lessonmarineboilers船用鍋爐教案學(xué)習(xí)課件

會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)1lessonmarineboilers船用鍋爐會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)1lessonmarineboilers船用鍋爐Orfordrivingauxiliarymachinerysuchasthewindlass.

或者用來驅(qū)動(dòng)輔助機(jī)械，比如錨機(jī)第1頁/共22頁第1頁/共22頁Therearetwobasictypesofboilerinuseonboardships:船用鍋爐有兩種基本類型：thefiretubeboiler(theterms“smoketube”

and“donkeyboiler”

arealsoinuse),火管鍋爐(也使用煙管鍋爐和輔鍋爐這兩個(gè)術(shù)語)第2頁/共22頁Therearetwobasictypesofbandthewatertubeboiler,bothareillustratedinFig.9-1.和水管鍋爐。分別如圖9-1所示。第3頁/共22頁andthewatertubeboiler,bot2.Nowifyoulookatthediagramofthefire-tubeboileryouwillseethatitconsistsofacylindricalsteelshell,whichcontainsafurnaceatthebottom.現(xiàn)在來看看火管鍋爐的簡圖，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)它由一個(gè)圓筒形的鋼質(zhì)外殼構(gòu)成,底部有爐膛。第4頁/共22頁2.Nowifyoulookatthediag

Twoormorefurnacesmaybefitted,depending

onthesizeoftheboiler.Thefurnaceisconnectedtoacombustionchamber,situatedinthemiddlepartoftheboiler.根據(jù)鍋爐尺寸的大小，可以安裝兩個(gè)以上的爐膛。爐膛和位于鍋爐中間位置的燃燒室相連通。第5頁/共22頁TwoormorefurnacesmaybeLeadingfromthiscombustionchambertoasmokeboxarealargenumberofhorizontaltubes.燃燒室和煙箱之間有許多水平管道(煙管)第6頁/共22頁Leadingfromthiscombustion

someoftheseareusedforsupportingthemiddlesectionoftheboilerandthecombustionchamber.Connectedtothesmokeboxaretheuptakesforthewastegases.Thefurnace,thecombustionchamberandthetubesareallsurroundedbywater.一部分煙管用來支撐鍋爐中部和燃燒室。與煙箱相連的是廢氣的上升通道。爐膛，燃燒室和(煙)管都被水環(huán)繞著第7頁/共22頁someoftheseareusedfor3.Thefire-tubeboilerisusuallyofbothrivetedandweldedconstruction.Itisstrongandiscapableofoperatingwithpoorqualityfeedwater.火管鍋爐通常是鉚接和焊接結(jié)構(gòu)。其結(jié)構(gòu)堅(jiān)固，并能使用劣質(zhì)給水工作。第8頁/共22頁3.Thefire-tubeboilerisusuButtherearemoreefficienttypesofboiler,whichcangeneratemorepower;thereforefire-tubeboilersarenowmainlychosenforlow-pressuresteamproductiononvesselsrequiringsteamforauxiliarypurposes但是，有些類型的鍋爐效率更高，能產(chǎn)生更多的蒸汽；因此，火管鍋爐現(xiàn)在主要被用來提供低壓蒸汽給需要的輔助場(chǎng)合(目的)的船舶。第9頁/共22頁Buttherearemoreefficientt4.Water-tubeboilerhavereplacedfire-tubeboilersforgeneratinghigh-pressure,high-temperature,high-capacitysteamformainenginesorcargopumpturbines.水管鍋爐已經(jīng)代替了火管鍋爐來產(chǎn)生高壓、高溫、大量的蒸汽，以驅(qū)動(dòng)主機(jī)或者貨油泵的透平。第10頁/共22頁4.Water-tubeboilerhaverepl第11頁/共22頁第11頁/共22頁Fromthediagramyouwillseethattheyhaveasteamdrumatthetop,whichispartlyfilledwithwater,andwaterdrumsatalowerlevel.Thesedrumsareconnectedbybanksoftubes,whichalsocontainwater.從圖上可以看到，水管鍋爐頂部有一個(gè)汽鼓，部分有水，且下部有多個(gè)水鼓。這些汽鼓和水鼓通過管束相連，管內(nèi)也有水。第12頁/共22頁FromthediagramyouwillseeThefurnaceislocatedatthebottomandthewholesystemiscontainedinafireproofcasing.Downcomertubesareplacedoutsidethegassystemtoactasfeederstothewaterdrums.爐膛位于底部，整個(gè)系統(tǒng)由防火外殼包圍。下降管安裝在燃?xì)庀到y(tǒng)之外，用作水鼓的給水管。第13頁/共22頁Thefurnaceislocatedatthe5.Gasesareheatedinthefurnaceandpassupwardsthroughthebanksoftubes,transferringtheirheattothewaterinthetubes.becausethesteamdrumprovidesareservoirofrelativelycoolwater,convectioncurrentsaresetupcausingthewatertocirculateroundthesystem.在爐膛內(nèi)被加熱的燃?xì)庀蛏贤ㄟ^管束，把熱量傳遞給管內(nèi)的水。因汽鼓內(nèi)儲(chǔ)存的水溫度相對(duì)較低，系統(tǒng)內(nèi)就形成了對(duì)流，使水得以循環(huán)第14頁/共22頁5.GasesareheatedinthefurThebanksoftubes(generatingtubes)offeralargesurfaceareatotheradiantheatofthefurnacegases.Thismakesthemveryefficient.Super-heatersareaddedtothesystemtoincreaseitsefficiency.Thesearelocatedbetweentherowsoftubes.管束(蒸發(fā)管)提供了一個(gè)很大的爐膛輻射受熱面，這使其效率很高。過熱器被安裝在系統(tǒng)中，以增加其效率，(過熱器)安裝在管束中間。第15頁/共22頁Thebanksoftubes(generating6.Variousvalvesandgaugesarefittedtotheboilers.Thoseattacheddirectlytothepressurepartsoftheboilerareknownasboilermountings.Themountingsusuallyfoundonaboilerare:safetyvalves,whichareneededtoprotecttheboileragainstoverpressure;amainstopvalveinordertocontrolthepassageofsteamtotheengines;鍋爐上裝有各種不同的閥和儀表.直接和鍋爐的壓力部分相連的稱為鍋爐附件。通常鍋爐上的附件有：安全閥，用來保護(hù)鍋爐壓力過高。主停汽閥，用來控制通向發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的通道。第16頁/共22頁6.Variousvalvesandgaugesafeedcheckvalvestocontrolthefinalentryofwaterintotheboiler;waterlevelindicatorstoshowthelevelofwaterintheboiler;ablow-downvalveenableswatertobeblowndownoremptiedfromtheboiler給水止回閥，用來控制鍋爐進(jìn)水量。水位計(jì)，用來顯示鍋爐水位。下排污閥，用來下排污或放空爐水。第17頁/共22頁feedcheckvalvestocontroltascumvalveenablestheblowingdownorremovalofscumandimpurities

fromthewatersurfaceandthermometersforshowingthetemperatureinsidetheboiler.上排污閥，用來排出或除去鍋爐水面上的浮渣和雜質(zhì)。溫度計(jì)，用來顯示鍋爐內(nèi)部的溫度。第18頁/共22頁ascumvalveenablestheblowiInordertobeabletoblowawaysootandtheproductsofcombustionfromthetubesurfaces,sootblowersarefittedwhichareoperatedbysteamorcompressedair.為了吹除管壁上的煙灰和燃燒產(chǎn)物，安裝了用蒸汽或壓縮空氣工作的吹灰器。第19頁/共22頁InordertobeabletoblowawSalinometervalvesarealsofittedtoallowsa