介詞20年高考英語語法突破真題精講+課件

高考語法突破第4講介詞高考語法突破第4講介詞1？？？inoverbesidewith

？？？？？？？1.什么介詞？2.介詞的分類2.介詞的分類？besides

Preposition前置詞虛詞150+本質(zhì)：后接名詞或代詞，表示對象之間的關(guān)系最活躍的詞類之一，使用頻率相當(dāng)高。難度最高：一詞多用(with)一個相近的意思可以用不同的介詞表示(in/overthepastfewyears.)

固定搭配（動詞搭配makeupafterthefight）和好atthecinema,inthehospitalwritewithapen,gobybusinsummer,onSeptemberlaughforjoy,beangryathiswordsbytheway,atlast,intheend方位介詞方式介詞時間介詞原因介詞固定搭配？？？inoverbesidewith？？？？？？？1.地點(diǎn)介詞在下列情況下，between可用于三者：兩個以上的人或物用and連接：betweenA，BandC

涉及人或事之間的區(qū)別以及人或事之間的關(guān)系時thedifferencebetweenthethreeofthem他們?nèi)咧g的區(qū)別地點(diǎn)介詞在下列情況下，between可用于三者：towards/totowards/to4over、above均可表示在數(shù)量上“多于”。over

=morethan；強(qiáng)調(diào)“控制、掌握、權(quán)威、優(yōu)越”above表示與“最低限度”或“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”有關(guān)的事情；也可表示“級別、地位、重要性等高于……”

年過半百overfifty零上12°twodegreesabovezero

Healwaysputshisstudentsaboveeverything.Hehadlittlecontrolovereverything.She’sbeenherefor

twohours.Agreatpersonisalwaysputtingothers’interest

hisown.Heis

averageintelligence.overaboveaboveover、above均可表示在數(shù)量上“多于”。over5between

VS

among1.Somestudentsoftenlistentomusic

classestorefreshthemselves.2.FourChinesemodelswere

the14peopleawardedprizesonFridayattheWorldSupermodelCompetition.3.Therelations

variouscountriesarecomplicated.amongamongbetweenbetweenVSamong1.Some6across

VSthroughThesunlightcamein

thewindowsintheroofandlitupthewholeroom.Itisdifficulttowalk

thedesertwithin3days.Waterwillbepumped

apipe.throughacrossthroughacrossVSthroughThe7atVSinHearrived

Tianjingyesterday.Theyarrived

asmallvillagebeforedark.Theyarrived

Beijngat12:00andwaitedforabus

thestation.inatinat+小地方（村莊、小城鎮(zhèn)）atthevillage，athome，atthecornerofthestreetin+大地方（國家、城市）或某個范圍之內(nèi)inShanghai，inthecountry，inAsia，intheworldatatVSinHearrived8on

in

toinonto境內(nèi)境外接壤境外分離onin9GuangdongNorthKoreanJapantheeastofChina.isinontoShanghailies

theeastofChinaand

thenortheastofGuangdong.Hubeiis

thenorthofHunan.Fujianis

eastofChina.Chinalies

theeastofAsiaand

thenorthofAustralia.intooninintoGuangdongtheeastofChina.isi10onVSinonthetree(樹上自身具有的花、果、葉等)inthetree（外加在樹上的事物）onthewall(墻表面的事物)inthewall（鑲嵌在墻內(nèi)部的事物）onVSinonthetr11時間介詞時間介詞12at用在時刻前,亦與正午、午夜連,

黎明、終止和開端,at與之緊相伴。周、月、季、年、長時間,in須放在其前面,

泛指一晌和傍晚,也要放在in后面。on指特定某一天,日期、星期、節(jié)日前,

某天上、下午和夜晚,依然要在on后面。今明昨天前后天,上下這那每之前,

at,in,on都不填,此乃習(xí)慣記心間。注:"上下這那每之前"是指last/next/this/that/every之前。at用在時刻前,亦與正午、午夜連,

黎明、終止和開端,at與13[2018湖北咸寧高三重點(diǎn)高中聯(lián)考,70]OneofChina’stwo"GoldenWeeks",thisyear’sNationalDayholidayhasbeenextendedbyonedayastheMid-AutumnFestivalfalls

Oct.4.on[2018湖北咸寧高三重點(diǎn)高中聯(lián)考,70]OneofCh14表將來in+時間段

after+時間點(diǎn)after+時間段可用于過去時after

VSin

VS

later在……之后時間+later表將來in+時間段after+時間段可用于過去時15Hewillbeback___twohours.Hewillbebacktwohours_____.Hewillbeback_____twoo’clock.Hecameback_____twohours.Heisinahurrybecausethetraintotheairportleaves

halfanhour.inafter

laterafterinHewillbeback___twohours.i16by

VSbefore

VS

agoVS

till/until在……之前byVSbeforeVS17Hecalledthetwoyoungmentohim

dawn,whenothersweresoundasleep.Ididn’tgotobed

12o’clock.Pleasecome

teno’clock.Wehadlearnedover1,000words

theendoflastterm.Wewillhavelearned2,000Englishwords

theendofthisterm.beforeuntilbeforebybyHecalledthetwoyoungmento18fromVSsince從……開始（以來）YoucancomeanytimefromMondaytoFriday.周一至周五你什么時間來都行。②Wehaveknowneachothersincetenyearsago.我們十年前就認(rèn)識了。fromVSsince從……開始（以來19forVSduringVSover在……期間for表示"長達(dá)……(時間)",后接時間段during表示“在……期間”over表示“在……期間”，后接sth.，例：overacupofteaShehasbeenwritingforseveralhours.IstayedinFrancefortwoweeksduringthesummer.Theyhaveapleasantchatoverdinner.forVSduringV20方式介詞by指"靠……手段,用……方法",后接名詞、代詞或動名詞。表示交通方式："by+交通工具"表示交通方式。with"使用(某種工具、物品或材料)"。后接的可數(shù)名詞前必須用冠詞或物主代詞。in表示使用某種語言或使用某種材料、顏色等，所接名詞前不加冠詞on通過,使用,借助于。Hemakesalivingbysellingnewspapers.他靠賣報紙謀生。Wepicktheteabyhand.byship=byseabyplane=byairby

hand=withherhandPleasewriteitinink，notinpencil.請用鋼筆寫而不是用鉛筆寫。=Pleasewriteitwithanink，notwithapencil.Theytalkedonthetelephone.他們通過電話進(jìn)行交談。ShelearnsEnglishontheradio/onTV.她通過收音機(jī)/電視學(xué)英語。方式介詞by指"靠……手段,用……方法",后接名詞、代詞或21by/in/with/on用法歸納write____apen/cut____aknifesee____oureyes____English/____yourownwords____alowvoice____thisway____bike/bus/train/road/air/sea/land____thismeans____theradio/thephone/TV____thebike/bus/train/ship

withwith

inininbybyononwithinwith+工具/人體部位in+語言/聲音/方法wayby+交通工具/方法meanson+媒介/the+交通工具by/in/with/on用法歸納withwithi22原因介詞for常與表示聞名、獎罰、害怕等意義的形容詞或動詞連用,如famous,known,praise,punish等at常與表示“喜、怒、哀、樂”等的形容詞或過去分詞(如happy,pleased,angry,delighted等)連用,表示產(chǎn)生這種情感的原因。with強(qiáng)調(diào)隨著心理或外界條件變化而產(chǎn)生的變化from/of常與die連用,用of時通常指死于疾病、饑餓、衰老等,而用from則常指由于外部原因而死,如交通事故、地震等Xi’anisfamousforitslonghistory.西安因歷史悠久而著名。Hewassurprisedatthenews.聽到這個消息他大吃一驚。Heshoutedloudlywithanger.他氣得大喊大叫。Withthedevelopmentoftechnology,ourlifebecomemoreandmoreeasy.隨著科技的不斷發(fā)展，我們的生活變得越來越輕松。Hediedfromthetrafficaccident.他死于車禍。Hediedofcancer.他死于癌癥。原因介詞for常與表示聞名、獎罰、害怕等意義的形容詞或動詞連23表示"關(guān)于"的介詞:of,about,onof表示"關(guān)于"人或事物的存在Hespokeofthefilmtheotherday.about表示"關(guān)于"某人或某事物的較詳細(xì)的情況Ihappenedtoknowabouthim.on表示"關(guān)于"學(xué)術(shù)性的或嚴(yán)肅的、供專門研究用的It'satextbookonthehistoryofChina.Nick,thereisalecture

Thaiculturethisafternoon.Wouldyouliketocomewithme?on表示"關(guān)于"的介詞:of,about,onof表示"關(guān)于24(福建高考)Apartfromgoodservice，therestaurantoffersdifferentkindsoftraditionalFujiandishes.除了優(yōu)質(zhì)的服務(wù)外，這個飯店還提供各種各樣的傳統(tǒng)福建菜。(福建高考)Apartfromgoodservice，25Weneedfifteenmorepeople________ourteamtodothejob._________adeskortwo,theclassroomwasempty.Sheseldomtalkedofanything______painting.______hiswife,hisdaughteralsowentswimming.Weallattendedthemeeting______XiaoLi.Thereisnoonehere______MaryandTom.Who_____afoolwoulddosuchathing?Iwanttoseeamovie

goswimming.besidesExceptforbutBesidesexceptbutbut易錯警示besides

also，another，more，other，else，tooexcept

句末exceptfor句首或句末but常用于nobody，none/who，noone，nothing，anything，everyone，all之后。接不定式時，如果前有實(shí)義動詞do，則不定式中的to省略。butbesidesExceptforbutBesidesexc26介詞20年高考英語語法突破真題精講+課件27介詞20年高考英語語法突破真題精講+課件28?？冀樵~短語1.介詞與名詞的常用搭配(1)at+n.表示狀態(tài)ataloss不知所措atbreakfast早餐時atpeace處于和平中atrest靜止,不動atsea在海上atwar在戰(zhàn)爭中atwork在工作(2)at+n.表示時間atChristmas在圣誕節(jié)atdusk在黃昏atdawn在黎明atdaybreak在拂曉atmidnight在午夜atnight在夜里常考介詞短語29atnoon在正午atpresent目前atsunrise日出時(3)以at開頭的短語atthesametime同時atthebeginningof在……的開始atthecostof以……為代價attheendof在……的盡頭atthefootof在……腳下atthemercyof在……支配下;任由……擺布atthepriceof以……的價格attheriskof冒……的危險atnoon在正午atpresent目前30atthesightof一看到……就……(4)on+n.表示狀態(tài)onatrip/journey/tour在旅行ondisplay陳列onduty/guard在值班/警戒中onexhibition在展出onfire著火

onholiday/vacation在度假online在工作(或運(yùn)行)onsale出售,打折onshow在展出onthedecrease在減少onthego在忙碌中ontheincrease在增加onthemarch在行進(jìn)中ontheway在途中ontrial在受審(5)以on開頭的介詞短語atthesightof一看到……就……31onaccountof因為onbehalfof代表onconditionthat在……的條件下,如果onnoaccount/condition/occasion決不onthebasisof以……為基礎(chǔ)ontheoccasionof在……時(6)by+n.表示方式byaccident偶然byair/plane乘飛機(jī)bychance偶然bycoincidence碰巧byforce用暴力byhand用手工bymistake錯誤地bytheday按天算bynature天生地byradio通過無線電onaccountof因為onbehalfo32byweight/volume/size/number按重量/體積/大小/數(shù)量(7)in+n.表示方式incash用現(xiàn)金付款inwidth在寬度上indepth在深度上indetail詳細(xì)地inEnglish用英語inheight在海拔上inlength在長度上inink用墨水inshape在外形上insize在大小上(8)in+n.表示狀態(tài)inanger生氣地inbattle在戰(zhàn)斗中inbed在床上incomfort舒適地indanger處于危險中indebt負(fù)債byweight/volume/size/number按重33indelight高興地indespair絕望地indifficulty處于困難中indoubt不確定,拿不準(zhǔn)infear在恐懼中inhighspirits情緒高昂地inneed在困境中inorder就緒inpeace平靜地,平安地inpractice在實(shí)踐中inprint已出版inprison在獄中inpublic公開地inrags穿著破爛inruins成為廢墟insecret秘密地insilence沉默著inspace在太空中insurprise驚奇地introuble在困難中inuse在使用中inview看得見indelight高興地indespair絕望地34inwonder驚奇地(9)以in開頭的介詞短語inthefaceof面對inadditionto除……以外(還)incaseof萬一;如果;假如incelebrationof為慶?！璱nchargeof掌管……inconsequenceof由于……incontrastto與……相比incontrolof管理;控制;操縱inexchangefor作為對……的交換infavorof支持,贊成infearof害怕inwonder驚奇地35infrontof在……前面(外部的)inhonourof為向……表示敬意inmemoryof為了紀(jì)念……inneedof需要innotime立刻inplaceof代替inpossessionof擁有,占有inpraiseof表揚(yáng)inpreparationfor為……做準(zhǔn)備inrespectof關(guān)于inresponseto作為對……的回應(yīng)inreturn作為回報inspiteof盡管insupportof為支持……inthechargeof在……的管理下inthedirectionof在……方向infrontof在……前面(外部的)36inthefrontof在……前面(內(nèi)部的)inthehabitof有……習(xí)慣inthehopeof抱著……的希望inthemiddleof在……中間(10)of+n.表示特征(等于相應(yīng)的形容詞)ofbenefit有益處的ofhelp有幫助的ofimportance重要的ofinterest有趣的ofsignificance有意義的ofuse有用的ofvalue有價值的(11)outof+n.表示狀態(tài)outofbalance失去平衡outofbreath上氣不接下氣inthefrontof在……前面(內(nèi)部的)37outofbusiness停業(yè),歇業(yè)outofcontrol不受控制outofdanger脫離危險outofdate過期outofdebt不欠債outoffashion不流行outofluck不走運(yùn)outofmind發(fā)狂outofoffice在野outoforder出故障outofpatience不耐煩outofseason過季outofshape走樣,不成形outofsight看不到outofthequestion不可能outofquestion毫無疑問outoftrouble擺脫困難outofwork失業(yè)(12)under+n.表示被動underattack遭到襲擊outofbusiness停業(yè),歇業(yè)outofc38underconsideration在考慮中underconstruction在建造中undercontrol處于控制之中underdiscussion在討論中underpressure在壓力下underrepair在修理中undertreatment在治療中underway在進(jìn)行中(13)以under開頭的短語underthecareof...接受……的治療underthedirectionof...在……的指導(dǎo)下underconsideration在考慮中39undertheinfluenceof...在……的影響下undertheprotectionof...在……的庇護(hù)下(14)with+n.表示方式withanger生氣地withconfidence有信心地withcourage英勇地withdelight/joy高興地withdifficulty困難地withease輕而易舉地withfear害怕地withinterest有興趣地withpleasure樂意地withpride驕傲地withsatisfaction滿意地withsuccess成功地withkindness親切地(15)beyond+n.表示“超出……,難以……”undertheinfluenceof...在……的影40beyondcompare無與倫比beyondcomprehension難以理解beyondcontrol失控beyonddescription難以描述beyonddoubt不用懷疑,確實(shí)beyondexpression難以表達(dá)beyondmeasure非常;極其beyondquestion無可爭辯;毋庸置疑beyondreach夠不到beyondwords難以表達(dá)beyondoneswildestdreamsbeyondcompare無與倫比41做夢都沒想到,遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)出乎所料2.形容詞與介詞的常用搭配(1)adj.+aboutbeanxiousabout憂慮……becarefulabout小心……beconcernedabout擔(dān)心……becuriousabout對……好奇beexcitedabout對……感到興奮beparticularabout對……講究/挑剔beseriousabout對……認(rèn)真besorryabout對……感到抱歉做夢都沒想到,遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)出乎所料42besureabout對……有把握beupsetabout對……感到失望beworriedabout對……擔(dān)心(2)adj.+atbeangryat對……感到惱怒beastonishedat對……吃驚bebadat不擅長bedelightedat因……而高興bedisappointedat對……失望begoodat擅長beskilledat在……方面很熟練besureabout對……有把握43besurprisedat對……吃驚(3)adj.+inbeabsorbedin專注于beconfidentin對……有信心bediligentin勤于beengagedin忙于……beexcellentin在……方面優(yōu)秀beexperiencedin在……方面有經(jīng)驗beexpertin擅長beinterestedin對……感興趣beinvolvedin包括在……中,被卷入besurprisedat對……吃驚44belackingin缺乏beoccupiedin忙于……berichin富有……beslowin遲遲不……besuccessfulin在……成功beweakin不擅長(4)adj.+forbeanxiousfor急切盼望,渴望beeagerfor渴望befamousfor以……著名befitfor適合,勝任belackingin缺乏45begoodfor對……有益behungryfor渴望belatefor遲到bepreparedfor為……做好準(zhǔn)備bereadyfor準(zhǔn)備好……besorryfor對……感到抱歉bethankfulfor因……而感激beunfitfor不適合,不勝任(5)adj.+frombeabsentfrom缺席bedifferentfrom不同于begoodfor對……有益46befarfrom遠(yuǎn)離befreefrom不受……影響besafefrom免受……的傷害(6)adj.+tobeblindto對……視而不見becloseto接近becontraryto與……相反bedeafto對……充耳不聞bedevotedto致力于……beequalto等于……befairto對……公平befarfrom遠(yuǎn)離47befamiliarto對……來說熟悉befriendlyto對……友好begoodto對……好begratefulto對……心存感激beharmfulto對……有危害beimportantto對……重要bekindto對……友好beknown