ACT各單項(xiàng)介紹-ACT閱讀-主旨題課件

一.主旨的定義主旨=主題（KW）+方向（正負(fù)感情色彩）+關(guān)系詞（邏輯）一.主旨的定義主旨=主題（KW）一.主旨的定義Whyyoumaywondershouldspidersbeourfriends?Becausetheydestroysomanyinsects,andinsectsincludesomeofthegreatestenemiesofthehumanrace.Insectswouldmakeitimpossibleforustoliveintheworld.Theywoulddevourallourcrops,andkillourflocksandherds,ifitwerenotfortheprotectionwegetfrominsect-eatinganimals.

一.主旨的定義WhyyoumaywondershoWeowealottothebirdsandbeastswhoeatinsectsbutallofthemputtogetherkillonlyafractionofthenumberdestroyedbyspiders.Moreover,unlikesomeoftheotherinsect-eaters,spidersneverdotheleastharmtousorourbelongings.Weowealottothebirdsand一.主旨的定義“主題”是這段話講的事物（spiders）“方向”是該事物是好是壞（friends）“關(guān)系詞”是維持或者改變方向的標(biāo)志（Because、and和Moreover）。一.主旨的定義“主題”是這段話講的事物（spiders）二.如何掌握主旨錯(cuò)誤方法：勻速閱讀，精讀每個(gè)單詞和句子正確方法：變速閱讀，先慢后快二.如何掌握主旨錯(cuò)誤方法：二.如何掌握主旨漢語族人的思維方式是“螺旋式”的，喜歡畫龍點(diǎn)睛，“Savethebestforthelast”。英語族人的思維方式是“直線式”的，喜歡直入主題，“Saywhatyouwanttosay,thensaywhy”。70%-80%的英語段落都是首句是主題句二.如何掌握主旨漢語族人的思維方式是“螺旋式”的，喜歡畫龍二.如何掌握主旨變速閱讀：精讀首句（把握首句的“主題”和“方向”）瀏覽全段（把握全段的“關(guān)系詞”），二.如何掌握主旨變速閱讀：二.如何掌握主旨

Alltheseactivitiesmayhavedamagingenvironmentalimpacts.Forexample,landclearingforagricultureisthelargestsinglecauseofdeforestation;chemicalfertilizersandpesticidesmaycontaminatewatersupplies;moreintensivefarmingandtheabandonmentoffallowperiodstendtoexacerbatesoilerosion;

二.如何掌握主旨Alltheseactivities二.如何掌握主旨andthespreadofmonocultureanduseofhigh-yieldingvarietiesofcropshavebeenaccompaniedbythedisappearanceofoldvarietiesoffoodplantswhichmighthaveprovidedsomeinsuranceagainstpestsordiseasesinfuture.二.如何掌握主旨andthespreadofmon二.如何掌握主旨精讀首句：主題是“environmentalimpacts”方向是“damaging”（負(fù)向）瀏覽全段關(guān)系詞：Forexample及四個(gè)并列的分句維持著首句的方向。主旨：“環(huán)境影響是破壞性的”二.如何掌握主旨精讀首句：二.如何掌握主旨Dramaissometimesseenasabranchofliterature

becauseplays，likeliterature,areoftenprintedinbookform.However,thereisanimportantdifferencebetweenthetwoforms.Unlikeanovel，aplayiswrittentobeperformed,andthescriptofaplayisnotafinishedwork；itisanoutlineforaperformance.二.如何掌握主旨Dramaissometimesse二.如何掌握主旨Thephysicalproductionoftheplay--thescenery,lighting，andcostumes--willaffecttheperformance,andsowilltheactors.Howtheactorsinterprettheirrolesgreatlyinfluencestheplay’seffectontheaudience.二.如何掌握主旨Thephysicalproducti二.如何掌握主旨精讀首句：主題是“drama”和“l(fā)iterature”方向是“abranch”主旨是“戲劇與文學(xué)的相同點(diǎn)”因果關(guān)系詞because和類比關(guān)系詞like都是維持方向的。

二.如何掌握主旨精讀首句：二.如何掌握主旨瀏覽全段：轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系詞：However和unlike說明方向發(fā)生了改變主旨：“戲劇與文學(xué)是不同的”。（第二句）二.如何掌握主旨瀏覽全段：二.如何掌握主旨Mother,whowantedtokeepher,alwaysthoughtsofherassomewildlittlebird,butIknewshewasahomingpigeon.Iknewthatatsomepointinherflightpath,soonerorlater,shewouldmakeaU-turn.Asortofhumanboomerang.二.如何掌握主旨Mother,whowantedto二.如何掌握主旨SoeventhoughIhadlongsincestoppedexpectingit,IwasnotsurprisedwhenIwalkeddownthegraveldrivetothemailbox,whichI’dpaintedpapayayellowtoattractgoodnews,andfoundtheflimsyenvelopewiththeDallaspostmark.二.如何掌握主旨SoeventhoughIhad主旨題1.內(nèi)容性主旨題2.目的性主旨題主旨題1.內(nèi)容性主旨題內(nèi)容性主旨題如果文章有明顯主題句，則對其作同義替換新老觀點(diǎn)對比型：新觀點(diǎn)為主題句現(xiàn)象解釋型：正確解釋為主題句問題解決型：正確的解決方法為主題句結(jié)論解釋型：開頭的結(jié)論為主題句內(nèi)容性主旨題如果文章有明顯主題句，則對其作同義替換內(nèi)容性主旨題如果無明確的主題句，則使用三出現(xiàn)原則。1.KW必須出現(xiàn)2.細(xì)節(jié)不能出現(xiàn)3.新內(nèi)容（文中未提到）不能出現(xiàn)內(nèi)容性主旨題如果無明確的主題句，則使用三出現(xiàn)原則。新老觀點(diǎn)對比型(468)Traditionally,manufacturershaven’thadto

worryaboutwhathappenstoaproductafteritleavestheirgates.Butthatisstartingtochange,thankstolawsnowinthewingsinEurope(andheadedfortheUnitedStates)thatwillrequirecompaniestotakebacktheirdurablegoodssuchasrefrigerators,washers,andcarsattheendoftheirusefullives.新老觀點(diǎn)對比型(468)Traditionally,man新老觀點(diǎn)對比型(468)InGermany,thetake-backlawsstartwiththeinitialsale.Companiesmusttakebackalltheirpackagingorhiremiddlementodotherecycling.Take-backlawsmeanthatmanufacturerswhohavebeensaying,“Thisproductcanberecycled,”mustnowsay,“Werecycleourproductsandpackaging.”新老觀點(diǎn)對比型(468)InGermany,theta現(xiàn)象解釋型(472)ResearchershavesuggestedmanyscenariosfortheMartianapocalypse.SomehaveproposedthatthesungraduallywhittledawayMars’atmospherewithitswindofchargedparticles.Othershavehypothesizedthattheplanetitselfabsorbedmostofitsatmosphere,turningcarbondioxideintocarbonaterocks.現(xiàn)象解釋型(472)Researchershavesug現(xiàn)象解釋型(472)Forthepastsevenyears,however,AnnVickeryandJayMelosh,twoplanetaryscientistsfromtheUniversityofArizona,havebeenexploringafarmorespectacularending:mostofMars’atmosphere,theysuggest,wasblastedawaybyasuccessionofasteroidsandcomets.現(xiàn)象解釋型(472)Forthepastseveny結(jié)論解釋型(186)Theremarkablethingaboutdinosaursisnotthattheybecameextinct,butthatthey

dominatedtheearthforsolong.Dinosaursheldswayfor100millionyearswhilemammals,allthewhile,livedassmallanimalsintheintersticesoftheirworld.After70millionyearsontop,wemammalshaveanexcelle