2023年高等教育教育類自考-00830現(xiàn)代語言學考試歷年重點考核試題含答案

2023年高等教育教育類自考-00830現(xiàn)代語言學考試歷年重點考核試題含答案（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）第1卷一.參考題庫(共50題)1.Thesmallestmeaningfulunitoflanguageis（）.A、rootB、affixC、stemD、morpheme2.Phonologicalrulesmaymovephonemesfromoneplaceinthestringtoanother.Forexample，ModernEnglishverbaskwasOldEnglishaskian，withthe/k/precedingthe/s/.Soundchangeasaresultofsoundmovementisknownasm（）.3.Theterm（）linguisticsmaybedefinedasawayofreferringtotheapproachwhichstudieslanguagechangeovervariousperiodsoftimeandatvarioushistoricalstages.A、synchronicB、diachronicC、comparativeD、historicalcomparative4.Ifachildisdeprivedoflinguisticenvironment，heorsheisunlikelytolearnalanguagesuccessfullylateron.5.Languageisarbitraryinthatthereisnologicalconnectionbetweenmeaningsand（）.A、wordsB、soundsC、objectsD、ideas6.Whatarethesenserelationsbetweensentences?7.Consonantsoundscanbeeither（）or（）,whileallvowelsoundsare（）.8.Thefactthatdifferentlanguageshavedifferentwordsforthesameobjectisgoodproofthathumanlanguageis（）.A、arbitraryB、non-arbitraryC、logicalD、non-productive9.Thatthedenialofonememberoftwowordsimpliestheassertionoftheotheristhecharacteristicofc（）antonyms.10.Therelationshipbetweentheembeddedclauseanditsmatrixclauseisoneofaparttothewhole.11.Ac（）sentencecontainstwoormoreclauses，oneofwhichisincorporatedintheother.12.Ageneraldifferencebetweenphoneticsandphonologyisthatphoneticsisfocusedontheproductionofspeechsoundswhilephonologyismoreconcernedwithhowspeechsoundsdistinguishmeaning.13.Languageandthoughtmaybeviewedastwoindependentcirclesoverlappinginsomeparts.Whenlanguageandthoughtareidenticalorcloselyparalleltoeachother，wemayregardthoughtas“subvocalspeech，”andspeechas“（）”.A、vocalthoughtB、subvocalthoughtC、covertthoughtD、overtthought14.Predicationanalysisisawaytoanalyze（）meaning.A、phonemeB、wordC、phraseD、sentence15.culturaltransmission(asadesignfeatureofhumanlanguage)16.Senseisconcernedwiththe（）meaningofthelinguisticform.A、contextualB、realC、behavioristD、inherent17.ThefamousquotationfromShakespeare’splay“RomeoandJuliet”:“Arosebyanyothernamewouldsmellassweet”wellillustrates（）.A、theconventionalnatureoflanguageB、thecreativenatureoflanguageC、theuniversalityoflanguageD、thebigdifferencebetweenhumanlanguageandanimalcommunication18.subvocalspeech19.Thebrain’sneurologicalspecializationforlanguageiscalledlinguisticI（），whichisspecifictohumanbeings.20.acculturation21.generallinguistics22.InEnglish，longvowelsarealsotensevowelsbecausewhenwepronouncealongvowelsuchas/i：/，thelarynxisinastateoftension.23.Whatisidiolect?24.Theword“photographically”ismadeupof4morphemes.25.Awordwithseveralmeaningsiscalled（）word.A、apolysemousB、asynonymousC、anabnormalD、amultiple26.phonicmediumoflanguage27.Whatarethemajordistinctionsbetweenlangueandparole?28.Thegreatsourceofmodificationoftheairstreamisfoundinthe（）cavity.A、nasalB、oralC、lungD、glottis29.Asentenceisastructurallyindependentunitthatusuallycomprisesanumberof（）toformacompletestatement,（）orcommand.30.Intermsoftheplaceofarticulation,thefollowingsounds[t][d][s][z][n]sharethefeatureof（）.A、palatalB、alveolarC、bilabialD、dental31.Language32.“Thestudent”inthesentence“Thestudentlikedthelinguisticlecture”,and“Thelinguisticlecture”inthesentence“Thelinguisticlecturelikedthestudent.”belongtothesamesyntacticcategory.33.AccordingtoSearle，thoseillocutionaryactswhosepointistocommitthespeakertosomefuturecourseofactionarecalled（）.A、commisivesB、directivesC、expressivesD、declaratives34.Lyingundertheskull,thehumanbraincontainsanaverageofthetenbillionnervecellscalled（）.A、neuronsB、nervesystemC、nervesD、cerebralcortex35.（）morphemesarethosethatcannotbeusedindependentlybuthavetobecombinedwithothermorphemes,eitherfreeorbound,toformaword.A、FreeB、BoundC、RootD、Affix36.rootandstem37.（）languagebelongstotheSino-TibetanFamily.A、EnglishB、SpanishC、IndianD、Chinese38.Languagereflectssexisminsociety.Languageitselfisnotsexist，justasitisnotobscene;butitcanconnotesexistattitudesaswellasattitudesaboutsocialtaboosorracism.39.Thewayinwhichpeopleaddresseachotherdependsontheirage,sex,socialgroupandpersonalrelationship.TheEnglishsystemofaddressformsfrequentlyusedincludesfirstname,lastname,title+lastname,（）,andkinterm.A、title+firstnameB、title+titleC、titlealoneD、firstname+lastname+title40.Itisthe（）onCaseassignmentthatstatesthataCaseassignorandaCaserecipientshouldstayadjacenttoeachother.A、CaseConditionB、parameterC、AdjacentConditionD、AdjacentParameter41.Animportantdifferencebetweenpresuppositionandentailmentisthatpresupposition，unlikeentailment，isnotvulnerabletonegation.Thatistosay,ifasentenceisnegated,theoriginalpresuppositionisstilltrue.42.blending43.“Thestudent”inthesentence“Thestudentlikedthelinguisticlecture.”，and“Thelinguisticlecture”inthesentence“Thelinguisticlecturelikedthestudent.”belongtothesamesyntacticcategory.44.Ofthethreebranchesofphonetics,thelongestestablished,anduntilrecentlythemosthighlydeveloped,is（）phonetics.A、auditoryB、acousticC、articulatoryD、noneoftheabovethree45.Whatarethedesignfeaturesoflanguage?46.Whatisthedistinctionbetweencompetenceandperformance?47.Tenseandreferencearetwotermsoftenencounteredinthestudyofmeaning.48.Accordingtothewaysantonymsdiffer,howmanygroupscanweclassifyantonymsinto?49.Semanticsisthemainpartoflinguistics.50.Clear[1]anddark[?]areallophonesofthesameonephoneme/1/.Theynevertakethesamepositioninsoundcombinations，thustheyaresaidtobeinc（）distribution.第1卷參考答案一.參考題庫1.正確答案:D2.正確答案:metathesis3.正確答案:B4.正確答案:正確5.正確答案:B6.正確答案: Senserelationsbetweensentences: 1)XissynonymouswithY. 2)XisinconsistentwithY. 3)XentailsY.(YisanentailmentofX.) 4)XpresupposesY.(YisaprerequisiteofX) 5)Xisacontradiction. 6)Xissemanticallyanomalous.7.正確答案:voiceless；voiced；voiced8.正確答案:A9.正確答案:complementary10.正確答案:正確11.正確答案:complex12.正確答案:正確13.正確答案:D14.正確答案:D15.正確答案:Oneofthemajordefiningfeaturesofhumanlanguage.Humansarebornwiththeabilitytoacquirealanguage，butdifferentfromanimals，theactualuseofhumanlanguageisnotgeneticallytransmitted，ratheritisculturallytransmitted，i.e.ithastobetaughtandlearnt.16.正確答案:D17.正確答案:A18.正確答案:Thoughtwhenitisclosetolanguage.19.正確答案:lateralization20.正確答案:Acculturationreferstoaprocessofadaptingtothecultureandvaluesystemofthesecondlanguagecommunity.21.正確答案:Thestudyoflanguageasawholeisoftencalledgenerallinguistics.22.正確答案:正確23.正確答案: Whenanindividualspeaks,whatisactuallyproducedisauniquelanguagesystemofthespeaker,expressedwithintheoverallsystemofaparticularlanguage.Suchapersonaldialectisreferredtoasidiolect.24.正確答案:正確25.正確答案:A26.正確答案:Thelimitedrangeofsoundsthatareusedinhumanlanguagecommunication，i.e.thespeechsounds.Voicingisaphoneticfeatureofsomesounds.Itiscausedbythevibrationofthevocalcords.27.正確答案:Languereferstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity,andparolereferstotherealizationoflangueinactualuse.Langueisthesetofconventionsandruleswhichlanguageusersallhavetofollowwhileparoleistheconcreteuseoftheconventionsandtheapplicationoftherules.Langueisabstract;itisnotthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,butparoleisconcrete;itreferstothenaturallyoccurringlanguageevents.Langueisrelativelystable.itdoesnotchangefrequently;whileparolevariesfrompersontoperson,andfromsituationtosituation.28.正確答案:B29.正確答案:words；question30.正確答案:B31.正確答案:Languageisasystemofarbitraryvoca