牛津高中英語模塊一Grammar定語從句課件

GrammarandusageHarryPotteraboywithglassesaboywhoisbraveandwearingglassesabraveboyAttributive定語(用來修飾名詞的成分)Whoareyou?Whoareyou?Whoareyou?Whoareyou?Iamanastronaut.

Anastronautisaperson.Heworksandtravelsinspace.Anastronautisaperson.Heworksandtravelsinspace.whoHowdidyoucomehere?Howdidyoucomehere?Howdidyoucomehere?Howdidyoucomehere?Iwassentintotheskybyaspacecraft.Aspacecraftisavehicle(運(yùn)載工具).

Itcantravelinspace.Aspacecraftisavehicle__________cantravelinspace.that/whichWhendidyoucomehere?Whendidyoucomehere?Whendidyoucomehere?Whendidyoucomehere?IcamehereonSept.

25,2008.Itwasthatday______Iwassentintothesky.whenIwassentintotheskyonSept.25,2008.Wheredoyouworkandlive?Wheredoyouworkandlive?Wheredoyouworkandlive?Wheredoyouworkandlive?spacecapsuleIworkandlive

inaspacecapsule.Spacecapsuleisaplace______anastronautworksandlives.whereItisaspacecapsule.IntroductionAnattributiveclausemodifiesanouninthesamewaythatanadjectiveorprepositionalphrasedoes.Thenounitmodifiesiscalledanantecedent.RelativesTheattributiveclausesareusuallyintroducedby

relativespronouns:

which,that,who,whom，as

,whoserelative

adverbs:

where,why,when.Intheattributiveclausestherelativewordsusuallyfunctionasthe:subject,object,predicative,attribute,adverbialFunctionsAssubject

TheboyisTom.Theboyissmiling.Theboywho

issmilingisTom.

Thewomangotthejob.ThewomancanspeakRussian.Thewoman

who

canspeakRussiangotthejob.AsobjectThemaniskind.Everyonelikeshim.Theman(who)

everyonelikesiskind.Thewomangotthejob.Wesawherinthestreet.Thewoman(whom)

wesawinthestreetgotthejob.AspredicativeJackusedtobealazyboy.Heisnolongeralazyboy.Jackisnolongerthelazyboythatheusedtobe.Asattribute

Shehasabrother.Ican’trememberhisname.ShehasabrotherwhosenameIcan’tremember.AsadverbialTheschoolisinShenzhen.Hestudiedintheschool.TheschoolwherehestudiedisinShenzhen.指代內(nèi)容所做成分是否可省略thatwhichwhowhomwhoseas人，物主,賓，表不可省where地點(diǎn)狀語不可省when時(shí)間狀語不可省why原因狀語不可省關(guān)系代詞及關(guān)系副詞的用法人；物

物人人(人/物)的主,賓，表主語,賓主語,賓語賓語定語作賓語可省作賓語可省作賓語可省可省不可省PracticeTheman_________standsthereisTom.Thegirl____________ImetisMsLi.Theboy________watchwaslostisTom.Thebook_________liesonthedeskishis.Thepen___________youboughtisgood.Themagazine________coverisredisnice.who/that(whom/that)whosewhich/that(which/that)whose7.Istillremembertheday______mybrotherjointhearmy.when8.Thisisthefactory______heworkedlastyearwhere9.Thereason_______hedidn'tattendthemeetingwasthathewasill.

why10.______weallknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.AsPleasereadthepassageonpage11andcomplete

ExerciseA&ExerciseB.

practice2.PleasecompleteExerciseC1&ExerciseC2onpage88.I.that和which以下情況，引導(dǎo)詞用that，不用which。1.先行詞為不定代詞all,few,little,much,none,theone,everything，something,nothing,anything2.由any,no,few,little，much，all,only,thevery,oneof等修飾時(shí)，常用關(guān)系代詞that來引導(dǎo)定語從句。如：Theygotothenewspaper’sownlibrarytolookupanyinformation

thattheyneed.他們到報(bào)社的圖書館去查找他們所需要的資料。Thisistheverybook

thatIhavebeenlookingfor.這正是我在尋找的書。Theonlythingthatmattersistofindourwayhome.惟一要緊的事是找到回家的路。注意：當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)，偶爾也可用關(guān)系代詞who。如：Iwastheonlypersoninmyofficewho

wasinvited.

我是我們辦公室唯一被邀請(qǐng)的人。3.

先行詞前有形容詞最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)，用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)定語從句。如：Thefirstthing

thatweshoulddoistoworkoutaplan.我們應(yīng)該做的第一件事是訂個(gè)計(jì)劃。Newtonwasoneofthegreatestmen

thateverlived.牛頓是世界上最偉大的人物之一。4.

先行詞同時(shí)指人和物時(shí)，用that。如：Wetalkedaboutthethingsandpersons

thatwesawthen.

我們談?wù)摿宋覀儺?dāng)時(shí)所見的人和事物。Lookatthemanandhisdonkey

that

arewalkingupthestreet.瞧瞧那個(gè)沿街走過來的男人和他的驢子。5.

當(dāng)先行詞前面有who,which等疑問代詞時(shí)用that。如：Whichisthedictionarythatyouwant?哪本是你要的字典？

Whoisthemanthatisstandingbythedoor?站在門旁邊的那個(gè)男人是誰？6.被修飾詞為數(shù)詞時(shí).YesterdayIcaughttwofishandputtheminabasinofwater.Nowyoucanseethetwo

thatarestillalive.7.如果有兩個(gè)從句,其中一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞已用which,另一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞宜用that,以避免語言的單調(diào)或重復(fù)。Edisonbuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.8.主句是Therebe結(jié)構(gòu),修飾其主句的定語從句宜用that作關(guān)系代詞.

Thereisstillaseatinthecornerthatisstillfree.

9.被修飾成分為表語時(shí),或者關(guān)系代詞本身是定語從句的表語時(shí),該關(guān)系代詞宜用that.That's

agoodbook

thatwillhelpyoualot.以下情況，引導(dǎo)詞用which，不用that。在一個(gè)句子中有兩個(gè)定語從句,其中一個(gè)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞用了that,另一個(gè)宜用which.AtthestationIboughtsomemagazinesthatmighthelpmetopassthetimeonthetrainandwhichIcouldpassontootherswhenIfinishedthem.2.當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞后面帶有插入語時(shí).

Here'stheEnglishgrammarwhich,asIhavetoldyou,willhelpimproveyourEnglish.3.先行詞本身是that,宜用which.What'sthat

whichsheislookingat?4.先行詞是those+復(fù)數(shù)名詞.Ashopshouldkeepastockofthosegoods

whichsellbest.

5.當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞的前面有介詞時(shí).

Isthistheroomin

whichMr.Whitelives?

6.在非限制性定語從句中.MoreandmorepeoplearebeginningtolearnEnglish,whichisbecomingverypopularinourcountry.以下情況下，關(guān)系代詞指代人多用或必須用who：1.先行詞為all,anyone,anybody,one,ones,those,people,they,he時(shí),多用who:All/Thosewhoheardthenewswereexcited.2.在Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中,修飾主語的定語從句宜用關(guān)系代詞who指代人:Thereisagentlemanwhowantstoseeyou.

3.當(dāng)先行詞有較長的后置定語時(shí):

ImetaforeignerintheparkyesterdayafternoonwhocouldspeakChineseverywell.

4.一個(gè)句子中帶有兩個(gè)定語從句,其中一個(gè)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞是that,另一個(gè)則宜用who,

以免重復(fù).

Thestudentthatwaspraisedatyesterday'smeetingisthemonitorwhoisverymodestandworksveryhard.

5.在非限制性定語從句中，必須用who:Tom’sfather,whoisoversixty,stillworkshard6.在被分隔的定語從句中，必須用who:AnewteacherwillcometomorrowwhowillteachyouGerman.as的用法:

引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句,多用于thesame…as;thesameas;such…as…;asmany/muchas

;so…as等構(gòu)中。如:Ihavethesamebookasyou(have).

2.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,多單獨(dú)引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語從句,這種定語從句可置于句首,句中或句尾,譯為"正如,這一點(diǎn)"。(動(dòng)詞常為know,see,expect,pointout,etc.)Asweallknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.

as&which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別:

1.

位置的不同:

which

引導(dǎo)的定語從句只置于所限制的句子后;as位置較靈活,也就是說as可置于所限制的句子前面;插在句子中或放在句子后。

Jack,asyouknow,isanhonestman.

2.先行詞的不同:

as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí),其先行詞多為一個(gè)句子;which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí),其先行詞可以是一個(gè)詞,一個(gè)短語或一個(gè)句子。

Heisanhonestman,asisknowntoall.

試比較：

1.Iliveinthesamehousethatheusedtolivein.

（我住的房子跟他的房子是同一所房子，用

thesame…that…)

2.

I'mwearingthesameshirtasyouworeyesterday.

(我穿的衣服與你穿的款式相同，但不是同一件用thesame…as…）Hereissobigastoneasnoonecanlift.

(定語從句)2.Hereissobigastonethatnoonecanliftit.(結(jié)果狀語從句)

1.Suchboys____youmentionedarewell.2.Itissodifficultaproblem___noone

canworkout.3.Itissodifficultaproblem_____noonecanworkitout.4.Sheworethesamehat____youworeyesterday.Practicethatasas5.Youhavemadethesamemistake_____youmadelasttime..6.Ihadthesameexperience____youhavenow.

7.Shewenttothesameplace______shesawthekey.

8.Those____arepresentarewell.

9.Isthisfactory_______hevisited?thatthatwherewhotheone11.Isthisthefactory___________hevisited?12.Heisoneoftheboyswho______presentatthemeetingnow.13.Heistheonlyoneofthemwho______presentatthemeetingnow.14.Heistheoneof