2023年山東大學(xué)翻譯碩士英語真題試卷

2023(總分：72.00，做題時間：90一、Vocabulary(總題數(shù)：20，分數(shù)：40.00)Hefeltthattheuninspiringroutineofofficeworkwastoo andcreativity.〔分數(shù)：2.00〕A.prosaic√B.insatiableC.exactingD.enthrallinguninspiringroutineofofficework(讓人提不起精神prosaicinsatiable”；exactingenthralling的，格外好玩的”。Themuseumarrangedthefossilsin order,placingtheolderfossilsdatingfromtheLateIceAgeonthefirstfloorandthemorerecentfossilsonthesecondfloor.〔分數(shù)：2.00〕A.alphabeticalB.chronological√C.randomD.arbitraryfloor和themorerecent…onthesecondfloor可知，博物館是把化石按確定時間或年月挨次排列的，故答案為chronological(按時間先后挨次排列的按年月先后挨次排列的)alphabetical意為“按字母挨次的”random意為“任意的，機的”。arbitrary意為“任憑的，任意的；專斷的，武斷的，專制的”。句意為：博物館將化石按年月挨次排列，把覺察于冰川時代晚期的古老化石放在第一層，把覺察于更近時期的化石放在其次層。3.Withtheevolutionofwings,insectswereableto tothefarecologicalcorners,acrossdesertsandbodiesofwater,toreachnewfoodsourcesandinhabitawidervarietyofpromisingenvironmentalniches.〔分數(shù)：2.00〕A.relateB.disperse√C.transgressD.revertthefarecologicalcoinersdeserts漠)，bodiesofwater(水域)，newfoodsources(的食物源)推斷，昆蟲能夠到達這些地方，只有反(社會標(biāo)準或道德準則)”。revertHavingrecentlymissedoutontheMatisseretrospective,whichhastakenParisandNewYorkbystorm,andonthetourofgreatpaintingsfromPhiladelphia”sBarnescollection,Londonisbecoming inthecompetitiontoshowblockbusterinternationalartexhibitions.〔分數(shù)：2.00〕A.atrend-setterB.analso-ran√C.aworld-beaterD.amecca解析：解析：此題考察名詞辨析。依據(jù)題意“因最近已錯過轟動巴黎和紐約的馬蒂斯回憶展以及來自費城analso-rantrend—setter意為“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)潮流的人”；world-beatermecca，意為“眾人向往之地”。Whatmost themagazine”scriticsisthemannerinwhichitseditorialopinionsareexpressedtoooftenasifonlyanidiotcouldseethingsanyotherway.〔分數(shù)：2.00〕A.beliesB.impedesC.riles√D.placates解析：解析：此題考察動詞辨析。分析句子構(gòu)造可知，inwhichthemanner從句中說明白編者表達觀點的頻率太頻繁，就似乎只有白癡才有其他的見解一樣，這種方式應(yīng)是激怒該雜志評論員的緣由，故答案為[C]rile(激怒，使格外生氣)。belieplacateDespitehercompassionatenature,thenewnomineetotheSupremeCourtwassingle-mindedand inherstrictadherencetotheletterofthelaw.〔分數(shù)：2.00〕A.mercifulB.uncompromising√C.dilatoryD.vindictivesingle-minded(一心一意的，認真致志的)和空格后的herstrictadherencetotheletterofthelaw(她嚴格遵守法律條文)可知，空格處所填詞意思應(yīng)與merciful意為“慈祥的，寬大的”；dilatoryvindictive懷恨在心的”。Althoughhegenerallyobservedtheadage“Lookbeforeyouleap,“inthisinstancehewas actinginanunconsideredfashion.〔分數(shù)：2.00〕A.charyofB.impervioustoC.precipitatein√D.hesitantaboutalthough，以及l(fā)ookbeforeyouleap(三“Lookbeforeyouleap”precipitatein。becharyof慎重的”。beimpervioustobeprecipitatein意為“草率做……；倉促做……”。behesitantaboutSurroundedbyaretinueofsycophantswhoinvariably hersinging,Callasweariedoftheconstantadulationandlongedforhonestcriticism.〔分數(shù)：2.00〕A.orchestratedB.thwartedC.assailedD.extolled√sycophants(諂媚者，拍馬屁者)，以及空后的constantorchestrateassailThereisnothing orprovisionalaboutMoore”searlycriticalpronouncements;shedealsconfidentlywithwhatwerethenradicalnewdevelopmentsinpoetry.〔分數(shù)：2.00〕A.tentative√B.positiveC.dogmaticD.shallow解析：解析：此題考察形容詞辨析。依據(jù)空后的orprovisionalabout可知，空格處應(yīng)填與provisional(臨時的，臨時的，暫定的)意義相近的詞，故答案為tentative((shallow人、作品、思想等)淺薄的，淺薄的”。She thechancetospendawholedaywithherfather.〔分數(shù)：2.00〕jumpedonjumpedat√jumpedwithjumpedupthechancejumpedjumpupShepointedoutthathisresumewas becauseitmerelyrecordedhispreviouspositionsandfailedtohighlightthespecificskillshehadmasteredineachjob.〔分數(shù)：2.00〕A.disinterestedB.inadequate√C.conclusiveD.obligatory解析：解析：此題考察形容詞辨析。依據(jù)緣由狀語從句中“他的簡歷只是記錄了他之前的職位，并沒有突inadequate不能勝任的)。disinterestedconclusive意為“確定的，毫無疑問的，不容置疑的”。obligatory慣性的，禮節(jié)性的”。Becauseitwasalreadyknownthatretrovirusescouldcausecancerinanimals,itseemedonly tosearchforsimilarcancer-causingvirusesinhumanbeings.〔分數(shù)：2.00〕A.culpableB.charitableC.hypotheticalD.logical√解析：解析：此題考察形容詞辨析。分析句意可知，“已證明逆轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒能夠讓動物致癌”，那么“查找logical(culpablecharitablehypothetical意為“假設(shè)的，假定的”。Her ofirritation;sheneverusesasinglewordwhenshecansubstitutealongclauseorphraseinitsplace.〔分數(shù)：2.00〕A.frivolityverbosity√C.ambivalenceD.cogency解析：解析：此題考察名詞辨析。依據(jù)冒號后的內(nèi)容“她從不用一個字代替長句或短語”推斷，應(yīng)當(dāng)是她說話過于嘮叨，故答案為verbosityfrivolitycogency力，中肯切題”。trytodestroypestscompletelywithchemicalpoisons,foraseachnewchemicalpesticideisintroduced,theinsectsgraduallybecome toit.〔分數(shù)：2.00〕A.drawnB.vulnerableC.resistant√D.indifferent解析：解析：此題考察形容詞辨析。逗號前的句子提到“試圖用化學(xué)毒藥完全去除害蟲是徒勞的”，由此resistant(抵抗drawnvulnerableindifferent平或質(zhì)量)一般的，平凡的”。Ms.Onorarelygivesinterviewsbecauseshebelievesthenewsmediahave herbadly.〔分數(shù)：2.00〕A.publicizedB.misrepresented√C.eulogizedD.acclaimed解析：解析：此題考察動詞辨析。依據(jù)“小野女士很少承受采訪，由于她認為聞媒體對她不好”推斷，misrepresentedpublicize贊揚”。Totemcraftsmanshipreachedits whentheintroductionofmetaltoolsenabledcarverstoexecutemoresophisticateddesigns.〔分數(shù)：2.00〕A.apex√B.conclusionC.antithesisD.rewardTotemcraftsmanship(圖騰技藝)表示物，后面的定語從句“金屬比照；對立面”。rewardAsdelicateand have ,preservedinamber,forscientiststotraceinsectevolution.〔分數(shù)：2.00〕A.beautiful;disappearedB.fragile;survived√C.impervious;multipliedD.refined;awakened解析解析此題考察形容詞和動詞辨析第一空依據(jù)空前的and可知空格處所填詞應(yīng)表示和delicate(嬌弱的；纖細的)含義相近的詞。四個選項中，只有[B]項中的fragile(虛弱的；脆弱的)符合語義。其次空evolution(科學(xué)家追溯昆蟲的進化)推斷，只有存活下來的昆蟲才能供科學(xué)家爭論，故本空只能填survived(活下來，幸存，連續(xù)存在)，故答案為[B]項。18.Unfortunately,thecurrentBroadwayseasonofferssome farethatsoundsmarkedlylikeimitationsofprevioushits.〔分數(shù)：2.00〕A.epicB.radicalC.formulaic√D.incongruous解析：解析：此題考察形容詞辨析。依據(jù)空后的“聽起來明顯是對之前的熱點的仿照”可知，沒有變化或意的，即是程式化的，故答案為formulaic(程式化的，俗套的，非獨創(chuàng)的)。epic意為“史詩般的；壯麗為“根本的根本的激進的”incongruous意為“不相稱的不和諧的”。19.Forthosewhoadmirerealism,LouisMalle”srecentfilmsucceedsbecauseitconsciouslyshunsthestuffoflegendandtells storyasitmightactuallyunfoldwithfalliblepeopleinearthlytime.〔分數(shù)：2.00〕A.aderivativeB.anantiquatedanunembellished√anethereal解析：解析：此題考察形容詞辨析。依據(jù)空前的admirerealism(賞識現(xiàn)實主義)和shunsthestuffoflegend(刻意避開坊間傳奇的那些事兒)推斷，空格處應(yīng)填與realism相近、與legend相反含義的詞，故答unembellished(未裝飾的，未修飾的)。derivative意為“仿照他人的，缺乏創(chuàng)意的”；antiquated意為“過時的，陳舊的，老式的“；ethereal意為“縹緲的，超凡的”。這三項均不符合語義，故排解。20.Crabeaterseal,thecommonnameofLobodoncar-cinophagus,isa ,sincetheanimal”sstapledietisnotcrabs,butkrill.〔分數(shù)：2.00〕A.pseudonymB.misnomer√C.delusionD.digression解析：解析：此題考察名詞辨析。依據(jù)空格后的“由于食蟹海豹(crabeaterseal)的根本食物不是螃蟹，[Bmisnomer(用詞不當(dāng)，使用意為“離題，偏離主題”。二、ReadingComprehension(總題數(shù)：4，分數(shù)：30.00)Themajorityofsuccessfulseniormanagersdonotcloselyfollowtheclassicalrationalmodeloffirstclarifyinggoals,assessingtheproblem,formulatingoptions,estimatinglikelihoodsofsuccess,makingadecision,andonlythentakingactiontoimplementthedecision.Rather,intheirday-by-daytacticalmaneuvers,theseseniorexecutivesrelyonwhatisvaguelytermed“intuition“tomanageanetworkofinterrelatedproblemsthatrequirethemtodealwithambiguity,inconsistency,novelty,andsurprise;andtointegrateactionintotheprocessofthinking.Generationsofwritersonmanagementhaverecognizedthatsomepracticingmanagersrelyheavilyonintuition.Ingeneral,however,suchwritersdisplayapoorgraspofwhatintuitionis.Someseeitastheoppositeofrationality;othersviewitasanexcuseforcapriciousness.Isenberg”srecentresearchonthecognitiveprocessesofseniormanagersrevealsthatmanagers”intuitionisneitherofthese.Rather,seniormanagersuseintuitioninatleastfivedistinctways.First,theyintuitivelysensewhenaproblemexists.Second,managersrelyonintuitiontoperformwell-learnedbehaviorpatternsrapidly.Thisintuitionisnotarbitraryorirrational,butisbasedonyearsofpainstakingpracticeandhands-onexperiencethatbuildskills.Athirdfunctionofintuitionistosynthesizeisolatedbitsofdataandpracticeintoanintegratedpicture,ofteninan“Aha!“experience.Fourth,somemanagersuseintuitionasacheckontheresultsofmorerationalanalysis.Mostseniorexecutivesarefamiliarwiththeformaldecisionanalysismodelsandtools,andthosewhousesuchsystematicmethodsforreachingdecisionsareoccasionallyleeryofsolutionssuggestedbythesemethodswhichruncountertotheirsenseofthecorrectcourseofaction.Finally,managerscanuseintuitiontobypassin-depthanalysisandmoverapidlytoengenderaplausiblesolution.Usedinthisway,intuitionisanalmostinstantaneouscognitiveprocessinwhichamanagerrecognizesfamiliarpatterns.Oneoftheimplicationsoftheintuitivestyleofexecutivemanagementisthat“thinking“isinseparablefromacting.Sincemanagersoften“know“whatisrightbeforetheycananalyzeandexplainit,theyfrequentlyactfirstandexplainlater.Analysisisinextricablytiedtoactioninthinking/actingcycles,inwhichmanagersdevelopthoughtsabouttheircompaniesandorganizationsnotbyanalyzingaproblematicsituationandthenacting,butbyactingandanalyzingincloseconcert.Giventhegreatuncertaintyofofthemanagementissuesthattheyface,seniormanagersofteninstigateacourseofactionsimplytolearnmoreaboutanissue.Theythenusetheresultsoftheactiontodevelopamorecompleteunderstandingoftheissue.Oneimplicationofthinking/actingcyclesisthatactionisoftenpartofdefiningtheproblem,notjustofimplementingthesolution.〔分數(shù)：10.00〕(1).Accordingtothepassage,seniormanagersuseintuitioninallofthefollowingwaysEXCEPTto .〔分數(shù)：2.00〕speedupthecreationofasolutiontoaproblemidentifyaproblembringtogetherdisparatefactsD.stipulatecleargoals√seniormanagersuseintuition段其次句指出，高級治理者至少通過五種明確的方式利用直覺。下文分別指出這五種方式：一是高級治理者會直覺地覺察何時會存在問題；二是高級治理者依靠于直覺來快速完成熟知的行為模式；三是高級治理者利用直覺將孤立的數(shù)據(jù)和行為整合成一幅完整的影像；四是高級治理者利用直覺來檢驗更為理性分析的結(jié)果；五是高級治理者利用直覺來繞開深入的分析，快速得到一種貌似可信的解決方法。[A]項、[B]項和[C]項都屬于這五種方式，故答案為[D]項。(2).Thepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutthe“writersonmanagement“mentionedinParagraph2?〔分數(shù)：2.00〕Theyhavecriticizedmanagersfornotfollowingtheclassicalrationalmodelofdecisionanalysis.Theyhavenotbasedtheiranalysesonasufficientlylargesampleofactualmanagers.indrawingtheirconclusionsonwhatmanagerssayratherthanonwhatmanagersdo.Theyhavemisunderstoodhowmanagersuseintuitioninmakingbusinessdecisions.√是反復(fù)無常的一個借口。由此可知，一些“治理學(xué)作者”對治理者所利用的直覺生疏缺乏，故答案為[D]項。(3).Whichofthefollowingbestexemplifies“an”Aha!”experience“inparagraphthreeasitispresentedinthepassage?〔分數(shù)：2.00〕takinganactionwhoseoutcomeisunpredictabletodiscoverwhethertheactionchangestheproblemathand.B.Amanagerperformswell-learnedandfamiliarbehaviorpatternsincreativeanduncharacteristicwaystosolveaproblem.C.Amanagersuddenlyconnectsseeminglyunrelatedfactsandexperiencestocreateapatternrelevanttotheproblemathand.√D.Amanagerrapidlyidentifiesthemethodologyusedtocompiledatayieldedbysystematicanalysis.完整的影像，這通常會表現(xiàn)為一種“Aha!”式的體驗。“Aha!”在這里表示恍然大悟的。由此可知，在這里表示，治理者通過整合孤立的數(shù)據(jù)和行為的方法在意想不到的狀況下找出了解決方法，故答案為[C]項。(4).Accordingtothepassage,theclassicalmodelofdecisionanalysisincludesallofthefollowingEXCEPT .〔分數(shù)：2.00〕A.creationofpossiblesolutionstoaproblemB.establishmentofcleargoalstobereachedbythedecisionC.actionundertakeninordertodiscovermoreinformationaboutaproblem√Dparisonoftheprobableeffectsofdifferentsolutionstoaproblemclassicaloftheclassicalrationalmodel的解釋說明，即傳統(tǒng)的理性處理模式是首先確定目標(biāo)，然后評估問題，想出各種可能性，估量成功率，作出打算，最終再付諸行動。[A]項、[B]項和[D]項都符合傳統(tǒng)的理性處理模式，只有[C]項不符合，故為答案。(5).Thepassageprovidessupportforwhichofthefollowingstatements?〔分數(shù)：2.00〕A.Managerswhorelyonintuitionaremoresuccessfulthanthosewhorelyonformaldecisionanalysis.B.Intuitionenablesmanagerstoemploytheirpracticalexperiencemoreefficiently.√C.Managers”intuitionworkscontrarytotheirrationalandanalyticalskills.D.Logicalanalysisofaproblemincreasesthenumberofpossiblesolutions.的閱歷，故答案為[B]項。Forsometimescientistshavebelievedthatcholesterolplaysamajorroleinheartdiseasebecausepeoplewithfamilialhypercholesterolemia,ageneticdefect,havesixtoeighttimesthenormallevelofcholesterolintheirbloodandtheyinvariablydevelopheartdisease.Thesepeoplelackcell-surfacereceptorsforlow-densitylipoproteins(LDL”s),whicharethefundamentalcarriersofbloodcholesteroltothebodycellsthatusecholesterol.Withoutanadequatenumberofcell-surfacereceptorstoremoveLDL”sfromtheblood,thecholesterol-carryingLDL”sremainintheblood,increasingbloodcholesterollevels.ScientistsalsonoticedthatpeoplewithfamilialhypercholesterolemiaappeartoproducemoreLDL”sthannormalindividuals.How,scientistswondered,couldageneticmutationthatcausesaslowdownintheremovalofLDL”sfromthebloodalsoresultinanincreaseinthesynthesisofthischolesterol-carryingprotein?Sincescientistscouldnotexperimentonhumanbodytissue,theirknowledgeoffamilialhypercholesterolemiawasseverelylimited.However,abreakthroughcameinthelaboratoriesofYoshioWatanabeofKobeUniversityinJapanin1980.Watanabenoticedthatamalerabbitinhiscolonyhadtentimesthenormalconcentrationofcholesterolinitsblood.Byappropriatebreeding,Watanabeobtainedastrainofrabbitsthathadveryhighcholesterollevels.Theserabbitsspontaneouslydevelopedheartdisease.Tohissurprise,Watanabefurtherfoundthattherabbits,likehumanswithfamilialhypercholesterolemia,lackedLDLreceptors.Thus,scientistscouldstudytheseWatanaberabbitstogainabetterunderstandingoffamilialhypercholesterolemiainhumans.PriortotheitwasknownthatLDL”saresecretedfromtheliverintheformofaprecursor,calledverylow-densitylipoproteins(VLDL”s)whichcarrytriglyceridesaswellasrelativelysmallamountsofcholesterol.ThetriglyceridesareremovedfromtheVLDL”sbyfattyandothertissues.Whatremainsisaremnantparticlethatmustberemovedfromtheblood.WhatscientistslearnedbystudyingtheWatanaberabbitsisthattheremovaloftheVLDLremnantrequirestheLDLreceptor.Normally,themajorityoftheVLDLremnantsgototheliverwheretheybindtoLDLreceptorsandaredegraded.IntheWatanaberabbit,duetoalackofLDLreceptorsremaininthebloodandareeventuallyconvertedtoLDL”s.TheLDLreceptorsthushaveadualeffectincontrollingLDLlevels.Theyarenecessarytopreventfromtheblood.Withthisknowledge,scientistsarenowwellonthewaytowarddevelopingdrugsthatdramaticallylowercholesterollevelsinpeopleafflictedwithcertainformsoffamilialhypercholesterolemia.〔分數(shù)：10.00〕(1).Inthepassage,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith .〔分數(shù)：2.00〕A.presentingahypothesisanddescribingcompellingevidenceinsupportofitB.raisingaquestionanddescribinganimportantdiscoverythatledtoananswer√C.showingthatacertaingeneticallycauseddiseasecanbetreatedeffectivelywithdrugsD.explainingwhatcausesthegeneticmutationthatleadstoheartdisease科學(xué)家們疑心，引起血液中低密度脂蛋白去除速度降低的基因突變?nèi)绾问箶y帶膽固醇的蛋白的合成上升?最終一段第四至八句則對這一問題作出了解釋。由此可知，本文作者首先提出了一個問題，然后通過一項試驗室爭論結(jié)果對這一問題作出了答復(fù)，故答案為[B]項。ofthefollowingquestionsdoesthepassagesupplyinformationtoanswer?〔分數(shù)：2.00〕A.Whichbodycellsaretheprimaryusersofcholesterol?HowdidscientistsdiscoverthatLDL”saresecretedfromtheliverintheformofaprecursor?WhereinthebodyareVLDLremnantsdegraded?√Whichbodytissuesproducetriglycerides?在那里它們與低密度脂蛋白受體結(jié)合，并被分解，故答案為[C]項。(3).Accordingtothepassage,bystudyingtheWatanaberabbitsscientistslearnedthat .〔分數(shù)：2.00〕A.VLDLremnantsareremovedfromthebloodbyLDLreceptorsintheliver√B.LDL”saresecretedfromtheliverintheformofprecursorscalledVLDL”sC.VLDLremnantparticlescontainsmallamountsofcholesterolD.LDLreceptorsremoveLDL”sfromthebloodtheWatanaberabbits將此題出處定位于第三段第四句。本句指出，通過爭論Watanabe白受體。通過第六句可知，由于肝臟細胞缺少低密度脂蛋白受體，超低密度脂蛋白殘留物就始終存在兔子的血液中，并最終轉(zhuǎn)化為低密度脂蛋白。結(jié)合這兩句可知，肝臟中的低密度脂蛋白受體能夠去除血液中的超低密度脂蛋白殘留物，故答案為[A]項。ofdrugtreatmentsforsomeformsoffamilialhypercholesterolemiaisregardedbytheauthoras .〔分數(shù)：2.00〕highlyprobable√interesting,buttoocostlytobepracticalC.promising,butmanyyearsoffD.extremelyunlikelydrug，科學(xué)家們現(xiàn)在正在朝著研制出治療藥物的方向努力，且進展順當(dāng)，這些藥物能夠急劇降低受到家族性wellontheway可能的，故答案為[A]項。(5).InwhichofthefollowingwaysdoesthepassageimplythatWatanaberabbitsdifferfromnormalrabbits?〔分數(shù)：2.00〕WatanaberabbitshavemoreLDLreceptorsthandonormalrabbits.ThebloodofWatanaberabbitscontainsmoreVLDLremnantsthandoesthebloodofnormalrabbits.√Watanaberabbitshavefewerfattytissuesthandonormalrabbits.WatanaberabbitssecretelowerlevelsofVLDL”sthandonormalrabbits.項。DavidMaranisschokedupwhenhesawthetwo-minuteChrysleradvertisementduringtheSuperBowl,theannualfootballextravaganza,withitsimagesofsmokestacks,iceskatersandDiegoRivera”smurals.Suddenlyherealizedhowmuchhestillcaredforhisbirthplace,wherehespentthefirstsixandahalfyearsofhislife.Somuchsothathedecidedtowritehis12thbookaboutthecity,whenitwasatthepeakofitseconomic,politicalandculturalpower.Hepickedtheearly1960s,fromtheautumnof1962tothespringof1964.AtthetimeDetroitwastheeconomicengineofAmerica.InJanuary1963Lifemagazinepublishedastoryundertheheadline“GlowfromDetroitSpreadsEverywhere“.ThefactoriesofFord,GeneralMotors,ChryslerandAmericanMotorswerefiringonallcylinders.Theincreaseinwomendrivers,thetrendtowardstwo-carfamilies,therisingincomeofthepost-warbabyboomersandthepromiseofforeignmarketsinspiredtremendousoptimismfortheindustry”sgrowth.Theannualmotorshowwasthebiggestandmostimportanteventofitskind,theAcademyAwardsonwheels;onoccasioneventhevice-presidentcame.Detroitwasalsoacenterofprogressivepoliticsandthecivil-rightsMaranissdevotesanentirechaptertoWalterReuther,thememorablebossofthemostpowerfulunion,theUnitedAutoWorkers(UAW).Hisparents,Germanimmigrants,raisedhimwithvisionsofsocialjusticeandworkers”rights.Reutherwasanidealistbutalsoapragmatist,whichmadehimenemiesontheleftaswellastheright.GeorgeRomney,theRepublicangovernorofMichiganin1963,calledhim“themostdangerousmaninDetroit“becauseofhisabilitytobringabout“therevolutionwithoutseemingtodisturbtheexistingnormsofsociety“.Reutherwasconcernedwithcivilrightsalmostasmuchaswithworkers”rights.HeinvitedMartinLutherKingtotheUAW”s25th-anniversarydinnerandafterwardsdistributedcopiesofKing”sspeechtotherank-and-file.WhenhundredsofprotesterswerejailedafterKing”sBirminghamcampaignofcivildisobedience,ReutherdispatchedtwoUAWstafferswith$160,000inmoneybeltstobailthemoutofjail.“ItcouldbesaidthattoasignificantdegreeDetroitanditsautoworkerswerethecivilrightsmovement”sbank,“MrMaranisswrites.InDetroitinJune1963Kingledthe“WalktoFreedom“,thenthelargestcivil-rightsmarch,anddeliveredaversionofhis“IHaveaDream“speechwhichhewouldgivenineweekslaterattheLincolnMemorialinWashington,DC.ForallDetroit”sglow,thestormcloudswerealreadygatheringintheearly1960s.MrMaranisscitesastudybyWayneStateUniversityin1963thatpredictedthepopulationofDetroitwoulddropbetween1960and1970andcontinuetodwindle.“Productivepersonswhopaytaxesaremovingoutofthecity,leavingbehindthenon-productive,“thereportnoted.Italsomentionedthatin1960Detroit”spopulationwas28.9%blackandforecastthatby1970thecitywouldbe44.3%black,pointingoutthatblackswhohadtheresourcesmovedtothesuburbs“withthesameurgencyaswhites“.Thereportturnedouttobeunusuallyprescient.InspiteoftheeffortsofReuther,Cavanagh,Kingandothers,Detroitwasrockedbyoneoftheworstraceriotsinhistoryin1967.Fromthenonthepaceofthecity”sdeclinequickened.BythetimeMrMaranisswaswritinghismeticulouslyresearchedbook,whichattimesprovidesalmosttoomuchdetailfortheuninitiated,Detroithaddeclaredbankruptcy.Itspopulationwas83%black,itsworkerswerelargelyunskilledandthecity”sheadcounthadshrunkto688,000.ThecitythathadgivenAmericasomuchwasindesperateneedofhelp.〔分數(shù)：4.00〕(1).HowsignificantwasDetroiteconomicallyandpoliticallyintheearly1960：2.00〕填空項1:

〔正確答案：正確答案：ItwastheeconomicengineofAmericaandacenterofprogressivepoliticsandthecivil-rightsmovement．〕2060其次段第一句指出，這時的底特律是美國的經(jīng)濟引擎。第三段第一句則指出，這時的底特律是進步政治和民權(quán)運動的中心。(2).AccordingtothestudybyWayneStateUniversityin1963,howisthechangeinpopulationstructureinDetroitrelatedtothecity”sdecline?〔分數(shù)：2.00〕填空項1:

thepopulationofDetroitwoulddro，especiallytheproductivepersonswouldmoveoutoftheciyAnditalsothattheproportionofblackpeoplewillincrease．〕thestudybyWaynestateUniversityin1963population將此題定位在第五段。該段其次、三句指出，估量在1960—1970170120196028．9197044．3％。Atfirstglancethepatriarchyappearstobethriving.Morethan90%ofpresidentsandprimeministersaremale,asarenearlyallbigcorporatebosses.Mendominatefinance,technology,films,sports,musicandevenstand-upcomedy.InmuchoftheworldtheystillenjoysocialandlegalprivilegessimplybecausetheyhaveaYchromosome.Soitmightseemoddtoworryabouttheplightofmen.Yetthereisplentyofcauseforconcern.Menclusteratthebottomaswellasthetop.Theyarefarmorelikelythanwomentobejailed,estrangedfromtheirchildren,ortokillthemselves.Theyearnfeweruniversitydegreesthanwomen.Boysinthedevelopedworldare50%morelikelytoflunkbasicmaths,readingandscienceentirely.Onegroupinparticularissuffering.Poorlyeducatedmeninrichcountrieshavehaddifficultycopingwiththeenormouschangesinthelabormarketandthehomeoverthepasthalf-century.Astechnologyandtradehavedevaluedbrawn,less-educatedmenhavestruggledtofindaroleintheworkplace.Women,ontheotherhand,aresurgingintoexpandingsectorssuchashealthcareandeducation,helpedbytheirsuperiorskills.Aseducationhasbecomemoreimportant,boyshavealsofallenbehindgirlsinschool(exceptattheverytop).Menwholosejobsinmanufacturingoftenneverworkagain.Andmenwithoutworkfindithardtoattractapermanentmate.Theresult,forlow-skilledmen,isapoisonouscombinationofnojob,nofamilyandnoprospects.Thoseonthepoliticallefttendtofocusoneconomics.Shrinkingjobopportunitiesformen,theysay,areentrenchingpovertyanddestroyingfamilies.InAmericapayformenwithonlyahigh-schoolcertificatefellby21%inrealtermsbetween1979and2023;forwomenwithsimilarqualificationsitroseby3%.Aroundafifthofworking-ageAmericanmenwithonlyahigh-schooldiplomahavenojob.Thoseontherightworryaboutthecollapseofthefamily.Thevastmajorityofwomenwouldprefertohaveapartnerwhodoeshisbitbothfinanciallyanddomestically.Buttheywouldratherdowithoutonethanteamupwithalayabout,whichmaybeallthatisonoffer:Americanmenwithoutjobsspendonlyhalfasmuchtimeonhouseworkandcaringforothersasdowomeninthesamesituation,andmuchmoretimewatchingtelevision.Hencetheunravellingofworking-classfamilies.Thetwo-parentfamily,stillthenormamongtheelite,isvanishingamongthepoor.Inrichcountriestheproportionofbirthsoutsidemarriagehastrebledsince1980,to33%.Insomeareaswheretraditionalmanufacturinghascollapsed,ithasreached70%ormore.Childrenraisedinbrokenhomeslearnlessatschool,aremorelikelytodropoutandearnlesslateronthanchildrenfromintactones.Theyarealsonotverygoodatformingstablefamiliesoftheirown.Thesetwosidesoftentalkpasteachother.Buttheirexplanationsarenotcontradictory:botheconomicsandsocialchangearetoblame,andthetwocausesreinforceeachother.Moreover,theseproblemsarelikelytogetworse.Technologywilldisruptmoreindustries,creatingbenefitsforsocietybutrenderingworkerswhofailtoupdatetheirskillsredundant.TheOECD,athink-tank,predictsthattheabsolutenumberofsingle-parenthouseholdswillcontinuetoriseinnearlyallrichcountries.Boyswhogrowupwithoutfathersaremorelikelytohavetroubleforminglastingrelationships,creatingacycleofmaledysfunction.〔分數(shù)：6.00〕(1).Inwhatwaysdopoorly-educatedmeninrichcountriessuffer?〔分數(shù)：2.00〕填空項1:

〔正確答案：正確答案：Theyhavedifficultyinfindingaroleintheworkplaceandthusapermanentmate．〕poorly-educatedmeninrichcountries50中發(fā)生的巨大變化。連續(xù)向下閱讀可覺察，他們難以應(yīng)付勞動力市場和家庭中的巨大變化具體表達在：找不到工作和伴侶。(2).Whatimpactsdotheshrinkingjobopportunitiesformenhaveonfamilies?〔分數(shù)：2.00〕填空項1:

theshrinkingjobopportunities句。本句指出，對男性來說，削減的工作時機正在令他們難以逃脫貧困的狀態(tài)，并且破壞他們的家庭。(3).Whataretheusualdrawbacksforchildrenraisedinbrokenhomes?〔分數(shù)：2.00〕填空項1:

〔正確答案：正確答案：Theylearnlessatschool，atemorelikelytodropoutandearnlesslateron．Theyarealsonotverygoodatformingstablefamiliesoftheirown．〕childrenraisedinbrokenhomes兩句。這兩句指出了裂開的家庭對孩子的消極影響：孩子在學(xué)校能學(xué)到的學(xué)問少，更有可能輟學(xué)，日后賺的少，并且也不擅長建立他們自己的穩(wěn)定家庭。三、Writing(總題數(shù)：1，分數(shù)：2.00)21.Chinawillgraduallypostponeitsstatutoryretirementage,asitsworkforceretirestheWednesday.TheMinistryofHumanResourcesandSocialSecurityissettopublicizeareformplanonpostponingthestatutoryretirementage,saidministerYinWeimin.Currently,people”sretirementageisnomorethan55,comparedtothemid-6