新境界職業(yè)英語(yǔ)綜合教程2（精華版）課件

新境界職業(yè)英語(yǔ)綜合教程2（精華版）ppt課件1ApproachingWorkplaceWorkplaceCommunicationMiniTextTextGrammarReviewAppliedWritingSyndicateActivitiesApproachingWorkplaceWorkplace2Task1Discussthefollowingdiagramswithyourneighborandtellhowsaleshappenineachchannel.ApproachingWorkplaceBackTask1Discussthefollowingdi3BackThemanufacturersellsitsproductstowholesalers,andthenthewholesalersreselltheproductstoretailers,finallytheretailerssellstheproductstoconsumers.Themanufacturersellsitsproductsretailers,andthentheretailersresellthemtoconsumers.Themanufacturersellsitsproductsdirectlytoconsumers.BackThemanufacturersellsits4Workinpairsandanswerthefollowingquestions.1.Asaconsumer,whomdoyouusuallybuygoodsfrom?2.Canyoufindoutthedifferencesbetweenthethreedistributionchannels?Task2Iusuallybuygoodsfromtheretailer.DistributionChannel1:Themanufacturersellsitsproductsdirectlytoconsumers.DistributionChannel2:Themanufacturersellsitsproductsretailers,andthentheretailersresellthemtoconsumers.DistributionChannel3:Themanufacturersellsitsproductstowholesalers,andthenthewholesalersreselltheproductstoretailers,finallytheretailerssellstheproductstoconsumers.BackWorkinpairsandanswerthef53.Howdoestheretaileroperateasyouknow?4.Howdoesthewholesaleroperate?5.Ifyouwerethemanufacturer,whichchannelwouldyouliketouse?Why?Task2Iguesstheretailerpurchasesgoodsfromthemanufacturerandthensellsthemtotheconsumers.Ithinkthewholesalerpurchasesgoodsfromtheproducerandthenresellsthemtotheretailer.BackImaychoosethethirdchannelbecauseitcansavetimeandlabor.3.Howdoestheretaileropera6WorkplaceCommunicationBackWorkplaceCommunicationBack7Youwillhearfivestatements.Listentothemcarefullyandmatcheachstatementwiththecorrespondingpicture.Statements12345PicturesbadceBackYouwillhearfivestate8Listentothestatementsagainanddecidewhetherthesesentencesare“Right”or“Wrong”.Ifthereisnotenoughinformationtochoose“Right”or“Wrong”,choose“Notmentioned”.1.Wal-MartisanAmericanretailer,sellinggoodstoconsumersdirectly.a.Right.b.Wrong.c.Notmentioned.2.Asamodernwholesaler,Metroservesaboutonemillionretailersaroundtheworld.

a.Right.b.Wrong.c.Notmentioned.BackListentothestatements93.Unileversellsitsproductsdirectlytoconsumers.

a.Right. b.Wrong. c.Notmentioned.4.MostofconsumersbuytheirdailynecessitiesfromretailerssuchasCarrefour.

a.Right. b.Wrong. c.Notmentioned.5.7-Elevenisaninternationalretailingchainstore,serving24hoursonweekdays.

a.Right. b.Wrong. c.Notmentioned.ScriptsBack3.Unileversellsitsproducts10UsetheRightWordChoosetherightphrasefromtheboxandcompletethefollowingflowcharts.BackSellingActivitiesdistributeto sellto reselltopurchasefrom buyfromdistributestosellstoresellstoUsetheRightWordChoosether11UsetheRightWordChoosetherightphrasefromtheboxandcompletethefollowingflowcharts.Backdistributeto sellto reselltopurchasefrom buyfrombuyfrompurchasesfromBuyingActivitiespurchasesfromUsetheRightWordChoosether121.Wal-MartisanAmericanretailer,sellinggoodstoconsumersdirectly.2.Asamodernwholesaler,Sam’sClubservesaboutonemillionretailersaroundtheworld.3.Unileversellsitsproductstoconsumersthroughwholesalersandretailers.4.MostofconsumersbuytheirdailynecessitiesfromretailerssuchasCarrefour.5.7-Elevenisaninternationalretailingchainstore,serving24hoursaday.ScriptsBack1.Wal-MartisanAmericanret13ListeningInSituation:TomandMaryareemployeesfromafamoussmartphonemanufacturer.Theyaretalkingaboutthedistributionchannels.Listentothemodeldialogueandfillintheblankswithwhatyouhear.BackListeningInSituation:Tomand14ModelDialogueMary:Tom,couldyoutellmewhat___________________areusedmoreoftennowadays?Tom:Ithink,mainlytwochannels.Oneisthatthemanufacturer___________________consumersthroughretailers;theotheristhatgoodsaresoldthroughwholesalerstoretailers,andthentheretailersresellthemtoconsumers.Mary:Whatisthebenefitofthe_________________________?Tom:Youknow,withthewholesaler,themanufacturercansavealargeamountoftimeandlabor.Meanwhile,thewholesalercan_______________________andadministrationcostsforthemanufacturer.Mary:Yes.Thenwhatchannelsdoweuse?Tom:Weusebothofthem.65%ofourproductsaresoldthroughthe__________________and35%throughthewholesalechannel.Mary:Understood.Thanks.distributionchannelssellsgoodstosavestoragecostsretailchannelwholesalechannelBackModelDialogueMary:Tom,could15Listentothemodeldialogueagainandcheckyouranswers.Thenpracticethedialogueandtrytorole-playitwithyourpartner.Whenyourole-playit,youareexpectedtousetheMindMapbelow,butdoNOTlookatthemodeldialogue.SpeakingOutScriptsBackListentothemodeldialoguea16BackBack17Mary:Tom,couldyoutellmewhatdistributionchannelsareusedmoreoftennowadays?Tom:Ithink,mainlytwochannels.Oneisthatthemanufacturersellsgoodstoconsumersthroughretailers;theotheristhatgoodsaresoldthroughwholesalerstoretailers,andthentheretailersresellthemtoconsumers.Mary:Whatisthebenefitofthewholesalechannel?Tom:Youknow,withthewholesaler,themanufacturercansavealargeamountoftimeandlabor.Meanwhile,thewholesalercansavestoragecostsandadministrationcostsforthemanufacturer.Mary:Yes.Thenwhatchannelsdoweuse?Tom:Weusebothofthem.65%ofourproductsaresoldthroughtheretailchanneland35%throughthewholesalechannel.Mary:Understood.Thanks.ScriptsBackMary:Tom,couldyoutellmew18ListentothedialogueandfillinthemissinginformationonthefollowingMindMap.Situation:JennyisanemployeeinWal-Mart.SheistalkingwithherfriendMarkaboutWal-MartandSam’s.ListeningInBackListentothedialogueandfil198500Wal-MartstoresretailerwholesalerretailersBackdirectlytoconsumers8500Wal-Martretailerwholesale20Listentothedialogueagainandcheckyouranswers.Thenrole-playitwithyourpartnerbyusingtheaboveMindMap.SpeakingOutScriptsBackListentothedialogueagaina21Mark:Hi,Jenny,couldyoutellmewhat’sthedifferencebetweenWal-MartandSam’sClub?Jenny:Well…actually,Wal-MartandSam’sClubbelongtothesamecompanyWal-MartStoresInc.Wal-Martisabigretailer,whileSam’sisawholesaler.Mark:Thenwhat’sthedifferenceoftheircustomers?Jenny:Youknow,asSam’sClubisthewholesaler,itsellsgoodstoretailers,mainlysmallstores,whileasaretailerWal-Martsellsgoodsdirectlytoconsumers.Mark:Gotit!Whichhasmorechainstores,Sam’sorWal-Mart?Jenny:Ofcourse,Wal-Marthasmorechainstores.Thereareover8500Wal-Martstoresintheworld.Mark:Wow,that’samazing!ScriptsBackMark:Hi,Jenny,couldyoutel22Task1ReadthefollowingMiniTextandfindthewordorexpressionthatmatchesthecontextmeaninggiven.a)_______________:totakepartinaparticularactivityb)_______________:aconnectionmadebetweentwoormorethingsc)_______________:tolookaftersomeoned)_______________:ashop,business,oranorganizatione)_______________:apersonorcompanythatdoesbusinessforanotherpersonorcompanyf)_______________:apersonorcompanythatbuysthingsfromproducersandsellsthemtocustomersataprofitbeengagedinlinkageattendestablishmentagentmiddlemanMiniTextBackTask1ReadthefollowingMini23WholesalerandRetailerAwholesalerisatypeofmiddlemenbetweentheproducersandretailers.Theygenerallysellgoodstotheretailers,industrialconsumersandprofessionalusers.Therearetwotypesofwholesalerslikemanufactureragentsandmerchantwholesalers.Themanufactureragentsandmerchantwholesalerssellgoodsinsmallquantitiestotheretailerswhoservethefinalconsumers.Aretaileristhelastlinkageinthechannelofdistributionbetweentheproducersandtheconsumers.Theestablishmentengagedinsellinggoodsforpersonalconsumptionisknownasretailtrade.Theretailershaveclosecontactwiththecustomersorconsumersbecausetheyattendthempersonally.Retailingestablishmentisanoldagebusinessandisfoundineveryareaofthecountry.1Back2WordTipsNotesWholesalerandRetailer24Backmiddlemann.中間商，中間人agentn.代理商，代理人linkagen.聯(lián)系；關(guān)聯(lián)establishmentn.機(jī)構(gòu)；企業(yè)(be)engagedin從事；忙于consumptionn.消費(fèi)attendv.照顧；關(guān)注WordTipsNotesindustrialconsumer行業(yè)消費(fèi)戶professionaluser專業(yè)用戶manufactureragent廠家代理商merchantwholesaler商業(yè)批發(fā)商Backmiddlemann.中間商，中間人Wo25TranslationofMiniText批發(fā)商是一種生產(chǎn)商和零售商之間的中間商。他們通常出售商品給零售商、行業(yè)消費(fèi)戶和專業(yè)用戶。有兩種類型的批發(fā)商，如廠家代理商和商業(yè)批發(fā)商，他們小批量出售商品給零售商，而零售商為最終的消費(fèi)者服務(wù)。零售商是生產(chǎn)者和消費(fèi)者之間在分銷渠道上最后一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)。從事銷售商品供個(gè)人消費(fèi)的企業(yè)稱為零售業(yè)。零售商與顧客/消費(fèi)者有密切的接觸，他們親自照料顧客/消費(fèi)者。零售業(yè)是一項(xiàng)歷史悠久的業(yè)務(wù)，在國(guó)家的每一個(gè)地區(qū)都能找到。Back批發(fā)商和零售商TranslationofMiniText26WorkwithyourpartnerandanswerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtotheMiniText.Task2PairWork1.Whatisthewholesaler’srolebetweenproducersandretailers?

2.Whomdowholesalerssellgoodsto?Middleman.Wholesalerssellgoodstotheretailers,industrialconsumersandprofessionalusers.BackWorkwithyourpartnerandans27PairWork3.Howmanytypesofwholesalers?Whatarethey?

4.Whatisretailtradeengagedin?

5.Whydotheretailershaveclosecontactwiththecustomersorconsumers?Therearetwotypesofwholesalerslikemanufactureragentsandmerchantwholesalers.Retailtradeisengagedinsellinggoodsforpersonalconsumption.Becauseretailersattendcustomersorconsumerspersonally.BackPairWork3.Howmanytypesof28ReadingTextReadytoGo!ComprehensionTask1Task2TranslationTask1Task2VocabularyTask1Task2TextBackReadingTextReadytoGo!Compre29NewWordsconsumern.消費(fèi)者，用戶Manufacturern.制造商，廠商distributev.分送，配送wholesalern.批發(fā)商retailern.零售商resellv.轉(zhuǎn)售，再銷售situatev.使…位于resortn.度假地；游覽勝地obtainv.獲得occupyv.占用；占有warehousen.倉(cāng)庫(kù)，貨倉(cāng)cash-and-carryn.（可以進(jìn)行低價(jià)大宗購(gòu)物的）現(xiàn)付自運(yùn)商店criticismn.批評(píng)，批判；指責(zé)time-consumingadj.耗時(shí)的；花費(fèi)大量時(shí)間的channelv.輸送；傳送administrationn.管理；經(jīng)營(yíng)reductionn.減少，縮??；降低NewWordsconsumern.消費(fèi)者，用戶Manuf30generalstore雜貨店placeone’sorder下訂單，訂貨comeinfor遭到（批評(píng)等）resultfrom源于；因…而發(fā)生intermsof就…而言；在…方面

PhrasesandExpressionsgeneralstore雜貨店placeone’sor31Readytogo!DistributionChannelsI.Twowaysforamanufacturertodistributegoods:A.directlytothefinalconsumer;B.throughwholesalersor__________________________①.II.Roy’swaysofdealingwithwholesalers:A.toplacehisorderswith__________________________②;B.tovisitwholesalewarehousesandbuygoodsinthewayofcash-and-carry.Skimthetextforthekeypointsandfillintheoutlinewithnecessaryinformation.retailerswholesalers’salesrepsReadingTextBackReadytogo!DistributionChann32Readytogo!III.WholesalersRole:amiddlemanbetween_________________________③;

Criticism(Disadvantage):____________________________④;

Advantages:1.tosavetimeandlaborforretailers;2.tosavetransportcostsandadministrationcostsfor______________________________⑤;3.tosavewarehouserentandlaborcostsbothformanufacturersandretailers.manufacturersandretailersTheyincreasecostsofgoodsmanufacturersReadingTextBackReadytogo!III.Wholesalersma33

DistributionChannelsGoodsreachtheconsumerbyanumberofroutes.Amanufacturercandistributethegoodstothefinalconsumersdirectly,orthroughwholesalers,orretailers.Wholesalerspurchasegoodsfrommanufacturersandthenresellthem,oftentoretailers.Retailerssellgoodstothefinalconsumers.

RoyGoldmanownsageneralstoresituatedinabusyholidayresortintheSouthofEngland.Asaretailer,Roysellsawiderangeofgoods.Althoughtheshopisaverybusyone,Roydoesnotstocklargequantitiesofanyonetypeofgoods,andthismeansthatheobtainsfewofhisgoodsdirectfromthemanufacturer.1212Back3DistributionChannels34

Infact,mostofRoy’sordersareplacedwithwholesalers.Thewholesaleroccupiesaplacebetweenthemanufacturerandretailerandisthereforesometimesknownasa“middleman”.Roydealswithwholesalersinanumberofdifferentways;insomecases,particularlyfortobacco,cigarettes,sweetsandchocolate,heplaceshisorderswithwholesalers’salesrepswhovisithisshopfromtimetotime.Forothergoodshewillvisitwholesalewarehouses,selectwhathefeelswillsellwellandthenplaceorders.Astheterm“cash-and-carry”suggests,hepaysforthegoodsandtakesthemawayonthesameday.

Wholesalershavecomeinforcriticismbecausesomearguethattheyincreasecostsofgoodssincetheyoccupyastageintheprocessofgoodsreachingtheconsumers.Infact,theyplayanimportantpartintheprocessofgoodsdistribution.34Back4567Infact,mos35

Retailersmaywishtoordergoodsfromlargenumbersofmanufacturersandthiswouldsurelybeverytime-consuming.Bychannelingordersthroughawholesaler,theretailerneedstocontactonlyonesourceformostofhisgoods.Ontheotherhand,bysellingalotofgoodstoonesource,themanufacturercansavetransportcostsandadministrationcosts.Thefollowingfigureshowsthereductioninthenumberofcontactswhichresultsfromthepresenceofawholesaler,andhowawholesalerhelpsmanufacturerssavetransportandadministrativecosts.589MMRRRMMRRRWholesalerM—ManufacturersR—RetailersBackRetailersmaywisht36

76Asmentionedabove,Roydoesnotstocklargequantitiesofanyonetypeofgoodsandoftengoestothewholesalewarehousesforhisgoods,andthismeansthewholesalerwilloftenstorehisgoodsinwarehouses.Theseareexpensiveintermsofrentandlaborandthesecostsarealsosavedbytheretailerandmanufacturer.Thewholesalerprovidesonelinkinthechainofgoodsdistribution.Aswehaveseen,thewholesalerperformsimportantfunctionsforbothmanufacturersandretailers.Heispaidfortheseservices,thoughthesepaymentsaddtocosts.7Back76Asmentionedabove37LanguagePoints1.(Para.2)RoyGoldmanownsageneralstoresituatedinabusyholidayresortintheSouthofEngland.situate:v.toputsomethinginaparticularplace使…位于e.g.Thehouseissituatedonasmallhill.那座房子座落在一座小山上。

Wesituatedourselvesintheseatsnearesttheexit.我們坐在離出口最近的位置。StructureAnalysis:“situatedin”isapastparticiplephraseusedasattributive,modifyinggeneralstore.Translation:羅伊?戈德曼擁有一家雜貨鋪，位于英格蘭南部一個(gè)繁忙的度假勝地。Back(Theend)LanguagePoints1.(Para.2)Ro38LanguagePoints2.(Para.2)Asaretailer,Roysellsawiderangeofgoods.awiderangeof:awidevarietyof范圍廣泛的，各式各樣的e.g.Thehoteloffersitsguestsawidevarietyofamusements.這個(gè)旅館為住客提供了各種各樣的娛樂(lè)活動(dòng)。Translation:作為零售商，羅伊銷售的貨物種類很多。Back(Theend)LanguagePoints2.(Para.2)A39LanguagePoints3.(Para.2)Roydoesnotstocklargequantitiesofanyonetypeofgoodsandthismeansthatheobtainsfewofhisgoodsdirectfromthemanufacturer.alargequantityof:大量的

e.g.Thefactoryturnsoutalargequantityofpaperproducts.這家工廠生產(chǎn)大量的紙制品。direct:adv.inawaythatinvolvesonlythetwopeopleorthingsmentioned,withnooneornothingelsecominginbetween直接地e.g.Itcostslessifyoubuyitdirectfromthemanufacturer.從生產(chǎn)商處直接進(jìn)貨的花費(fèi)會(huì)少一些。(Tobecontinued)BackLanguagePoints3.(Para.2)Ro40LanguagePointsStructureAnalysis:“thatheobtains…themanufacturer”isanobjectclause,usedastheobjectofmeans.“directfromthemanufacturer”isanadverbphrase,usedasanadverbialofmanner.Translation:羅伊不會(huì)大量囤積任何一種商品，這意味著他很少?gòu)纳a(chǎn)商處直接進(jìn)貨。(Theend)BackLanguagePointsStructureAnaly41LanguagePoints4.(Para.3)Infact,mostofRoy’sordersareplaced

withwholesalers.placeanorderwithsb.:makearequestforproductswithsb.向某人訂貨e.g.I’dliketoplaceanorderforsometeawithyou.我想從貴公司訂購(gòu)一些茶葉。StructureAnalysis:Passivevoiceisusedinthesentence.Itmeans“Infact,Royplacesmostofhisorderswithwholesalers.”Translation:事實(shí)上，羅伊大部分的商品是向批發(fā)商訂購(gòu)的。Back(Theend)LanguagePoints4.(Para.3)In42LanguagePoints5.(Para.3)Thewholesaleroccupiesaplacebetweenmanufacturerandretailerandisthereforesometimesknownasa“middleman”.beknownas:beregarded/namedas被認(rèn)為是，被稱為e.g.Mr.Johnsonwasknownasawalkingdictionary.約翰遜先生被稱作一本活字典。Translation:批發(fā)商所占的位置在生產(chǎn)商和零售商之間，因此有時(shí)被人稱為“中間人”。Back(Theend)LanguagePoints5.(Para.3)Th43LanguagePoints6.(Para.3)Astheterm“cash-and-carry”suggests,hepaysforthegoodsandtakesthemawayonthesameday.cash-and-carry:alargeshopwherepeoplecanbuylargeamountsofgoodsatacheapprice,oftensothattheycanthensellthemintheirownshops現(xiàn)付自運(yùn)批發(fā)商場(chǎng)e.g.ThecustomersofCash&Carrystorescanapplyforamembershipcardtogetdiscounts.現(xiàn)購(gòu)自運(yùn)批發(fā)商場(chǎng)的顧客可以申辦會(huì)員卡，獲得打折優(yōu)惠待遇。(Tobecontinued)BackLanguagePoints6.(Para.3)As44LanguagePointsStructureAnalysis:“as”isarelativepronoun,introducinganon-restrictiveattributiveclause,modifyingtheantecedenthepaysforthegoodsandtakesthemawayonthesameday.Translation:正如“現(xiàn)付自運(yùn)”這個(gè)商用語(yǔ)表達(dá)的意思那樣，他支付現(xiàn)款購(gòu)貨，當(dāng)天把貨提走。(Theend)BackLanguagePointsStructureAnaly45LanguagePoints7.(Para.4)Wholesalershavecomeinforcriticismbecausesomearguethattheyincreasecostsofgoodssincetheyoccupyastageintheprocessofgoodsreachingtheconsumer.comeinfor:toreceivesomethingsuchascriticism遭到（批評(píng)等）e.g.Thedirectorhascomeinforalotofcriticismoverhishandlingoftheaffair.主管處理這次事務(wù)的方式遭到了很多批評(píng)。(Tobecontinued)BackLanguagePoints7.(Para.4)Wh46LanguagePointsStructureAnalysis:Thisisacomplexsentenceincludinganadverbialclauseofreasonintroducedby“because”.Theadverbialclauseincludesasub-adverbialclauseofreasonintroducedby“since”,modifyingtheobjectclause“theyincreasecostsofgoods”.Translation:批發(fā)商受到批評(píng)，因?yàn)橛腥颂岢觯谪浳锏竭_(dá)消費(fèi)者的過(guò)程中批發(fā)商占據(jù)了一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)，從而提高了貨物的成本。(Theend)BackLanguagePointsStructureAnaly47LanguagePoints8.(Para.5)Bychannelingordersthroughawholesaler,theretailerneedstocontactonlyonesourceformostofhisgoods.channel:v.tomakesomethingfollowaparticularsystem輸送；傳送e.g.Allinformationoncoursesischanneledthroughtheadmissionsoffice.

關(guān)于課程的所有信息都通過(guò)招生辦公室發(fā)布出去。StructureAnalysis:“Bychannelingordersthroughawholesaler”isaprepositionalphrase,usedasanadverbialofmanner.Translation:通過(guò)批發(fā)商渠道下訂單，零售商只需和一個(gè)供貨來(lái)源（批發(fā)商）聯(lián)系，就可以訂購(gòu)大部分商品。Back(Theend)LanguagePoints8.(Para.5)By48LanguagePoints9.(Para.5)Thefollowingfigureshowsthereductioninthenumberofcontactswhichresultsfromthepresenceofawholesaler…resultfrom:tohappenorexistbecausesomethingelsehashappened源于；因…而發(fā)生e.g.Greatdangerscanresultfrommisconceivingoftheenemy’sintentions.錯(cuò)誤地估計(jì)敵人的意圖就會(huì)招致巨大的危險(xiǎn)。

Hisillnessresultedfrombadfood.他的病是由于吃了變質(zhì)的食物所致。(Tobecontinued)BackLanguagePoints9.(Para.5)Th49LanguagePointsStructureAnalysis:“which”istointroduceanattributiveclause,modifyingtheantecedentthereduction.Translation:下面的圖表表明批發(fā)商的存在減少了(生產(chǎn)商與零售商)聯(lián)系的次數(shù)…(Theend)BackLanguagePointsStructureAnaly50TranslationofText分銷渠道Para.1商品通過(guò)若干線路中的一條到達(dá)消費(fèi)者。生產(chǎn)商可以直接或者通過(guò)零售商、批發(fā)商分銷商品給最終消費(fèi)者。批發(fā)商通常從生產(chǎn)商那里購(gòu)買商品，然后再銷售出去，通常是銷售給零售商。零售商向最終消費(fèi)者銷售商品。Para.2羅伊·戈德曼擁有一家雜貨鋪，位于英格蘭南部一個(gè)繁忙的度假勝地。羅伊銷售的商品范圍很廣泛。盡管商店生意興隆，但羅伊不會(huì)大量囤積任何一種商品，這意味著他很少?gòu)纳a(chǎn)商那里直接進(jìn)貨。BackTranslationofText分銷渠道51TranslationofTextPara.3事實(shí)上，他大部分商品是向批發(fā)商訂購(gòu)的。批發(fā)商的位置處于生產(chǎn)商和零售商之間，因此有時(shí)被人稱為“中間人”。羅伊和批發(fā)商打交道有多種不同的方式。在有些情況下，特別是購(gòu)買煙卷及其它煙草制品、糖果和巧克力時(shí)，他向批發(fā)商銷售代表訂貨，這些銷售代表不時(shí)到他商店來(lái)。對(duì)其它商品，羅伊常親自到批發(fā)商的倉(cāng)庫(kù)去，挑選他心目中的暢銷品，然后訂貨。正如“現(xiàn)付自運(yùn)”這個(gè)名稱所表明的那樣，羅伊付現(xiàn)款購(gòu)貨，當(dāng)天把貨提走。Para.4批發(fā)商受到批評(píng)，因?yàn)橛腥颂岢?，在貨物到達(dá)消費(fèi)者的過(guò)程中批發(fā)商占據(jù)了一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)，從而提高了貨物的成本。事實(shí)上，在分銷的過(guò)程中批發(fā)商起著重要的作用。BackTranslationofTextPar52TranslationofText

Para.5零售商可能希望向眾多的生產(chǎn)商訂貨，這肯定是很費(fèi)時(shí)的。通過(guò)批發(fā)商渠道下訂單，零售商只需和一個(gè)供貨來(lái)源（批發(fā)商）聯(lián)系，就可以訂購(gòu)大部分商品。另一方面，通過(guò)向一個(gè)供貨來(lái)源售出許多商品，生產(chǎn)商可以節(jié)省運(yùn)輸和管理費(fèi)用。下面的圖表顯示批發(fā)商的存在減少了（生產(chǎn)商與零售商）聯(lián)系的次數(shù)和批發(fā)商如何節(jié)省運(yùn)輸和管理費(fèi)用。Back生生零零零生生零零零批發(fā)商[生—生產(chǎn)商零—零售商]TranslationofTextPara.53TranslationofTextPara.6如前所述，羅伊無(wú)論對(duì)哪種商品都不大量存貨，同時(shí)經(jīng)常到批發(fā)商倉(cāng)庫(kù)進(jìn)貨。這意味著批發(fā)商會(huì)經(jīng)常把商品存在倉(cāng)庫(kù)里。租金和人工的費(fèi)用是昂貴的，而生產(chǎn)商和零售商卻節(jié)省了這些費(fèi)用。Para.7批發(fā)商為商品分銷鏈添了一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)。正如我們所見(jiàn)，批發(fā)商在生產(chǎn)商和零售商之間起到了至關(guān)重要的作用。批發(fā)商也因此獲得了應(yīng)得的酬勞，雖然這些支付增加了成本。BackTranslationofTextPa54Task11.Howdoesamanufacturerdistributethegoodstothefinalconsumers?

2.HowdoesRoydealwiththewholesalers?ComprehensionWorkinpairsandanswerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtotheText.Amanufacturercandistributethegoodstothefinalconsumersdirectly,orthroughretailersand/orwholesalers.Heplaceshisorderswithwholesalers’salesrepswhovisithisshopfromtimetotime,orvisitwholesalewarehousesanddocash-and-carry.BackTask11.Howdoesamanufactur55Task13.Whatisthewholesaler’sroleinthedistributionchannel?

4.What’sthecriticismforwholesalers?ComprehensionAwholesalerisamiddlemanbetweenmanufacturersandretailers.Hepurchasegoodsfrommanufacturersandresellthemtoretailers.Somepeoplesaywholesalersincreasecostsofgoods.BackTask13.Whatisthewholesale56Task15.Whataretheadvantagesofwholesalers?ComprehensionTheyhavethreeadvantages:1)tosavetimeandlaborforretailers;2)tosavetransportcostsandadministrationcostsformanufacturers;3)tosavewarehouserentandlaborcostsbothformanufacturersandretailers.BackTask15.Whataretheadvantag57Task21.Whomdothewholesalersoftenresellgoodsto?a.Finalconsumers. b.Retailers. c.Manufacturers. d.Roy. 2.Whatisthecontextmeaningoftheunderlinedwordin“thismeansthatheobtainsfewofhisgoodsdirectfromthemanufacturer”?a.sells b.resells c.buys d.distributesComprehensionChoosethebestanswertothefollowingquestions.BackTask21.Whomdothewholesale583.Whyisthewholesalersometimesknownasa“middleman”?a.Becausethewholesalerwilloftenstorehisgoodsinwarehouses.b.Becausethewholesalerincreasescostsofgoods.c.Becausethewholesaleroccupiesaplacebetweenthemanufacturerandretailer.d.Becausethewholesalerisveryimportant.4.Bychannelingordersthroughawholesaler,howmanysourcesdoestheretailerneedtocontactformostofhisgoods?a.Two. b.Several. c.Onlyone. d.Notmentioned.BackTask2Comprehension3.Whyisthewholesalersomet595.Whatwillhappentothenumberofbusinesscontactswithoutthepresenceofawholesaler?a.Nochange. b.Reduced. c.Increased. d.Unknown.6.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardswholesalers?a.Positive. b.Negative. c.Suspicious. d.Dissatisfied.BackTask2Comprehension5.Whatwillhappentothenum60MakingDistributionModelsSyndicateActivitiesBackWorkingroups.Discusstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofdirectsalesandindirectsales,andthencompletetheformbelow.ActionOneNote:IndirectSalesreferstoamanufacturer’ssellinganddistributingproductsorservicesbyathird-party,suchasadistributororwholesaler,ratherthanacompany’spersonnel.MakingDistributionModelsSynd61BackDistributionMethodsAdvantagesDisadvantagesDirectSales●bettercustomerservice;●betterimplementationofpricepolicy;●bettercontrolofmarket;●betterunderstandingofcustomerneedsasclosertomarket●betterfeedbackfrommarket&customers●developbusinessslower●increasecompanycashcost;●increasetransportcosts&administrationcosts●increasewarehouserent&labor●increasepersonnelandequipmentcostActionOneBackDistributionAdvantagesDis62BackDistributionMethodsAdvantagesDisadvantagesIndirectSales●helpoperatebusinessonalargerscaleandgainmoremarketshare;●helpexpandbusinessfaster;●savetransportcosts&administrationcostsforthemanufacturer;●savewarehouserent&laborfortheretailerandmanufacturer;●businessesdon’thavetoemploymorestafforbearmorepersonnelcosts●increasecostsofgoods;easilylosecontroloverprice;●mayofferpoorercustomerservice;●leadtoworsecompetitionifnotmanagedwellBackDistributionAdvantagesDis63ActionTwoBackKoofoodisacompanythatmakessnackfoods(休閑食品)includingpotatochips,sweetsandbiscuits.Thecompanystartedupthreeyearsago,andthebusinessisgrowingquitewell.Nowthecompanywantstodevelopquicklyandgainmoremarketshare.Theywanttochangetheirexistingdirectsalesmodelintoanewdistributionmodel,inwhichtheykeepdirectsalestosomekeyaccountsandusewholesalerstoservemostofretailers.CompanyProfileWorkingroupsandmakeanewdistributionmodelforKoofoodCompanyaccordingtothefollowingcompanyprofile.ActionTwoBackKoofoodisacom64ActionTwoBackKoofood’sExistingDistributionModelActionTwoBackKoofood’sExisti65ActionTwoBackKoofood’sNewDistributionModelWholesalersSmallStoresOnlineShopsKeyAccounts(SuperStores)KoofoodCompanyConsumersConsumersConsumersConsumersChainConvenienceStoresWholesalersActionTwoBackKoofood’sNewDi66Task1Vocabula