2024屆高三英語復(fù)習(xí)：閱讀理解之詞義猜測題型解題技巧課件

猜

測

詞

義GuessingmeaningsofwordsIfyoucomeacrossnewwordswhenreading,Whatwillyoudo?Ignore

themandcontinuereadingLookthemupinthedictionaryGuess

themeaning

How

toguessthemeaningsofwords

詞義猜測題常用的提問方式有：1.Theword“…”refersto/probablymeans/couldbestbereplacedby_______.2.Theword“…”ismostlikelytomean___.3.Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“…”standsfor?4.Theunderlinedword“…”means____.5.Theword“...”inParagraph3isclosestinmeaningto_____1.Definition定義法3.Similarity相似法2.Contrast對比法4.Causeandeffect因果法5.Example例舉法8.CommonSense普通常識6.WordFormation構(gòu)詞法猜測詞義7.Context上下文三字經(jīng)尋

定

義找

關(guān)

系讀

例

子鎖

兩

句同

近

反文

邏

輯構(gòu)

詞

法斷

詞

義Itwillbeveryhardbutverybrittle—thatis,itwillbreakeasily.1.Definition定義法：一般通過定義

解釋

概念、定語（從句）或同位語（從句）來確定詞義。

(adj.

易碎的,脆的)Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.

(n.

牧羊人)2.Contrast對比法：

利用文中的反義詞以及表對比關(guān)系的詞（組）猜測詞義。表示對比的詞有butwhilehoweverotherwiseunlikeinsteadontheotherhand等等Mostofusagreed,however,Billdissented.Sheisusuallypromptforallherclasses,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.A.ontimeB.lateC.slowlyD.quicklyA

(v.

不同意)3.Similarity相似法：利用同義詞、近義詞或詞組猜測詞義。Cleaningupwaterwaysisanenormous

task.Thejobissolarge,infact,thatthegovernmentmaynotbeabletosavesomeoftheriversandlakeswhichhavebeenpolluted.(adj.

巨大的;極大的)4.CauseEffect因果法：從原因推測結(jié)果，從結(jié)果推測原因。Onewhoisdestitutehasagreatneedforfoodandclothing.

Thatmuseumissoimmensethatitwillbeimpossibletoseealltheexhibitionsinoneday.

(adj.

貧窮的,窮困的)

(adj.

大的)Withthehelpofconjunctionslike:

becauseassinceforsothusasaresultthereforesothatetc.5.Example例舉法：利用文中的舉例提示詞。常見的舉例的提示詞有forinstance,forexample,suchas等。Todayyoungcouplesoftenspendlotsoftheirmoneyonappliances,forinstance,washingmachines,refrigeratorsandcolortelevisions.(n.

電器用具)6.WordFormation構(gòu)詞法：英語單詞大多是由詞根、詞頭（前綴）和詞尾（后綴）所組成。詞根是單詞最基本的部分，表達(dá)單詞的基本含義。在詞根前或后加上前綴或后綴，可以用來引申或轉(zhuǎn)變原詞的意義。

Withtheirshiningbrowneyes,waggingtails,andunconditional

love,dogscanprovidethenonjudgmental

listenersneededforabeginningreadertogainconfidence.unconditional:無條件的,絕對的adj.condition

conditional

情況，條件n.

有條件的adj.unconditional:nonjudgmental:沒有判斷力的judge

judgment

judgmental判斷v.判斷n.adj.nonjudgmental:前綴和后綴辨析：super-(超)mini-(極小的,微小的)micro-（極微小的）re-（再，反復(fù)）mis-（誤，惡）im-（不）un-（不，非）in-（不，非）non-（不，非）-able（能…的）-less（不，無）-wards(向)supermanmicrowave(超人)nonnaturalmispronouce(非自然的)

homelessnonsmoker(無家可歸的)rebuildeastwards(重建)

Canyouguesstherightmeanings?(微波)(非煙民)(發(fā)錯音)(向東)1)HesoundedquitenervousandhehadbeentalkingforaminuteorsobeforeIunderstandanything.EventhenallIcouldmakeoutwasthatsomeonecalledMillyhadhadaverybadaccident.

A.seeclearlyB.understandC.expectB7.Context上下文：利用語境及前后文的提示。

Tomsawan

owlinatreelastnight．A．a(chǎn)birdB．a(chǎn)nanimalC.astar2）Tomsawan

owllastnight．

A．a(chǎn)birdB．a(chǎn)nanimalC.astar

Tomsawan

owlinatreelastnightbutitflewawaywhenhegotnear．A．a(chǎn)birdB．a(chǎn)nanimalC.astarAAB(n.

貓頭鷹)3）Thechildrenarelookingatanape.A．a(chǎn)kindofmonkeyB．a(chǎn)kindoftreeC．a(chǎn)kindofbirdThechildrenarelookingatanapeatthezoo．A．a(chǎn)kindofmonkeyB．a(chǎn)kindoftreeC．a(chǎn)kindofbirdThechildrenarelookingatalarge,hairy

apeatthezoo．A．a(chǎn)kindofmonkeyB．a(chǎn)kindoftreeC．a(chǎn)kindofbirdAAC(n.

猿)8.Commonsense普通常識：根據(jù)普通常識和生活經(jīng)驗來猜測詞義。在閱讀的過程中

有時可以根據(jù)自身的直接或間接的經(jīng)驗，或運用自己已有的常識將其推測出來。比如天文地理、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣、宗教信仰、政治結(jié)構(gòu)、社會制度等。Whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient，heusuallygivesananesthetictomakehimunconscious，becausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim.n.

麻醉劑(藥)Inquiry-basedActivities(I)探究活動(1)

Canyouguessthecorrectmeaningsofthefollowingwords?----------------------------------------------------

1.Therearesomeglaciers

whichisariverofice.movingdownthemountainvalleys，

A.雪山B.樹枝C.冰河D.冰

2.Heisaresoluteman.Oncehemadeuphismindtodosomething,hewon’tgiveituphalfway.A.weakB.firmC.kindD.clever

3.Mr.BrownisnowworkingatPrincetonUniversityfarawayfromhome.Forthisreasonhehastorentaroomneartheofficewhereheworks.

A.租用B.借出C.購買D.參觀

CAB4.Theofficialaskedthemanwhathis

occupationwas.Themantoldhimthatheworkedasanengineer.A.workB.studyC.nameD.interest

5.Theoldwomanhasa

strange

habittokeepover100catsinherhouse.Herneighborallcallheraneccentriclady.A.愛貓的B.古怪的C.閑不住D.動物保護主義者6.Inmanycountriestherearetwofinancialextremes,frompenury

togreatwealth.A.便士B.溫飽C.非常貧困D.虛弱ABC7.Mrs.Smithisloquaciouswhileherhusbandisthesilenttype.A.活潑的B.好動的C.愛說話的D.可愛的8.Thosenewcomerswerenotusedtothelifeinthesuburbswhichwassodifferentfromthatinsidethecity.A.townB.capitalC.countrysideD.house9.Thisboyisnotstupid,onthecontrary,noonecouldbemoreintelligent.A.勤奮的B.愚蠢的C.聰明的D.情報CCC10.Childrenarealwaysboasting.Theysaythingslike“MyDad’scarisbiggerthanyourDad’s,”“MyMomissmarterthanyours.”and“Myfamilyhasmoremoneythanyours.”Theword“boasting”means_____.A.驕傲B.吹牛C.頑皮D.幼稚BInquiry-basedActivities(II)探究活動(2)

Passage1.Wecannotfeelspeed.Butoursenseletusknowthatwearemoving.Weseethingsmovingpastandfeelthatwearebeingshaken.Wecanfeelacceleration,anincreaseinspeed.Butwenoticeitforonlyashorttime.Forexamplewefeelitduringthetakeoffrunofanairplane.1.Accelerationisthenamefor_______.A.anykindofmovementB.themovementofaplaneC.asteadyspeed D.anincreaseinspeedPassage2.

Alltheathletestrytobeattheclosingceremony.Theyhaveforgottenalltheirfearsandworries.Itdoesnotmatterwhethertheyhavedonewellornot.Alltheteamswalkroundthestadiumtogether.Everybodyinthevillage

clearsupandgetsreadytoleave.Everyoneishuntingforlocalproducts.Peopleexchangetracksuits,hats,runningvestandsoon.Thereisalastchancetotakephotographsandgetaddressesofnewfriends.Theneachteamstartsitsjourneyhome.5.Theunderlinephrase“clearsup”intheparagraphmeans______.A.packsupB.goesawayC.makesclearD.doesthecleaningPassage3

Therulerhadbeensocruelanddishonestthataftertherevolutionhewasbanished.AfewmembersoftheSenate(參議院)opposedthisdecision,butthemajorityvotedthattheruler

shouldleavethecountryforever.

Theunderlinedword“banished”mean_______.A.killedbystoningB.sentawayC.imprisonedD.punishedbywhipping

BPassage4

Myfirstjobwastodrivetheoxenthatploughedthecanefields.Iwouldwalkbehindanox,guidinghimwithastick.For$1aday,Iworkedeighthoursstraight,withnofoodbreaks.Itwasverytediouswork,butitpreparedmeforlifeandtaughtmemanylastinglessons.Becausetheplantationownerswerealwayswatchingus,IhadtobeontimeeverydayandworkashardasIcould.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tedious”probablymean?A.interestingB.tiresomeC.relaxingD.challengingBPassage5

Althoughheoftenhadthechance,Mr.Brownwasneverabletostealmoneyfromacustomer.Thiswouldendangeredhispositionatthebank,andhedidnotwanttojeopardizehisfuture.

Theword“jeopardize”means_____inthistext.A.protectB.endangerC.continueD.stopB方法總結(jié)與例析探究2023/7/20湘鄉(xiāng)市第三中學(xué)周洪敦主講例析與探究【例】Themodernageofmedicinebeganwiththestethoscope,aninstrumentforlisteningtoapatient’sheartbeatandbreathing.【悟】由生詞后的_______(從句)或定語從句可猜詞義，也就是_____猜詞法。常見信息詞____________________________________________________

聽病人心臟跳動和呼吸【析】同位語部分意思是，stethoscope是用來_______________________的儀器，也即__________?！奥犜\器”mean,thesameas,thatistosay,inotherwords,...同位語定義2023/7/20湘鄉(xiāng)市第三中學(xué)周洪敦主講例析與探究【悟】根據(jù)對比關(guān)系猜測詞義。句中有__________________________________________________________等表轉(zhuǎn)折的詞時，前后句含有對比意義，據(jù)此可猜測生詞詞義。【析】incontrast表示_____，supercilious與modest意義相對應(yīng)，可猜出supercilious意為__________________。

對比“傲慢的；目空一切的”but,however,yet,though,although,ontheotherhand,instead【例】AndrewisoneofthemostsuperciliousmenIknew.Hisbrotherincontrast,isquitemodest.例析與探究【悟】根據(jù)______關(guān)系猜測詞義。表示_____關(guān)系的信息詞有：___________________________________等?！疚觥縯hus是信息詞，因為我對工作過分注意，因此_______________________，這樣可知sacrifice意思應(yīng)該為“______________”。

失去了許多學(xué)習(xí)的時間犧牲；失去因果因果because,so,therefore,thus,so...that【例】IfoundIwaspayingtoomuchattention