名詞性從句講解與練習(xí)

名詞性從句講解與練習(xí)導(dǎo)讀：英語(yǔ)中的復(fù)合句（名詞性從句，定語(yǔ)從句，狀語(yǔ)從句），在各省份的單項(xiàng)選擇中一般有2-3題。因?yàn)楦呖贾袕?fù)合句是重點(diǎn)考查內(nèi)容，所以我們應(yīng)該學(xué)好復(fù)合句。本章將重點(diǎn)討論名詞性從句。一，名詞性從句基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)1，名詞性從句基本概念：：在句中，充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，同位語(yǔ)是一個(gè)句子，這個(gè)句子就叫名詞性從句。名詞性從句可以分為主語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。Whatmattersisnotwinningbutparticipating.（主語(yǔ)從句）Whowillgothereisnotdecided. （主語(yǔ)從句）Thatyouwanttobeindependentisonlynatural.（主語(yǔ)從句）溫馨提示：我們常常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而把主語(yǔ)從句放在句末。ILisnotdecidedwhowillgothere.U_isonlynaturalthatyouwanttobeindependent.Itisfearedthatmanyliveshavebeenlostintheearthquake.Idon'tknowwhyheisalwaysfindingfaultwithme. （賓語(yǔ)從句動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)從句）Thesingermadenocommentonwetherhehadsoldhisstorytoanewspaper.（賓語(yǔ)從句介詞+賓語(yǔ)從句）Iamafraidthatthedoctorscandonothingtosavethepatient.（賓語(yǔ)從句be+adj.+賓語(yǔ)從句）Iamnotsurewhether/ifhewillcome. （賓語(yǔ)從句be+adj.+賓語(yǔ)從句）Myhomwtownisnolongerwhatitusedtobetenyearsago.（表語(yǔ)從句）WhatIwanttoknowiswhenwewillhavethesportsmeet. （表語(yǔ)從句）ThetruthisthatIdon'tgetonwithmyflat-mate. （表語(yǔ)從句）同位語(yǔ)從句概念：位于名詞（一般是抽象名詞）news,fact,story,hope,wish,suggestion,proposal,idea,rumor等之后的從句，說(shuō)明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容，這個(gè)從句就叫同位語(yǔ)從句。Thenewsthattheyhadwonthegamesoonspreadthroughoutthewholeschool.HeexpressedhishopethathewouldcometoChengduagain.ThequestionwhetherwewilltakefurtheractionhasnotbeendiscussedIhavenoideawhichdictionaryofthethreebelongstoher.注意：1）,同位語(yǔ)從句的分割現(xiàn)象同位語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)不是跟在有關(guān)的名詞之后，而是被其它詞隔開(kāi)了。We’vejustheardawarningontheradiothatatyphoonmaybeonitsway.Therumorspreadthatanewcompanywouldbebuilthere.Thestorygoesthattheyaredivorced.Wordcamethathewouldleaveofficesoon.2,名詞性從句連接詞名詞性從句可以由的單純連接詞，連接代詞，連接副詞引導(dǎo)。1） 單純連接詞：that,whether/if在名詞性從句中不作成分。HesaidthathewouldcometoChinaagain.Idon'tknowwhether/ifhewillcomeback.表語(yǔ)從句還可以由單純連接詞asif/though,because引導(dǎo)。Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.Iamverytirednow.ThatisbecauseIhavebeenworkingforfourhours.2） ，連接代詞：what,who,which,whose,whatever,whoever,whichever.連接代詞在名詞性從句中作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)等成分Idon'tknowwhathewants.Afterwhatwasaboutfiveminutes,theteachergavethestudentsthecorrectanswertothequestion.Givethebooktowhoeverwantsit.3） ，連接副詞：where,when,why,how,as,wherever,whenever,however.在名詞性從中作狀語(yǔ)Idon'tknowwherehehasgone.Whenwewillstartisnotdecided.Thingsarenotalwaysastheyseemtobe.二）名詞性從句考點(diǎn):1,that何時(shí)可以省略that在賓語(yǔ)從句大多數(shù)情況可以省略Weregret(that)youdidnotfindourprouctsatisfactory.Wetoldthedriver(that)wewereinahurry.特別注意：在賓語(yǔ)從句中，不能省略that的情況：同一動(dòng)詞支配兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，第二個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句的that不能省略。HesaidhecamefromWuhanandthathehaddecidedtosettleinChengdu.it作形式賓語(yǔ)時(shí)Wethinkitourdutythatweshouldhelpthepoor.有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)Wedecided,inviewofhisspecialcircumstances,thatwewouldgivehimanotherchance.Idon'tdoubt,inanycase,thathewillonmyside.4),賓語(yǔ)從句位于句首時(shí)，Thatyoudidnotfindourproductsatisfactory,wereallyregret.在主語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，同位語(yǔ)從句中一般不能省略。Thatyouwanttobeinependentisonlynatural.TheadvantageofDVDisthatitgivesyoumuchbetterpicturequality.Weshouldmakepeoplefacethefactthatalotofpeoplediefromsmokingeveryyear.小試身手：改錯(cuò)練習(xí)：HeexpressedthehopehewouldcometoChinaagain.Thetruthishehasneverbeenabroad.3,Itisreportedhestudiedabroadlastyear.4,IthinkitnecessaryweshouldlearnEnglishwell.Hesaidhecouldn'ttellittoyourightawayandyouwouldn'tunderstand.Wedecided,inviewofhisspecialcircumstances,wewouldgivehimanotherchance.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：1，在hope后加that 2,在is后加that3,在reported后加that在necessary后加that5,在and后加that6,在we前加that2,if和whether的區(qū)別：在賓語(yǔ)從句中，if和whether一般都可以使用.Iwonderwhetherr/ifhewillcometoday.Iamnotsurewether/ifheisfitforthejob.特別注意：在賓語(yǔ)從句中，只能使用whether的情況：介詞之后Yoursuccessorfailuredependsonwhetheryouworkhard.緊跟ornot時(shí)Sheaskedmewhetherornothewouldcome.某些動(dòng)詞如discuss,consider之后Theyarediscussingwhetherheisfitforthejob.Theyareconsideringwhethertheywillgothere.接不定式Canyoutellmewhethertogoortostay?主語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從句，同位語(yǔ)從句只能用whether.WhetherIwillcomedependsonanumberofthings.Thequestioniswetherhewillcometohelp.Thequestionwhetherwewilltakefurtheractionhasnotbeendiscussed狀語(yǔ)從句只能用if(此時(shí)if翻譯為”如果”)。Iwon'tcomeifitrainstomorrow.Iwillgonowifyouwillexcuseme小試身手：請(qǐng)用whether和if填空：1,Iaskedhimhewouldcome.Iaskedhimornothewouldcome.Yoursuccessorfailuredependsonyouworkhard.4wewillgothereisnotdecided.Ihavenoideahewillcome.youwillexcuseme,Iwillgonow.Thequestioniswecanfinishourworkbytomorrowmorning.Iamnotcertainhewillcome.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:wether/if2,wether3,wether4,Wether5,wether6,If7,wether8,Wehter3,that和what的區(qū)別“that”在名詞性從句不作任何句子成分；J!isfearedthatmanyliveshavebeenlostintheearthquake.what在名詞性成句中要作句子成分并且what從句常常與適合的n+that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句意義一樣。Whatwewecan’tgetseemsbetterthanwhatwehave.=Thingsthatwecan’tgetseembetterthanthingswehave.IamnotwhatIusedtobetenyearsago.=IamnotthepersonthatIusedtobetenyearsago.請(qǐng)用that和what填空Myideaisyoushouldmakegooduseofyourtime.hewillcometothediscussioniscertain.heknowsaboutitisoutofdateandinaccurate.Afterwasaboutfiveminutes,theteachergavethestudentsthecorrectanswertothequestion.Knowingitwasjustadifferenceincustom,theforeignersmiled.Theotherday,mybrotherdrovehiscaratIthoughtwasadangerousspeed.Itisprettywellunderstoodcontrolstheflowofcarbondioxideinandoutoftheatmospheretoday.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:1，that 2,That 3,What 4,what5,that 6,what 7,whatwhat(ever)和which(ever)的區(qū)別：which(ever)說(shuō)話者心中有一定的范圍；用what(ever)說(shuō)話者心中沒(méi)有范圍請(qǐng)用what(ever)和which(ever)填空1，teamwinsonSaturdaywillgothroughtothenextnationalchampionships.2，Heisreadytoaccepthelphecanget.ItakebackIsaidjustnow.Theyareallgoodbooks.Ireallydon'tknowoneIshouldchoose.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：whichever2,whatever3what4,which其它連接代詞或副詞的考查，常常根據(jù)句意即可選出。----Iwenttoattendthelectureyesterday.——Isthatyouhadadayoff?AwhyBbecauseCthat DwhatJohn,goandgetyourbackpack.Itisjustyouleftit.AwhenBthereCwhat Dwhere——Doyouknowhewillcomehere? Bybike.AwhyBwhenChow DwhatHesaidthateveryoneshouldgetequalpay.ThatisIdisagree.AwhatBwhereBthatDwhich標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：1-4,ADCB名詞性從句都要用陳述語(yǔ)序；感嘆句充當(dāng)從句，其語(yǔ)序不變。Theseshoeslookverygood.Iwonder.AhowmuchdidtheycostBhowmuchtheycostChowmuchweretheycostDhowmuchtheywerecostYoucan'timagine!AwhatahardlifeMr.lanisliving BhowahardlifeisMr.LanlivingCwhatMr.Lanislivingahardlife DhowMr.Lanislivingahardlife標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：1-2BA若主句動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去形式，賓語(yǔ)從句要用相應(yīng)過(guò)去形；但客觀真理時(shí)態(tài)不變，仍然用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。HetoldmethatMr.Lanwasgoingtobuyacarsoon.WhenIwasinjuniormiddleschool,mygeographyteacheroftentoldmethesunrisesintheeast..

whoever,whatever,whichever弓I導(dǎo)的從句與nomatterwho,nomatterwhat,nomatterwhich引導(dǎo)的從句的區(qū)別：Whatever等既可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，又可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。Nomatterwhat等只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。won'tchangemymind,whateveryousay.=Iwon'tchangemymind,whateveryousay.Whateverhasabeginningalsohasanend..溫馨提示：如果去掉whatever引導(dǎo)的從句，剩下部分是完整的句子，whatever引導(dǎo)的是讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。此時(shí)whatever可以由nomatterwhat替換。如果如果去掉whatever引導(dǎo)的從句，剩下部分不是完整的句子，whatever引導(dǎo)的是名詞性從句。此時(shí)whatever不能用nomatterwhat替換。Whoeverrunsthecountry,wearealwaysinamess.=Nomatterwhorunsthecountry,wearealwaysinamess.Whoeverfinishesfirstwillgetaprize.小試身手：1，breaksthelawdeservesafine.AWhomeverBAnyoneCWhoeverDNomatterwho hasabeginningalsohasanend..AWhateverBNomatterwhatCWhicheverDAnythingteamwinsonSaturdaywillgothroughtothenextgame.AWhateverBWhicheverCAny DNomatterwhich4，Thejourneytakesages,routeyoutake.AwhateverBeitherCnomatterwhich Dany5hasfinishedtheirhomeworkmaygonow.AWhoeverBThosewhoCNomatterwhoDAnyoneAWhoeverBThosewhoCNomatterwhoDAnyone標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：1-5CABCA注意從句夾從句的情況1,Makehimmakeapromisehehaswillbeyourswhenhedies.AthatBwhateverCthatwhatever Dwhat標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：Cbesure/certainabout/ofbeafraidofbehappyaboutbeawareofbedoubtfulabout等動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，后接that賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),要省略介詞。改錯(cuò)：IwasafraidofthatImighthurthisfeelings.Thegirlwassureofthatshewouldbeabletorecognizeherattacker.Iamhappyaboutthatmyfatherwillcomebackhometomorrow.1,去掉of2,去掉of3去掉about、 名詞性從句練習(xí)1.（全國(guó)卷I33）.Wehaven'tdiscussedyetwearegoingtoplaceournewfurniture.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.where（全國(guó)II10）—Haveyoufinishedthebook?—No.I'vereaduptothechildrendiscoverthesecretcave.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.where（北京卷31）.IwanttobelikedandlovedforIaminside.A.whoB.whereC.whatD.how（北京卷32）.PartofthereasonCharlesDickenslovedhisownnovel,DavidCopperfield,was__itwasrathercloselymodeledonhisownlife.A.whatB.thatC.whyD.whether（北京卷33）.somepeopleregardasadrawbackisseenasaplusbymanyothers.A.WhetherB.WhatC.ThatD.How（福建卷35）.Weshouldrespectfoodandthinkaboutthepeoplewhodon'thavewehavehereandtreatfoodnicely.A.thatB.whichC.what D.whether（湖南卷35）.Cindyshutthedoorheavilyandburstintotears.Nooneintheofficeknew shewassoangry.A.whereB.whetherC.thatD.why（江蘇卷35）.----IprefershuttingmyselfinandlisteningtomusicalldayonSundays.----That'sIdon'tagree.Youshouldhaveamoreactivelife.A.whereB.howC.whenD.what（遼寧卷34）.----It'snousehavingideasonly.----Don'tworry.Petercanshowyoutoturnanideaintoanact.A.howB.whoC.whatD.where（山東卷26）.Beforethesalesstart,Imakealistofmykidswillneedforthecomingseason.A.whyB.whatC.howD.which（陜西卷18）.Itneveroccurredtomeyoucouldsucceedinpersuadinghimtochangehismind.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.if（四川卷14）.Howmuchoneenjoyshimselftravellingdependslargelyonhegoeswith,whetherhisfriendsorrelatives.A.whatB.whoC.howD.why（天津卷14）.Asanewgraduate,hedoesn'tknowittakestostartabusinesshere.A.howB.whatC.whenD.which.（重慶卷25）.Toimprovethequalityofourproducts,weaskedforsuggestionshadusedtheproducts.A.whoeverB.whoC.whicheverD.which15.（浙江卷1）.--Howaboutcampingthisweekend,justforachange?--OK,__youwant.

A.whicheverB.howeverC.whateverD.whoeverA.whicheverB.howeverC.whateverD.whoever名詞性從句練習(xí)---IbelievewewillhaveagoodtimewithMissGreeninyourbirthdayparty.---Maybe.Butitisstillaquestion,youknow,shecansparetimetocome.AwhetherBwhenCthatDifAreadingroomisyoucanreadnewspapersandmagazinesaswellasbooks.AinwhichBthatCwhatDwhereTheword"media"referstowecommonlycallnewspapers,magazines,radiosandtelevisions.AwhichBthatCwhereDwhatAgunistoasoldierapenistoawriter.AasBlikeCwhatDthatIfIwereanyyounger,IwoulddoIaminterestedin.AnomatterwhatBwhateverCnomatterwhichDwhicheverThecouplearespendingtheirholidayonisdescribedasoneofthemostbeautifulislands.AthatBwhatCwhichDwhereItisknowncontrolstheflowofcarbondioxideinandoutoftheatmosphere.AthatBwhenCwhatDhowfashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfromoneaspect.AWhatBThatCWhichD/shecouldn'tunderstandwasfewerandfewerstudentsshowinterestinhislessons.AWhat;whyBThat;whyCWhat;becauseDThat;becauseTheplaceatwhichthebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbethetrafficistheheaviest,AwhenBwhichCwhereDinwhichPerseveranceisakindofquality---thatisittakestodoanythingwell.AwhatBthatCwhichDwhyWhatthedoctorsreallydoubtismymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdisease.AifBwhetherChowDwhenAstorygoesthequeenofthecountrylikedbeingsurroundedbycleverandqualifiednoblemenatcourt.AwhereBwhichCwhat Dthatyoudon'tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.AWhatBThat CWhetherCHowYoucan'timaginewhentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.Ahowtheywereexcited BhowexcitedtheywereChowexcitedwerethey DtheywerehowexcitedIwonderwecandoaboutit.Aif BhowCwhatDthatInordertoencouragethestudentstostudyhard,theschoolmasterwillgiveaprizetocomesfirstinthecompetition.AwhoeverBwhomeverCanyoneDnomatterwhoOurclassadviserdoesn'tdoubt,inanycase,wecanovercomethedifficultiesinourstudiesAhowBwhetherCthatDwhichItisnotexpectedhesaidcausedsomuchdiscussionatthemeeting.Athat B/CwhatDthatwhatAsfarasIknow,quiteafewcreaturesinthisfilmarenotrealatallandalotofhappensisoutof