效殃果介為陶大A抵.斯朝密2因3/棕3晶0第侍四南節(jié)斬經(jīng)覺(jué)濟(jì)曬學(xué)月的妄內(nèi)厚容(二)完儉全削競(jìng)獸爭(zhēng)市已場(chǎng)押完盯全堪自眼由盈放系任嶺，臨不廟存棉在古任獨(dú)何卵政徹府掏干蘇預(yù)供伯給牲自高行膝創(chuàng)竄造銀需炊求楊，然供搖求買必棕定乞相盼等價(jià)咸格撕機(jī)嗽制屢能貪使乒一除切姜資依源受得吳到煩充閃分現(xiàn)利怪用瘡，影達(dá)用到庫(kù)最駱優(yōu)鹽配名置2緒4/內(nèi)3特0第鳳四較節(jié)夸經(jīng)搭濟(jì)傻學(xué)危的籃內(nèi)短容(三)完輪全蹦信黨息信李息牽是處傳彼遞性中仇的邪知壯識(shí)信秒息糟完嬌全也、脫信插息漆對(duì)弟稱迷與馬信斜息降確炊定我浙知?jiǎng)?lì)道什你你假知尼道萄我我愁知擇道搏你隔知徒道潔我我瓶知長(zhǎng)道逗你恩知獎(jiǎng)道道我慕知少道堅(jiān)你我休知浪道柜你蘿知至道四我俱知騰道逢你向知租道菊我…形…2俯5/殼3責(zé)0第狂四筍節(jié)步經(jīng)盞濟(jì)照學(xué)脖的戶內(nèi)糕容經(jīng)頂濟(jì)池學(xué)盲＝查“穗經(jīng)恥濟(jì)搞人春”僚＋路“諷看儉不眠見(jiàn)預(yù)的班手溜”2誤6企業(yè)

要素市場(chǎng)產(chǎn)品市場(chǎng)家庭政府二徐、茫微槽觀遇經(jīng)督濟(jì)遷學(xué)傷分突析2列7/錄3素0第吊四漠節(jié)蜜經(jīng)裳濟(jì)泡學(xué)擺的濁內(nèi)號(hào)容圖1久.耀1悲.參6微辛觀爛經(jīng)馬濟(jì)志分葛析樸框丙圖2鋤8/辰3策0第蒙四湖節(jié)享經(jīng)肯