新教材高中英語UNIT5WORKINGTHELAND泛讀技能初養(yǎng)成學(xué)案新人教版選擇性

UNIT5WORKINGTHELAND閱讀教材P55～56課文，選擇最佳答案。1．Whydidfarmerswelcomeartificialfertilisersatfirst?A．Becausetheycouldnotharmtheland.B．Becausetheycouldincreaseproduction.C．Becausetheywereinwidespreaduse.D．Becausetheybenefitedpeople'shealth.2．Whatcanwelearnaboutcropsgrownwithchemicalfertilisers?A．Theyarerichinnutrition.B．Theyarerichinessentialminerals.C．Theyareverytastyandnutritious.D．Theylookbeautifulontheoutside.3．Howdoorganicfarmerskeeptheirsoilrich?A．Byusingnaturalwaste.B．Byusingchemicals.C．Byusingminerals.D．Byusingfreshwater.[答案]1－3BDAWordsandPhraseseq\a\vs4\al(知識要點(diǎn)1)dealwith處理；對付；安排；對待；與……打交道；涉及(教材P52)Todealwiththiscrisis,hechosetostudyagriculture.為了應(yīng)對這一危機(jī)，他選擇了學(xué)習(xí)農(nóng)業(yè)。[知識拓展]dealwith中的deal為不及物動詞，常與疑問詞how連用，表示“怎么處理/對待”；同義短語為dowith，其中的do為及物動詞，表示“怎么處理/對待”時，與疑問詞what連用。[例1]Intheprocess,thechildrenlearntodealwithdifficulties.在這個過程中，孩子們學(xué)會了應(yīng)對困難。[例2]Hisarticledealswithmanyissueswearegreatlyconcernedabout.他的文章涉及許多我們非常關(guān)心的問題。[例3]Theladyishardtodealwith.這個婦人很難對付。[即學(xué)即練]——完成句子/一句多譯①(諺)以其人之道，還治其人之身。Dealwithamanashedealswithyou.②我不知道他們將如何處理這個問題。Idon'tknowhowtheywilldealwiththeproblem.＝Idon'tknowwhattheywilldowiththeproblem.eq\a\vs4\al(知識要點(diǎn)2)povertyn．貧窮；貧困(教材P54)Itiscelebratedinmorethan150countries,raisingawarenessandknowledgeoftheproblemsandcausesbehindworldhungerandpoverty.它在150多個國家舉行慶祝活動，提高人們對世界饑餓和貧困背后的問題和原因的認(rèn)識和了解。[例1]Thearticleshowsapovertyofimagination.這篇文章顯得缺乏想象力。[例2]Shehasadeepunderstandingofsocialissuessuchasliteracy，povertyandchildcare.她對掃盲、貧窮和兒童保育等社會問題都有深切的認(rèn)識。[知識拓展](1)inpoverty 處于貧窮之中apovertyof 缺乏below/abovethepovertyline 在貧困線之下/之上(2)pooradj. 貧窮的；貧困的[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空/完成句子①Hewasrich,butisnowreducedtopoverty(poor).②Thepoormaninpovertysleepsontheflooratthedoorway.③三分之一的人口生活在貧困線或以下。Athirdofthepopulationislivingatorbelowthepovertyline．eq\a\vs4\al(知識要點(diǎn)3)inturn相應(yīng)地；轉(zhuǎn)而；依次；輪流(教材P55)Thisaffectsthecropsgrownonthelandand,inturn,theanimalsandhumanswhodigestthem.這影響了生長在土地上的作物，進(jìn)而影響消化它們的動物和人類。[例1]Thegirlstookitinturntowipedownthetablesaftermeals.女孩子們飯后輪流擦桌子。[例2]Theoryisbasedonpracticeandinturnservespractice.實(shí)踐是理論的基礎(chǔ)，反過來理論又為實(shí)踐服務(wù)。[知識拓展]inone'sturn 輪到某人；接著byturns 輪流；依次taketurnsdoing/todo... 輪流做……It'sone'sturntodosth. 輪到某人干某事[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空/完成句子①Itismyturntoclean(clean)theclassroomthisweek.②Thegirlscalledouttheirnamesinturn.③Theytookturns(turn)tocareabouttheirparents.④當(dāng)輪到我時，我激動得都說不出話來了。Whenitisinmyturn,Iamtooexcitedtospeak.⑤他們依次回答了老師的問題。Theyansweredtheteacher'squestionsinturn．eq\a\vs4\al(知識要點(diǎn)4)alternativen．可供選擇的事物adj.可供替代的；非傳統(tǒng)的(教材P55)Asanalternative,somefarmershaveswitchedtoorganicfarming,andmanycustomershaveturnedtoorganicfoodwhentheyshopatthelocalgrocery.作為一種選擇，一些農(nóng)民轉(zhuǎn)向有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)，許多顧客在當(dāng)?shù)仉s貨店購物時轉(zhuǎn)向有機(jī)食品。[例1]Wereturnedbythealternativeroad.我們從另一條路回來的。[例2]Thiskindofnewspaperisalternativepress.這種報紙是非傳統(tǒng)性報刊。[知識拓展](1)havenoalternative/choicebuttodosth. 別無選擇只好做某事havethealternativeofdoingsth. 有做……的選擇，可以做……there'snoalternative...buttodosth. ……別無選擇只好做某事analternativeto... ……的替代品(2)alternativelyadv. 可供選擇地[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空/完成句子①Ihadnoalternativebuttoaccept(accept)theoffer.②Ifyoudon'tliketheschoollunch,youhavethealternativeofbringing(bring)yourown.③Wecouldwalkoralternatively(alternative)wecouldgoinTed'scar.④除了當(dāng)俘虜之外，唯一的選擇就是奮戰(zhàn)至死了。Theonlyalternativetobeingtakenprisonerwastodiefighting.[名師點(diǎn)津]“別無選擇只好做……”的其他表達(dá)形式還有：havenochoicebuttodosth.；can'tdosth.butdosth.；candonothingbutdosth.等。在這些結(jié)構(gòu)中若but之前出現(xiàn)實(shí)義動詞do的某種形式，but之后要用省略to的不定式，否則，but之后的to不能省略。eq\a\vs4\al(知識要點(diǎn)5)depthn．向下(或向里)的距離；深(度)(教材P56)Organicfarmersalsoplantdiversecropsthatusedifferentdepthsofsoiltohelpkeepitrich.有機(jī)種植的農(nóng)民也種植不同的農(nóng)作物，利用不同深度的土壤來保持土壤肥沃。[例1]Theoldmandisappearedintothedepthsofthehouse.老人消失在住宅深處。[例2]Ihaveexpressedthedepthofmygratitudetohim.我向他表示了深切的謝意。[知識拓展]indepth 全面；深入；詳細(xì)fromthedepthofthemind 從心底里；真心地atadepthof... 在……的深度inthedepthsof 在正中；在深處[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空/完成句子①Plantthebeansatadepthofaboutsixinches.②Thisisanewsubjectandneedstobeexploredindepth.③Whenhersongotinjuredanddisabledintheaccident,shewasinthedepthsofdespair.④不能期望較年輕的學(xué)生有深刻的理解能力。Youngerstudentscannotbeexpectedtohavegreatdepthofunderstanding．[小片段填空]Shebelongstoherself.Nobodycanmeasurethedepthofherheart,deepassea.她屬于自己，沒有人能測出她心有多深，深似大海。[名師點(diǎn)津]adj.deephighwidelongn.depthheightwidthlengthv．deepenheightenwidenlengthenSentencePatternseq\a\vs4\al(重點(diǎn)句式1)notonly...butalso...句型(教材P55)Forexample,pesticidescandamagethelandbykillingnotonlyharmfulbacteriaandinsects,butalsohelpfulones.例如，殺蟲劑不僅可以殺死有害的細(xì)菌和昆蟲，還可以殺死有益的昆蟲，從而破壞土地。句式分析：句中notonly...butalso...“不僅……而且……”用作并列連詞，相當(dāng)于“notjust...butalso...”。[例1]Shakespearewasnotonlyawriterbut(also)anactor.莎士比亞不僅是一位劇作家，而且是一位演員。[例2]Lightandbrightcolorsmakepeoplenotonlyhappierbutmoreactive.淺色和鮮艷的顏色不但使人看了高興，也會使人更加活潑。[知識拓展](1)該結(jié)構(gòu)常用來連接并列成分，如兩個主語、謂語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語或句子，在意義上強(qiáng)調(diào)后者，其中also可以省略。(2)“notonly...butalso...”連接主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)遵循就近原則；當(dāng)notonly位于句首連接兩個句子時，第一個分句要用部分倒裝，第二個分句不倒裝。[即學(xué)即練]——完成句子①他們不僅闖進(jìn)了他的辦公室，而且撕碎了他的文件。Theynotonlybrokeintohisofficebut(also)toreuphispapers.②不僅是你而且還有他從火中救出了那些男孩。Notonlyyoubut(also)hehassavedtheboysfromthefire.③不僅學(xué)生，而且他們的老師也喜歡踢足球。Notjustthestudentsbutalsotheirteacherlikesplayingfootball．④他不僅能準(zhǔn)確地說英語，而且說得很流利。NotonlycanhespeakEnglishcorrectlybuthealsospeaksitfluently.⑤英國人和美國人不但語言相同，而且有很多相同的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣。TheAmericansandtheBritishnotonlyspeakthesamelanguagebutalsosharealargenumberofsocialcustoms.eq\a\vs4\al(重點(diǎn)句式2)too...to...句型(教材P55)Asforchemicalfertilisers,cropsgrownwiththemusuallygrowtoofasttoberichinnutrition.至于化肥，用它們種植的作物通常生長得太快，而不含豐富的營養(yǎng)。句式分析：too...to...意為“太……而不能……”，表示否定含義。[例1]Heistooshytospeaktoher.他太害羞，不敢同她講話。[例2]It'stoocheaptobegood.這東西太便宜，好不了(即便宜無好貨)。[知識拓展](1)too＋adj.(情感、心情或傾向等主語態(tài)度的詞，常見的有anxious,eager,glad,happy,pleased,ready,willing,etc.)＋todosth.(表示肯定意義)非常/很……做某事(2)not/nevertoo...todosth. 并不太……做某事(3)onlytoo...todosth. 非常……做某事(4)can't/cannever...to... 再……也不過分[即學(xué)即練]——完成句子/句型轉(zhuǎn)換①你做家庭作業(yè)時再怎樣仔細(xì)也不過分。Youcan'tbetoocarefultodoyourhomework．②活到老，學(xué)到老。Nevertoooldtolearn．③他總是樂于助人。Heistooreadytohelpothers．④他太小，還分不清是非。Heistooyoungtoknowrightfromwrong.⑤Shewassoexcitedthatshecouldn'tsayawordwhensheheardthenews.→Shewastooexcitedtosayawordwhensheheardthenews.eq\a\vs4\al(重點(diǎn)句式3)therebe句型(教材P56)Therefore，thereisstillalongwaytofindasuitablesolutionthatputssufficientfoodonthedinnertable...因此，要找到一個合適的解決方案，使人們的餐桌上有足夠的食物，還有很長的路要走……句式分析：therebe句型，表示“某處有(存在)某人或某物”。[例1]Thereisaneraserandtwopensonthedesk.桌子上有一塊橡皮和兩支鋼筆。[例2]Therehavebeenlotsofaccidentsnearthecrossing.在這個十字路口附近，發(fā)生了很多事故。[知識拓展](1)therebe句型最簡單的結(jié)構(gòu)為：Therebe(is，are，was,were)＋名詞＋地點(diǎn)狀語。(2)在Therebe引導(dǎo)的句子中，謂語動詞be的人稱和數(shù)應(yīng)該和它后面的主語(名詞)保持一致，當(dāng)有兩個或兩個以上的名詞作并列主語時，be的形式則和第一個名詞保持一致(就近原則)。(3)therebe句型中的be可以用表示“存在”的動詞，如live,exist,lie,stand,seem,rise,remain,happen,come,go等替代。句型結(jié)構(gòu)為：there＋存在類動詞＋主語。[即學(xué)即練]——完成句子①曾經(jīng)有一個年輕人，他夢想一夜暴富。Therelivedayoungmanwhodesiredtoberichovernight.②我們教室前有一棵老松樹。Therestandsanoldpinetreeinfrontofourclassroom.③此事似乎出了問題。Thereseemstobesomethingwrongwithit.④河里有幾個孩子在游泳。Thereareseveralchildrenswimmingintheriver.詞語猜測題詞語猜測題主要考查考生猜測文章中某個生詞、短語或詞塊的含義，或考查該詞(塊)能被哪個單詞、短語或詞塊代替。此外，也會涉及某一個熟詞在不同語境中的不同含義。[例文]ButthissummerIfindmyselfataloss.I'mnotquiteinterestedinBalzac,say,or“TristramShandy.”There'salwaysWarandPeace,eq\x(whichI'vecoveredsomedistanceseveraltimes)，onlytogetboggeddowninthe“War”part,eq\x(setitasideforawhile)，andrealizethateq\x(Ihavetostartoverfromthebeginningagain，having)eq\x(forgottenveryone'senameandsocialrank).Howappealingtosimplyfallbackonafavorite-oncemoreinto“TheWaves”or“Justine，”whichfeelsalmostlikecheating,tooexcitingandtoomuchfuntoproperlybelonginseriousliterature.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“getboggeddown”inParagraph2mean?A．Getconfused. B．Becarriedaway.C．Beinterrupted. D．Makenoprogress.★解題關(guān)鍵詞語猜測主要是從“已知”得出“未知”，即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是該詞語前后的內(nèi)容)進(jìn)行推理。有時還需要依靠常識和經(jīng)驗(yàn)來猜測?！锝忸}思路Step1：快速查找與猜測相關(guān)的信息句(□中句)Step2：詳讀——作者在讀“戰(zhàn)爭”部分時幾次合上書，把書放一邊，之后不得不再次從頭開始閱讀。Step3：嘗試解答——由信息句可判斷出，句中畫線的“getboggeddown”指的是陷入困境，停滯不前，沒有進(jìn)展。與makenoprogress同義，故選D。[針對性練習(xí)](一)Educationtakestime.Wecouldinsistthateveryonestudyfull-timeuntiltheageof45butthatwouldsurelybetoomuch.Andperhapshalfthepopulationstudyinguntilthey're21isalsotoomuch.Asforuniversities,theyconsumefinancialandintellectualresources—perhapsthoseresourcesmightbebetterspentelsewhere.What'sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“consume”？A．Use. B．Provide.C．Delight. D．Raise.A[上文說凡事都有代價，再結(jié)合畫線詞后的“financialandintellectualresources”可知，大學(xué)占用大量財政和智力資源，由此可知畫線詞詞義為“占用、使用”，故A項正確。](二)Butayearagowhenmyrelationshipwithmywifeandcareertookahit,IneededmydadtopullbackthecurtainsoIcouldseehimasrealandaccessible.Iwasfacingseriousproblems,andIwantedtoknowwhetherhehadfacedthembeforeandhowhehadfoundhisway,becauseIfeltlikeIhadlostmine.Indesperation,itoccurredtomethatsendinganemailmightbethekey,soIwrotehimone,tellinghimaboutmyregretsandfears,andIaskedhimtoanswer,ifhefeltlikeit.Theunderlinedpartcanbebestreplacedby________．A．drawthecurtainB．becomemoreoptimisticC．showhistrueselfD．clearthemisunderstandingC