2017年6月英語六級考試真題及答案解析第二套版

Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA)ngenjoyablework.B)avingfriendlyC)Earningacompetitivesalary.D)Workingforsupportive【解析】中關(guān)于第一個(gè)，男士說有十大因素影響著人們在工作中的感。并提及對接受的大多數(shù)人來說，最重要的因素就是擁有友好、給予支持的同事。事實(shí)上，接受的人中有73%的人把與同事的關(guān)系作為促成工作感的關(guān)鍵因素，這是一個(gè)很高的比例。由此可知，友好的同事是讓員工感到的第一因素。故選B。A)31%.B)C)25%.D)owever,20%ofemployeesdescribedthemselvesasbeingunhappyB。A)Thoseofasmallsize.B)ThoserunbyC)Thosethatarewellmanaged.D)Thosefullofskilled【解析】中男士說從中還得出了一些更有趣的結(jié)論：首先小公司很好，人們更明確地傾向于在不超過100人的較小的機(jī)構(gòu)或公司中工作。由此可知，小規(guī)模的公司在員工中更受歡迎。故選A。A)TheycanhopfromjobtojobTheycanwinrecognitionoftheirTheycanbetterbalanceworkandTheycantakeonmorethanone【解析】中男士說一天只工作4、5個(gè)小時(shí)的合同工比那些全職的人更快樂。隨后提及，從中得出的結(jié)論是，這一現(xiàn)象可能是由于合同工能更好地平衡工作和C。Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA)ItisabookofEuropeanhistory.B)ItisanintroductiontoC)ItisaboutthecityofBruges.D)Itisacollectionof【解析】開篇問男士一開始是怎么對這一感的。男士在回答時(shí)提到，對近的的恐懼成為了這一大型拍攝項(xiàng)目的。由此可推斷出，《洪水將至》是一本攝影集。故選D。A)WhenpaintingtheconcerthallofWhenvacationinginanItaliancoastalWhentakingpicturesforaconcertWhenwritingaboutBelgium’scoastal【解析】男士在回答的問題（一開始是怎么對這一感的）時(shí)提及，“2006年，布魯日城的音樂廳讓我為一個(gè)新的音樂節(jié)的拍一些關(guān)于水的的照片”。由此可知，男士是在為音樂錄拍照時(shí)想出了這一作品的。故選C。A)TheentireEuropeancoastlinewillbeTherichheritageofEuropewillbelostcompleTheseawaterofEuropewillbeseriouslyThemajorEuropeanscenicspotswill【解析】男士在中提及，傳媒報(bào)導(dǎo)中有大量警惕性文章是關(guān)于即將發(fā)生的氣候突變。并且中問男士，關(guān)于原話“我不想拍攝，拍攝即將發(fā)生的災(zāi)難”能否說些什么。男士在回答，整個(gè)歐洲的海岸線被淹沒只是時(shí)間問題，這一點(diǎn)現(xiàn)在常清楚。由此可知，氣候突變發(fā)生時(shí)，整個(gè)歐洲的海岸線將被淹沒。故選A。A)ItswaterwaysarebeingincreasinglyPeoplecannotgetaroundwithoutusingItattractslargenumbersoftouristsfromhomeandTouristsusewoodenpathstoreachtheirhosinthe【解析】中男士在回答的問題（關(guān)于歷史在這個(gè)項(xiàng)目中的作用）時(shí)提及，威尼斯是一座一直受到海水的城市，在那里每天早上會(huì)建起接木橋讓游客通往旅館。故選D。SectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions9to12arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)TheymakecarefulpreparationTheytaketoomanyirrelevantfactorsintoTheyspendtoomuchtimeanticipatingtheirTheytryhardtoavoidgettingoffonthewrong【解析】題目是問一些人在新情況時(shí)是如何表現(xiàn)的。材料開頭提到，一些人面對新情況時(shí)，常常花費(fèi)太多的時(shí)間預(yù)期的結(jié)果來預(yù)演他們。其中C選項(xiàng)中的theirdefeat即材料中的theworst。故選C。A)A’snervoussystemismorecomplicatedthanGolfersusuallyhavepositivementalimagesofMentalimagesofteninterferewithathletes’Thinkinghasthesameeffectonthenervoussystemas【解析】材料中提到，在斯坦福大學(xué)做的研究表明，心理影像對神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的刺激方式和行動(dòng)對神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的刺激方式是一樣的。并且在后文給出了一個(gè)球手的例子來說明這一點(diǎn)。故選D。A)AnticipatepossibleMakealistofdo’sandPicturethemselvesTrytoappearmore【解析】材料中提到了一位女，她在開始第一個(gè)陪審團(tuán)審案之前常緊張。說話人給建議是：讓她創(chuàng)造一個(gè)畫面想象自己自信是什么樣子的。對她而言這意味著，在上自信地走動(dòng)，用有說服力的肢體語言和突出自己以便讓后門的席上的人能夠聽見。她同樣也想象了一個(gè)巧妙的結(jié)辯陳詞和一個(gè)勝利的審判。由此可以推斷出，說話人給處于壓力情況下的人的建議是想象自己成功的樣子。故選C。A)Sheworeadesignerdress.B)ShewonherfirstjuryC)Shedidnotspeakloudenough.D)Shepresentedmoving【解析】題目問及女在上的表現(xiàn)。材料結(jié)尾提到，年輕的女在自信的預(yù)演幾周之后，確實(shí)贏了第一個(gè)陪審團(tuán)審案。故選B。Questions13to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)Itslong-termeffectsareyettobeItshealthbenefitshavebeenIthelpspeopletoavoiddevelobreastItenablespatientswithdiabetestorecover【解析】材料中提到，研究現(xiàn)在表明，把纖維添加到青少年的飲食中能幫助降低患的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。并且在后文中也提到，飲食專家克里斯蒂?金發(fā)現(xiàn)很難使青少年關(guān)注健康的飲食，他告訴青少年多吃高纖維食物可以降低在中年之前患的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。由此可知，把纖維放到青少年飲食中能夠幫助人們避免患。故選C。A)ItfocusedontheirwaysoflifeduringyoungIttrackedtheirchangeinfoodpreferencesfor20ItfocusedontheirdifferencefrommeninfiberIttrackedtheireatinghabitssincetheir【解析】材料中提到，有一項(xiàng)基于對44000名女性研究的新發(fā)現(xiàn)。該研究了2044000研究追蹤了她們自以來的飲食習(xí)慣。故選D。A)FibermayhelptoreducehormonesintheFibermaybringmorebenefitstowomenthanFibermayimprovethefunctionofheartFibermaymakebloodcirculationmore【解析】文章中提到，對44000名女性的研究表明了長期以來的，即纖維能夠降低容就是你吃的纖維越多，你身體中的激素水平可能越低，因此，患的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)也就越低。故選A。SectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeyedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustA)ObservingthechangesinConductingresearchonconsumerStudyingthehazardsofyoungpeopleInvestigatingtheimpactofmediaon【解析】材料開頭就提到，說話者目前的研究實(shí)際上是關(guān)于消費(fèi)者行為。其中，文章中提到的市場變化、年輕人喝酒都是在用案例論證要從消費(fèi)者的角度看問題。對的影響并未提及。故選B。A)ItisthecauseofmanystreetItisgettingworseyearbyItisachiefconcernofItisanactof而不是父母的關(guān)切。故選D。A)TheyspentaweekstudyingtheirownpurchasingTheyresearchedtheimpactofphonesonyoungTheyysedtheirfamilybudgetsovertheTheyconductedathoroughresearchon【解析】材料中提到，說話者的學(xué)生去年花了一周的時(shí)間研究他們自己的行為，并且對從商店到他們與零售銀行和提供商之間的關(guān)系做了詳細(xì)的分析。故選AQuestions19to22arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustA)ItishelitsbankstoimproveItistryinghardtodoawaywithdirtyItisthefirstcountrytousecreditcardsintheItislikelytogiveuppapermoneyinthenear【解析】題目是問從中我們對瑞典有何了解。材料開頭提到，瑞典是第一個(gè)印刷和使用的歐洲國家，但是它可能很快將不再使用。D選項(xiàng)符合題意。故選DA)WhetheritispossibletotravelwithoutcarryinganyphysicalWhetheritispossibletopredicthowmuchmoneyoneisgoingtoWhethertheabsenceofphysicalcurrencycausesa tospendWhethertheabsenceofphysicalcurrencyisgoingtoaffecteveryday【解析】材料中提到，克萊爾?貝瑞塔想查明沒有是否確實(shí)會(huì)導(dǎo)致一個(gè)人花C。A)TherewasnofoodserviceontheTheserviceonthetrainwasnotTherestaurantcaracceptedcashThecashinherhandbagwas【解析】材料中提到，克萊爾?貝瑞塔在實(shí)驗(yàn)期間坐了一次火車。在途中，有一項(xiàng)通告告訴人們餐車目前不接受支付。因?yàn)楹芏喑丝吐眯兄袥]有帶現(xiàn)金，所以火車上有很多抱怨。由此可知，火車上的餐車只接受現(xiàn)金支付。故選C。A)ByputtingmoneyintoBydrawingmoneyweekbyBylimitingtheirday-to-dayByrefusingtobuyanythingon【解析】材料中提到，說父母年輕的時(shí)候常把錢放進(jìn)信封里來做預(yù)算。當(dāng)他們拿到工資后，他們便立馬把現(xiàn)金分為幾份放進(jìn)信封，這樣他們就能知道每周有多少錢。故選A。Questions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustA)PopulationB)Chronichunger.C)Extinctionofrarespecies.D)Environmental【解析】材料中提到，說話者想要告訴我們?nèi)祟惾丝诘倪^去、現(xiàn)在和將來，并且用幾個(gè)問題作為開場。第一個(gè)問題就是：現(xiàn)在有十億人長期處于饑餓狀態(tài)，這意味著他們醒來后感覺俄，一整天都感覺餓，睡覺的時(shí)候也感覺餓。故選B。A)TheycontributetoAbouthalfofthemareTheyhavebeenbroughtunderThemajorityofthemtendtoend【解析】材料中提到，有2000—2500萬不識字的女人在上沒有得到她們想要的控制。這一問題不只在發(fā)展中國家有，全球有近五成的懷孕是出于意外。故選B。A)ItisessentialtothewellbeingofallspeciesonIt ingasubjectofinterdisciplinaryItisneglectedinmanyofthedeveloItisbeginningtoattractpostgraduates’【解析】材料中提到，人口統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)不僅關(guān)乎人類的種群，也關(guān)乎于人類種群，還包括無生命的對象。它是一種預(yù)真實(shí)世界更明智、更有效的方法。它不僅能夠提高你自己的福祉，同樣重要的是，它還能夠提高你自己和周圍的人以及與我們共享地球的其他物種的福祉。由此可知，人口統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)對地球上所有物種來說都是必要的。故選A。PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswersheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethan ingofPurdueUniversityin2013,MitchDanielsaskedthefacultytoprovethattheirstudentshaveactuallyachievedoneofhighereducation’smostimportantgoals:criticalthinkingskills.Twoyearsbefore,anationwidestudyofcollegegraduateshadshownthatmorethanathirdhadmadeno gainsinsuchmentalabilitiesduringtheirschoolyears.Mr.Danielsneededto27thehighcostofattendingPurduetoitsstudentsandtheirfamilies.Afterall,thepercentageofAmericanswhosayacollegedegreeis“veryimportant”hasfallen28inthelast5-6years.Purduenowhasapilottesttoassessstudents’criticalthinkingskills.YetlikemanycollegeteachersaroundtheU.S.,thefacultyremain theirworkaseducatorscanbemeasuredbya“l(fā)earning 30”suchasagraduate’sabilitytoinvestigateandreason.owever,theprofessorsneednotworrysomuch.Theresultsofarecentexperimentshowedthatprofessorscan metricstomeasurehowwellstudentsdointhreekeyareas:criticalthinking,writtencommunication,andtativeli Despitethesuccessoftheexperiment,theactualresultsareworrisome,andmostly earlierstudies.Theorganizersoftheexperimentconcludedthatfarfewerstudentswereachievingathighlevelsoncriticalthinkingthantheywere ngforwrittencommunicationortativelicy.Andthatconclusionisbasedonlyonstudentsnearinggraduation.Americanuniversities,despitetheirglobal forexcellenceinteaching,haveonlybeguntodemonstratewhattheycanproduceinreal-worldlearning.Knowledge-baseddegreesarestillimportant,butemployersare advancedthinkingskillsfromcollegegraduates.Iftheinlectualworthofacollegedegreecan measured,morepeoplewillseekhighereducation--andcomeoutbetteraccurayB)confirmC)demandingD)doubtfulE)F)justifyG)monopolized eI)predominanceJ)K)reputationL)significantM)signifyN)simultaneouslyO)【解析】L?？崭袂笆切稳菰~no,空格后是名詞gains，所以此空應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)形容詞。根據(jù)句意，選項(xiàng)中只有significant符合句意。havemadenosignificantgainsL?！窘馕觥縁?？崭袂笆遣欢ㄊ絫o，空格后是名詞詞組thehighcost,所以此空應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句意，動(dòng)詞中只有justify符合句意。故選F?！窘馕觥縀。空格前是hasfallen，空格后是時(shí)間狀語inthelast5-6years，本句是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)且不缺句子成分，所以此空應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)副詞。根據(jù)句意，選項(xiàng)中只有drastically符合句意。故選E。【解析】D?？崭袂笆莿?dòng)詞remain，空格后是that引導(dǎo)的表語從句，所以此空應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)形容詞。根據(jù)句意，選項(xiàng)中只有doubtful符合句意。故選D。【解析】。雙引號前是不定冠詞a，所以此空應(yīng)填入一個(gè)名詞。根據(jù)句意，選項(xiàng)中只有e符合句意。故選?！窘馕觥縊?？崭袂笆莿?dòng)詞use，空格后是名詞metrics，所以此空應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)形容詞或名詞。根據(jù)句意，選項(xiàng)中只有standardized符合句意。故選O?！窘馕觥緽?？崭袂笆歉痹~mostly，空格后是名詞詞組earlierstudies，由空格所在小分句開頭的andtheactualresults形。根據(jù)句意，選項(xiàng)中只有confirm符合句意。故選B?！窘馕觥縆?？崭袂笆切稳菰~global，空格后是介詞調(diào)組forexcellenceinteaching，所以此空應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)名詞。根據(jù)句意，選項(xiàng)中只有reputation符合句意。故選【解析】C?？崭袂笆窍祫?dòng)詞are,空格后是名詞詞組advancedthinkingskills, 要，但雇主要求大學(xué)畢業(yè)生具備較強(qiáng)的思維能力。”選項(xiàng)中只有demanding(要求；查問）符合句意。demandfrom為固定搭配，意為“向要求”。故選C?！窘馕觥緼?？崭袂笆窍祫?dòng)詞be，空格后是動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)measured，所以此空應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)副詞，以修飾measured。根據(jù)句意，選項(xiàng)中只有accuray符合句意。故A。SectionDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswersheet2.ThePriceofOilandthePriceof[A]Fossilfuelpricesarelikelytostay“l(fā)owforlong”.Notwithstandingimportantrecentprogressindevelorenewablefuelsources,lowfossilfuelpricescoulddiscouragefurtherinnovationin,andadoptionof,cleanerenergy.Theresultwouldbehigheremissionsofcarbondioxideandothergreenhousegases.[B]makersshouldnotallowlowenergypricestoderailthecleanenergytransition.Actiontorestoreappropriatepriceincentives,notablythroughcorrectivecarbonpricing,isurgentlyneededtolowertheriskofirreversibleandpotentiallydevastatingeffectsofclimatechange.Thatapproachalsooffersfiscalbenefits.Oilpriceshavedroppedbyover60%sinceJune2014.Acommonlyheldviewintheoilindustryisthat“thebestcureforlowoilpricesislowoilprices”.Thereasoningbehindthissayingisthatlowoilpricesdiscourageinvestmentinnewproductioncapacity,eventuallyshiftingtheoilsupplycurvebackwardandbringingpricesbackupasexistingoilfields---whichcanbetappedatrelativelylowmarginalcost----aredepleted.Infact,inlinewithpastexperience,capitalexpenditureintheoilsectorhasdroppedsharplyinmanyproducingcountries,includingtheUnitedStates.Thedynamicadjustmenttolowoilpricesmay,however,bedifferentthistimearound.Oilpricesareexpectedtoremainlowerforlonger.Theadventofnewhasaddedabout4.2millionbarrelsperdaytothecrudeoilmarket,contributingtoaglobalover-supply.Inaddition,otherfactorsareputtingdownwardpressureonoilprices:changeinthestrategicbehavioroftheOrganizationofPetroleumExportingCountries,theprojectedincreaseinIranianexports,thescaling-downofglobaldemand(especiallyfromemergingmarketsthelong-termdropinpetroleumconsumptionintheUnitedStates,andsomediscementofoilbysubstitutes.Theselikelypersistents,likethegrowthofshale(頁巖)oil,pointtoa“l(fā)owforlong”scenario.Futuresmarkets,whichshowonlyamodestrecoveryofpricestoaround$60abarrelby2019,supportthisview.Naturalgasandcoal—alsofossilfuels—havesimilarlyseenpricedeclinesthatlooktobelong-lived.Coalandnaturalgasaremainlyusedforelectricitygeneration,whereasoilisusedmostlytopowertransportation,yetthepricesofalltheseenergysourcesarelinked.TheNorthAmericanshalegasboomhasresultedinrecordlowpricesthere.TherecentdiscoveryofthegiantZohrgasfieldofftheEgyptiancoastwilleventuallyhaveimpactonpricingintheMediterraneanregionandEurope,andthereissignificantdevelopmentpotentialinmanyotherces,notablyArgentina.Coalpricesalsoarelow,owingtoover-supplyandthescaling-downofdemand,especiallyfrom,whichbumshalfoftheworld’scoal.Technologicalinnovationshaveunleashedthepowerofrenewablessuchaswind,hydro,solar,andgeothermal(地?zé)?.EvenAfricaandtheMiddleEast,hometoeconomiesthatareheavilydependentonfossilfuelexports,haveenormouspotentialtodeveloprenewablesForexampletheUnitedArabEmirateshasendorsedanambitioustargettodraw24%ofitsprimaryenergyconsumptionfromrenewablesourcesby2021.Progressinthedevelopmentofrenewablescouldbefragile,however,iffossilfuelpricesremainlowforlong.Renewablesaccountforonlyasmallshareofglobalprimaryenergyconsumption,whichisstilldominatedbyfossilfuels—30%eachforcoalandoil,25%fornaturalgas.Butrenewableenergywillhavetodiscefossilfuelstoamuchgreaterextentinthefuturetoavoidunacceptableclimaterisks.[]Unfortunay,thecurrentlowpricesforoil,gas,andcoalmayprovidelittleincentiveforresearchtofindevencheapersubstitutesforthosefuels.Thereisstrongevidencethatbothinnovationandadoptionofcleanertechnologyarestronglyencouragedbyhigherfossilfuelprices.Thesameistruefornewforalleviatingfossilfuelemissions.Thecurrentlowfossilfuelpriceenvironmentwillthuscertainlydelaytheenergytransitionfromfossilfueltocleanenergysources.Unless echeapenoughthatsubstantialcarbondepositsareleftundergroundforaverylongtime,ifnotforever,thenetwilllikelybeexposedtopotentiallycatastrophicclimaterisks.Someclimateimpactsmayalreadybediscernible.Forexample,theUnitedNationsChildren’sFundestimatesthatsome11millionchildreninAfricafacehunger,disease,andwatershortagesasaresultofthestrongestElNino(厄爾尼諾)weatherphenomenonindecades.ManyscientistsbelievethatElNinoevents,causedbywarminginthePacific,are ingmoreintenseasaresultofclimatechange.NationsfromaroundtheworldhavegatheredinParisfortheUnitedNationsClimateChangeConference,COP21,withthegoalofauniversalandpotentiallylegally-bindingagreementonreducinggreenhousegasemissions.Weneedverybroadparticipationtofullyaddresstheglobaltragedythatresultswhencountriesfailtotakeintoaccountthenegativeimpactoftheircarbonemissionsontherestoftheworld.Moreover,non-participationbynations,ifsufficientlywidespread,canunderminethepoliticalwillofparticipatingcountriestoact.ThenationsparticipatingatCOP21arefocusingontativeemissions-reductioncommitments.Economicreasoningshowsthattheleastexpensivewayforeachcountryistoputapriceoncarbonemissions.Thereasonisthatwhencarbonispriced,thoseemissionsreductionsthatareleastcostlytoimplementwillhappenfirst.TheInternationalMonetaryFundcalculatesthatcountriescangeneratesubstantialfiscalrevenuesbyeliminatingfossilfuelsubsidiesandlevyingcarbonchargesthatcapturethedomesticdamagecausedbyemissions.Ataxonupstreamcarbonsourcesisoneeasywaytoputapriceoncarbonemissions,althoughsomecountriesmaywishtouseothermethods,suchasemissionstradingschemes.Inordertoizeglobalwelfare,everycountry’scarbonpricingshouldreflectnotonlythepurelydomesticdamagefromemissions,butalsothedamagetoforeignSettingtherightcarbonpricewillthereforeefficientlyalignthecostspaidbycarbonuserswiththetruesocialopportunitycostofusingcarbon.Byraisingrelativedemandforcleanenergysources,acarbonpricewouldalsohelpalignthemarketreturntoclean-energyinnovationwithitssocialreturn,spurringtherefinementofexistingandthedevelopmentofnewones.Anditwouldraisethedemandforsuchascarboncaptureandstorage,spurringtheirfurtherdevelopment.Ifnotcorrectedbytheappropriatecarbonprice,lowfossilfuelpricesarenotaccuraysignalingtomarketsthetruesocialprofitabilityofcleanenergy.Whilealternativeestimatesofthedamagefromcarbonemissionsdiffer,andit’sespeciallyhardtoreckonthelikelycostsofpossiblecatastrophicclimateevents,mostestimatessuggestsubstantialnegativeeffects.Directsubsidiestoresearchanddevelopmenthavebeenadoptedbysomeernmentsbutareapoorsubstituteforacarbonprice:theydoonlypartofthejob,leavingincemarketincentivestoover-usefossilfuelsandtherebyaddtothestockofatmosphericgreenhousegaseswithoutregardtothe l(附帶的)costs.ThehopeisthatthesuccessofCOP21opensthedoortofutureinternationalagreementoncarbonprices.Agreementonaninternationalcarbon-pricefloorwouldbeagoodstartingpointinthatprocess.Failuretoaddresscomprehensivelytheproblemofgreenhousegasemissions,however,exposesallgenerations,presentandfuture,toincalculablerisks.Anumberoffactorsaredrivingdowntheglobaloilpricesnotjustfornowbutintheforeseeablefuture.PricingcarbonprovesthemosteconomicalwaytoreducegreenhousegasItisestimatedthatextremeweatherconditionshaveendangeredthelivesofmillionsofAfricanchildren.Thepricesofcoalarelowasaresultofover-supplyanddecreasingigherfossilfuelpricesprovetobeconducivetoinnovationandapplicationofcleanertechnology.Iffossilfuelpricesremainlowforalongtime,itmayleadtohigheremissionsofgreenhousegases.Fossilfuelsremainthemajorsourceofprimaryenergyconsumptiontoday’sEvenmajorfossilexportingcountrieshavegreatpotentialtodeveloprenewableenergies.Greenhousegasemissions,ifnotproperlydealtwith,willposeendlessrisksformankind.Itisurgentfor ernmentstoincreasethecostofusingfossilfuelstoanappropriateleveltolessenthecatastrophiceffectsofclimate【解析】[D]。根據(jù)題中的Anumberoffactors和drivingdowntheglobaloilprices可定位至[D]段第三、四句。【解析】[L]。根據(jù)題中的Pricingcarbon和themosteconomicalway可定位至[L]段第二句。【解析】[J]。根據(jù)題中的Africanchildren可定位至[J]段第二句【解析】[E]。根據(jù)題中的over-supplyanddecreasingdemand可定【解析】[]。根據(jù)題中的higherfossilfuelprices以【解析】[A]。根據(jù)題中的remainlowforalongtime和higheremissionsofgreenhousegases可定位至[A]段第一、三句。【解析】[G]。根據(jù)題中的primaryenergyconsumption可定位至[G]段【解析】[F]。根據(jù)題中的majorfossilexportingcountriesdeveloprenewableenergiesF【解析】[Onotproperlydealtwithposeendlessrisks可定位至[O]段最后一句?！窘馕觥縖B]。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題中的urgentfor increasethecost和lessenthecatastrophiceffects可定位至[B]段第二句。SectionDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthePassageQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingOpendatasharersarestillintheminorityinmanyfields.Althoughmanyresearchersbroadlyagreethatpublicaccesstorawdatawouldacceleratescience,mostarereluctanttoposttheresultsoftheirownlaborsonline.Somecommunitieshaveagreedtoshareonline—geneticists,forexample,postDNAsequencesattheGenBankrepository(庫),andastronomersareaccustomedtoaccessingimagesofgalaxiesandstarsfrom,say,theSloanDigitalSkySurvey,aescopethathasobservedsome500millionobjects---buttheseremaintheexception,nottherule.istorically,scientistshaveobjectedtosharingformanyreasonsitisalotofworkuntilrecently,gooddatabasesdidnotexist;grantfunderswerenotpushingforsharing;ithasbeendifficulttoagreeonstandardsforformattingdata;andthereisnoagreedwaytoassigncreditfordata.Butthebarriersaredisappearing,inpartbecausejournalsandfundingagenciesworldwideareencouragingscientiststomaketheirdatapublic.Lastyear,theRoyalSocietyinLondonsaidinitsreportthatscientistsneedto“shiftawayfromaresearchculturewheredataisviewedasaprivatepreserve”.Fundingagenciesnotethatdatapaidforwithpublicmoneyshouldbepublicinformation,andthescientificcommunityisrecognizingthatdatacannowbeshareddigitallyinwaysthatwerenotpossiblebefore.Tomatchthegrowingdemand,servicesarespringinguptomakeiteasiertopublishresearchproductsonlineandenableotherresearcherstodiscoverandcitethem.Althoughcallstosharedataoftenconcentrateonthemoraladvantagesofsharing,thepracticeisnotpurelyaltruistic(利他的).Researcherswhosharegetplentyof albenefits,includingmoreconnectionswithcolleagues,improvedvisibilityandincreasedcitations.Themostsuccessfulsharers一thosewhosedataaredownloadedandcitedthemostoften---getnoticed,andtheirworkgetsused.Forexample,oneofthemostpopulardatasetsonmultidisciplinaryrepositoryDryadisaboutwooddensityaroundtheworld;ithasbeendownloaded5,700times.Co-authorAmyZannethinksthatusersprobablyrangefromclimate-changeresearcherswantingtoestimatehowmuchcarbonisstoredinbiomass,toerslookingforinformationondifferentgradesoftimber.“I’dmuchprefertohavemydatausedbytheumnumberofpeopletoasktheirownquestions,”shesays.“It’simportanttoallowreadersandreviewerstoseeexactlyhowyouarriveatyourresults.Publishingdataandcodeallowsyoursciencetobereproducible.”Evenpeoplewhosedataarelesspopularcanbenefit.Bymakingtheefforttoorganizeandlabelfilessootherscanunderstandthem,scientists moreorganizedandbetterdisciplinedthemselves,thusavoidingconfusionlaterWhatdomanyresearchersgenerallyItisimperativetoprotectscientists’RepositoriesareessentialtoscientificOpendatasharingismostimportanttomedicalOpendatasharingisconducivetoscientific【解析】由題中的manyresearchers,generallyaccept可定位至原文的第一段。Disconducivetoscientificadvancement對應(yīng)原文的acceleratescience。因此選D。WhatistheattitudeofmostresearcherstowardsmakingtheirowndataOpposed.B)Ambiguous.C)Liberal.D)【解析】本題定位至原文第一段的最后：但是大部分研究人員仍不愿意將自己的勞動(dòng)成果放在網(wǎng)上。此外，第二段的第二句說到，科學(xué)家曾經(jīng)給出許多共享的原因……。這充分說明大部分研究人員公開他們的數(shù)據(jù)。因此選A。Accordingtothepassage,whatmighthinderopendataThefearofmassiveThelackofaresearchThebeliefthatresearchdataisprivateinlectualTheconcernthatcertainagenciesmaymakeaprofitoutof【解析】本題定位至原文的第三段。其中原文中的“將數(shù)據(jù)視為私人所有的研究文化”也就是“認(rèn)為研究數(shù)據(jù)是privateinlectualproperty的觀點(diǎn)”，因此選C。WhathelpsliftsomeofthebarrierstoopendataTheever-growingdemandforbigTheadvancementofdigitalThechangingattitudeofjournalsandThetrendofsocialandeconomic【解析】由題中的barriers可定位至原文的第三段。該段，正在，部分原因是全世界的和資助機(jī)構(gòu)正在鼓勵(lì)科學(xué)家們將數(shù)據(jù)公開?！Y助機(jī)構(gòu)表明使用公共贊助的數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)該成為公共信息。這表明和資助方的態(tài)度已經(jīng)開始接受共享數(shù)據(jù)的觀念，其態(tài)度發(fā)生了改變，因此選C。Dryadservesasanexampletoshowhowopendatasharing ingincreasinglybenefitssharersandusersmakesresearcherssavesbothmoneyand【解析】由題中的Dryad可定位至倒數(shù)第二段。原文意思是使用者對公開的數(shù)據(jù)有疑問的，還可對這些數(shù)據(jù)提出問題，這樣可以使者進(jìn)一步完善數(shù)據(jù)。這說明，公開數(shù)據(jù)無論對于數(shù)據(jù)的者還是使用者，他們都能從中受益。因此選B。PassageQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingMacy’sreporteditssalesplunged5.2%inNovemberandDecemberatstoresopenmorethanayear,adisappointingholidayseasonperformancethatcappedadifficultyearforadepartmentstorechainfacingwide-rangingchallenges.ItsflagshipstoresinmajorU.S.citiesdependheavilyoninternationaltouristspending,whichshrankatmanyretailersduetoastrongdollar.Meanwhile,Macy’shassimplystruggledtolureconsumerswhoaremoreinterestedinspendingontravelordiningoutthanonnewclothesoraccessories. blamedmuchofthepoorperformanceinNovemberandDecemberonunseasonablywarmweather.“About80%ofour ’syear-over-yeardeclinesincomparablesalescanbeattributedtoshortfalls(短缺)incold-weathergoods,”saidchiefexecutiveTenyLundgreninapressrelease.Thispromptedthe tocutitsforecastsforthefullquarter.owever,it’sclearthatMacy’sbelievesitstroublesrundeeperthanatemporaryaberration(偏離)offthethermometer.Theretailgiantsaidthepoorfinancialperformancethisyearhaspushedittobeginimplementing$400millionincost-cuttingmeasures.The pledgedtocut600back-officepositions,thoughsome150workersinthoseroleswouldbereassignedtootherjobs.Italsonstooffer“voluntaryseparation”packagesto165seniorexecutives.Itwillslashstaffingatitsfleetof770stores,amoveaffectingsome3,000employees.Theretaileralsoannouncedthelocationsof36storesitwillcloseinearly2016.The hadpreviouslyannouncedthennedclosures,buthadnotsaidwhichlocationswouldbeaffected.Noneofthechain’sstoresintheWashingtonmetropolitanareaaretobeclosed.Macy’shasbeenmovingaggressivelytotrytoremakeitselfforaneweraofshop.IthasnstoopenmorelocationsofMacy’sBackstage,anewly-developedoff-priceconceptwhichmighthelpitbettercompetewithambitiousT.J.Maxx.It’salsopushingaheadin2016withanexpansionofBluemercury,thebeautychainitboughtlastyear.Atatimewhenyoungbeautyshoppersareoftenturning