【2023全國(guó)各地中考英語真題分類匯編中】13 閱讀理解 考點(diǎn)3 說明文(原卷版+解析版)

第第頁(yè)【2023全國(guó)各地中考英語真題分類匯編（中）】13閱讀理解考點(diǎn)3說明文(原卷版+解析版)中小學(xué)教育資源及組卷應(yīng)用平臺(tái)

2023年中考真題英語分類匯編

09閱讀理解考點(diǎn)3說明文（第02期）

（2023·青海·統(tǒng)考中考真題）

Whatwilltravelbelikein2070Maybetravelwillbecomesmarterandeasierbythattime.Herearesomeamazingpredictionsabouttravelingthatmighthappenin2070.

Attheairport

Youwilluse“heartbeatpassport(護(hù)照)”attheairport.Andpassportcheckswillnotbeusedanymore.Becauseeveryone’sheartbeatisdifferentanditcantellyouwhoyouareandwhereyouwillgo.Also,itprovidesmorepersonalinformation.

Ontheairplane

Airplaneseatscouldfitaperson’sbodyshape,sizeandeventemperature.Therewillbenoscreensontheairplane.Withafuturisticdevice(未來設(shè)備),youcanwatchmanykindsofmoviesontheairplanerightbeforeyoureyes.

Inthehotel

3Dprinttechnologywilldevelopsurprisinglyfast.Itcanprintalmosteverythinglikeclothesandfood.Therefore,whenyougettothehotel,suitcasewillnotbeneededanymore.

Duringthetrip

Thetripwillbecomeinterestingandcolorful.Manykindsofserviceswillbeprovidedduringthetrip.IfyouwanttoseewhathappenedintheMingDynastyorthefirstOlympicGames,youcanjustwearaspecialheadsetorglasses.

1．Whatwilltravelbelikein2070accordingtothepassage

A．Smarterandeasier.B．Moreexpensive.

C．Moredifficult.D．Muchcheaper.

2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“predictions”inParagraph1probablymean

A．因素B．條件C．重點(diǎn)D．預(yù)測(cè)

3．Youwilluse_________attheairportinsteadofpassportchecks.

A．heartbeatpassportB．personalinformation

C．personalbodyshapeD．3Dprinttechnology

4．3Dprinttechnologycan_________.

A．helpustocheckpassports

B．providemanykindsofmovies

C．printalmosteverythinglikeclothesandfood

D．takeustoseethefirstOlympicGames

5．Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage

A．HeartbeatPassportB．AFuturisticDevice

C．3DPrintTechnologyD．Travelin2070

（2023·山東濟(jì)南·統(tǒng)考中考真題）

Warmingtemperaturesandshorterwintersmightsoundliketheendofsnowdays.However,risingtemperaturesmayactuallycausesnowstormstodumpmoresnow,saysDavidRobinson.HeisaprofessoratauniversityinNewJersey.Hestudiesclimate(氣候)change.

TemperaturechangeisoneofthegreatestinEarth’sclimatechangeoveralongperiodoftime.Itcanhappennaturallyorbecauseofhumanactivities,suchasburninggasandcoal.Burningthesefuelsproducescarbondioxide(二氧化碳)andotherpollutantsintotheatmosphere,whichholdheatintheatmosphere,leadingtowarmerglobaltemperaturesovertime.

ButhowcouldwarmertemperaturesleadtomoresnowTogetsnow,youneedmoisture(水汽)andfreezingtemperatures(0℃orless),saysRobinson.Withoutmoistureintheair,thereisnoprecipitation(rainorsnow).Robinsonsaystherearesignsthatsnowstormsarebecomingstronger.Thisisbecauseofthisconnectionbetweenmoistureandprecipitation.

“Thewarmertheairbecomes,themoremoistureitholds.So,ifit’swarmingandstillcoldenoughtosnow,youcangetmoresnow,”Robinsonsays.

Ofthe10biggestsnowfallsinD．C．region,fivehappenedinthepast25years,accordingtotheNWS.Duringthatsametimeperiod,averagewintertemperaturesinD．C．increased.In1996,theaveragewintertemperaturewas1.8℃.In2023,itwas6℃.

Weatherexpertssuggestthatrisingtemperaturesmaymakewintershorterandlesscold.Butfornow,thesnowisstillfalling.Oneday,wintermightnothaveanydaysbelowthefreezingtemperature.Oncetemperaturesstayabovefreezing,snowstormsbecomerain.Untilthen,wemightcontinuetoseestrongstorms.

AccordingtoRobinson,thattimecouldcomesoonerthanwethink.Hesays,“Whenwelookback,yearsfromnow,wemayseethatthiswasthebreakingpoint.”

6．Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout

A．HowEarth’sclimatechanges.B．Whatcausesrisingtemperatures.

C．Whatproducescarbondioxide.D．Howpollutioninfluencesclimate.

7．Whatwillthewarmingtemperaturescauseaccordingtothetext

A．Lesscoal.B．Drierweather.

C．Longerwinters.D．Strongersnowstorms.

8．Whatisthepurposeofparagraph5

A．TointroduceD．C．

B．Toreportthebiggest10snowstorms.

C．TosupportRobinson’sideas.

D．Toshowtheincreaseoftemperatures.

9．WhatdoesRobinsonthinkofthefuturewarmingtemperatures

A．Impossible.B．Serious.C．Meaningless.D．Amazing.

10．Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom

A．Asciencemagazine.B．Astorybook.

C．Asciencefiction.D．Atravelguide.

（2023·山東濟(jì)南·統(tǒng)考中考真題）

Agardenismuchmorethanjustcreatingabeautifulenvironment.Itcanbeawaytosaveorevenmakemoneyand,morethanthat,itcanbeaplacewhereyoucanexpressyourself.Forme,it’sabitofallthesethings.Iknowitmaysoundstrangefora13-year-oldgirltobeinterestedingardening,butIhavealwaysbeenandIwouldlovetomakeacareer(職業(yè))outofit.

Ihavelearnedmanythingsthesepastfewyears.Ihavebeenreadingaboutanddoingsomegardening.So,hereismytopadviceaboutgardening.First,youdonotneedtospendalotofmoneytohaveabeautifulgarden.SomeofthegardensthatIthinkaretheprettiestarejustlinesofplants.Therearen’tmanygardendecorations(裝飾)andpathways.It’sjustbeautifulplantswithfruitsandvegetables.Wecanalsofindmanyusefulthingsforfree,frompiecesofoldwoodtooldpotsandpans.Or,wecanbuildthingsforfreefrommaterialsthatotherpeoplehavethrownaway.

Ifyoujustrememberthatplantingwhatismorethanyouneedwilltakethestressawayoflosingsomeplants,youwillsaveyourselfalotofworry,too.Besides,youneedtoaskyourselfwhichplantsproduceenoughfoodtomakethemworthgrowing.Iactuallysatdownanddidthemathsonthatonethisspring.Itamazedmewhatsomeplantswereworth.Atomato,forexample,canproduce50-150worthoffruit.Ittakesupalotofspacebutthat’salotofmoneycomingoutofa50-penceseed(種子)!SoifIhadknownearlierwhateachplantcouldsaveus,Iwouldhavetoldmyparentstofillourgardenwithdifferentplants.

Andfinally,gardeningdoesn’thavetobeallornothing.ButthenIguessthat’smoreofapersonalityweaknessthananything.Istrugglewithdoingthingsalittleatatime.OnceIdecidetodosomething,Iusuallydevoteeverywakinghourtoitforalittlewhileandthengettired.Soit’sokaytojusthaveonetomatoplant,andit’sokaytohaveanoffyear.Itwillsaveyoualotofstress.

11．Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellusaboutgardeninginparagraph1

A．Thegardenerscanmakemuchmoney.

B．It’sjustaboutcreatingabeautifulplace.

C．Themostimportantistoexpressyourself.

D．Itmeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.

12．Howwouldthewriterdescribeherfavoritegarden

A．Simple.B．Expensive.C．Magic.D．Creative.

13．Whatadvicedoesthewritergiveusaboutgardening

A．Usewhatwecanfindaroundus.B．Trytomakeacareeroutofit.

C．Askothergardenerstogivehelp.D．Spendasmuchtimeaswecan.

14．Whatcanwelearnaboutthewriter’sgardeningexperience

A．Shewantstogroweverything.

B．Shedideverythingright.

C．Shehasalotoffunindoingit.

D．Sheneedstoworkharder.

15．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“devote”meaninthelastparagraph

A．Waste.B．Spend.C．Change.D．Count.

（2023·江蘇無錫·統(tǒng)考中考真題）

Petparrotsthatareallowedtomakevideocallstootherbirdsshowsignsoffeelinglessisolated,accordingtoscientists.

Thestudy,whichinvolvedgivingthebirdsacomputerthattheycouldusetomakevideocalls,foundthattheybegantoengageinmoresocialbehaviorsincludingpreening,singingandplaying.Thebirdsweregivenachoiceofwhich“friend”tocallonatouchscreencomputerandthestudyshowedthattheparrotsthatcalledotherbirdsmostoftenwerethemostpopularchoices.

IlyenaHirskyj-Douglas,oftheUniversityofGlasgowandaco-authorofthestudy,saidthatvideocallshadhelpedmanypeoplefeellessisolatedinthelastfewyears.Sheadded,“Thereare20millionparrotslivinginpeople’shomesintheUSA,andwewantedtoexplorewhetherthosebirdsmightbenefit(受益)fromvideocallingtoo.Ifwegavethemthechancetocallotherparrots,wouldtheychoosetodoso,andwouldtheexperiencebenefittheparrotsandtheircaregivers”

Theirstudyof18petparrotssuggestedthattherewere,indeed,benefitsforthebirds.Inthewild,manyspeciesofparrotsliveinlargegroups,butaspetstheyare,keptaloneorinasmallgroup.Livingalonecancausebirds,todevelopmentalproblems,whichincluderocking,walkingbackandforth,orself-harmingbehaviorssuchasfeather-plucking.

Theparrotsfirstlearnedtoringabellandthentouchaphotoofanotherbirdonthescreenofacomputertomakeacalltothatbird,withthehelpoftheirowners.Intotalthebirdsmade147callstoeachotherduringthestudy,whileownerstookdetailednotesonthebirds’behaviorandtheresearcherslaterreviewedthevideofootage.

JenniferCunhaofNortheasternUniversitysaidthattheparrots“seemedtoknow”thattheywerecommunicatingwithotherbirds.“Allthebirdownersinthestudysaidtheyvaluedtheexperience,andwouldwanttocontinueusingthesystemwiththeirparrotsinthefuture,”shesaid.

“Iwasquitesurprisedatsomanydifferentbehaviors,”saidHirskyj-Douglas.“Somewouldsing,somewouldplayaroundandgoupsidedown,otherswouldwanttoshowanotherbirdtheirtoys.”

16．Themainpurposeofthestudyistofindout_________.

A．ifparrotscanlearntomakevideocallsB．ifparrotscanbenefitfromvideocalling

C．whyparrotscanhavesomanybenefitD．whyparrotscandevelopmentalproblems

17．Whatcanwelearnaboutthepetparrots

A．Theirwaytocommunicateissinging.B．Mostofthemusedtoliveinlargegroups.

C．Themostpopularonesmademostcalls.D．Theycanmakevideocallsbythemselves.

18．Whichwordhastheclosestmeaningto“isolated”

A．a(chǎn)mazedB．calmC．scaredD．lonely

19．Thefollowingparagraphcanbestgoafter________.

Videocallingcouldreproducesomeofthesocialbenefitsoflivinginagroup,accordingtoRébeccaKleinberger,ofNortheasternUniversityandfirstauthorofthestudy.

A．Paragraph1B．Paragraph2C．Paragraph3D．Paragraph4

（2023·江蘇徐州·中考真題）

Poemsplaywithsounds,words,andgrammar.Thatmakespoemsdifficulttowritebutveryinterestingtoread.Theyusecolours,feelings,experiences,andimagestopaintapictureinyourmind.Let’shavealookatthefollowingChineseclassicalpoem:

OntheStorkTower

ByWangZhihuan

Thesunalongthemountainbows,

TheYellowRiverseawardsflows,

Youcanenjoyagrandersight,

Ifyouclimbtoagreaterheight,

TranslatedbyXuYuanchong

InChineseclassicalpoems,theformisveryimportant:thecorrectnumberoflinesandthenumberofwordsineachline.Poemsoftenfollowspecialmodelsofrhythm（節(jié)奏）andrhyme.However,modernpoetsbegintorejecttraditionalformsandstructures（結(jié)構(gòu)）forpoemsinthe20thcentury.Asaresult,mostpoemstodayarewritteninfreestyle,withlinesofdifferentlengths.

TodaymanyChinesepeoplearebecomingmoreinterestedinreadingpoems,nomatterinwhatlanguagetheyarewritten.Translationscanbegood,butbeingabletoreadintheoriginal（最初的）languageisbest.

20．WhatdothefirsttwolinesofthepoemOntheStorkTowershow

A．Love.B．Sights.C．History.D．Feelings.

21．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“reject”inParagraph2probablymean

A．Throwaway.B．Carryon.C．Agreewith.D．Takeup.

22．Whatdoesthewriterofthepassageprobablybelieve

A．Itismucheasiertowriteclassicalpoemsthanmodernpoems.

B．Peopleshoulddevelopthehabitofpaintingpicturesafterreadingpoems.

C．Chineseclassicalpoemsshouldfollowfreestylewithlinesofdifferentlengths.

D．Nomatterhowwellapoemistranslated,someofthespiritoftheoriginalworkislost.

（2023·山東東營(yíng)·統(tǒng)考中考真題）

HawaiiVolcanoesNationalParkisawonderfulplacetovisit.Everyyear,overonemillionpeoplevisitHawaiVolcanoesNationalPark.

Therearetwooftheworld’smostamazingvolcanoes(火山)init.Oneisamongthemostactivevolcanoesontheearth,theotherisoneofthebiggestmountainsontheearth.Bothofthemareactivevolcanoes.Everyday,ontheislandofHawali,lava(熔巖)comesoutslowlyfromavolcanoontheedge(邊緣)oftheocean.Whenthelavacools,itturnsintorockandmakesthisislandalittlebigger.Visitorscanseethelandchangebeforetheireyes.

Therearemanyinterestingthingstodointhepark.Ithaslavatubes(隧道)thatgotothesea.Theyaresobigthatvisitorscanwalkthroughthem.Youcandrivealongavolcanoorwalkmorethan150miles(241km)oftrails(路徑).Bikingalongthevolcano’spathsandcampingintherainforestarealsogoodchoices.

HawaiiVolcanoesNationalParkishometowildlife.Therearehundredsofprotectedanimals,suchasturtles,bats,insects,andmanykindsofbirds.Theparkalsohasmanyprotectedplantsandtrees.AlmostallofitsplantsarefoundonlyinHawail.Manyplantshavelivedinandaroundthevolcanoesforyears.

Enjoy—butwatchyourstep!It’salmostimpossibletoknowwhenavolcanowillerupt(噴發(fā)).However,whenthevolcanoespossiblyerupt,partsoftheparkclose.Thisspecialparkisneverquietforlong.

23．Inthepark,visitorscan________.

①drivethroughlavatubes②walkmorethan150milesoftrails

③bikealongthevolcano’spaths④campintherainforest

A．①②③B．②③④C．①②④D．①③④

24．WhichstatementisNOTright

A．Visitorscanshowlavamakestheislandbigger.

B．Therearemanyprotectedanimalsinthepark.

C．AlmostalloftheplantsintheparkonlygrowinHawaii.

D．Thewholeparkwillbeclosedifthevolcanoeserupt.

25．Whatdoestheunderlinedsentencemean

A．Thevisitorsarenoisy.B．Animalsareeverywhere.

C．Thevolcanoesoftenerupt.D．Toomanycarsareinthepark.

26．Theauthorwrotethepassagemainlyto________.

A．tellpeoplethevolcanoesinHawaiiVolcanoesNationalPark

B．introducewhatpeoplecandoinHawaiiVolcanoesNationalPark

C．tellpeoplethewildlifeofHawaiiVolcanoesNationalPark

D．giveanintroductiontoHawaiiVolcanoesNationalPark

27．Thepassageisprobablyfrom________.

A．a(chǎn)novelB．a(chǎn)magazineC．a(chǎn)storybookD．a(chǎn)nadvertisement(廣告)

（2023·江蘇徐州·中考真題）

Youstandinagarden.Alownoisereachesyourears.Youseeasmallinsectflyingnearyourhead.Youturntolook,anditfliesoutofsight.Thereitisagain!Youmoveslowly.Youcanseeyellowandblackstripesonit.

IsitabeeItlandsonaflower,andyoutakeacloserlook.

Beesfold(折疊)theirwingsontotheirbackswhentheystopflying.Butthisinsect’swingsreachoutlikeafly’s.That’sbecauseitisafly—aflowerfly.

Manyflowerflieslooklikebees.Thishelpskeepthemsafefromanimalsthatmaywanttoeatthem.Insectswithyellowandblackstripesusuallyhavestingers(刺).Insecteaters,suchassomebirdsandfrogs,needtogetstungonlyoncetoknowthatstripesmeantrouble.Flowerfliescan’tsting,butinsecteatersseethestripesandleavethefliesalone.

Flowerfliesspendmostoftheirtimelookingforfood.Likebees,flowerflieseatpollen(花粉)andnectar(花蜜).Thismakesthemeasytofindinagardenfullofflowers.Theyarehelpfulgardeninsectsjustlikebees.Adultflowerfliesmovepollenfromoneflowertoanother,whichhelpssomeflowersgrowintofruit.

Flowerfliescanstayinoneplacewhileflying.Mostinsectsmoveforwardwhentheyfly.Butflowerfliescantwisttheirwings,muchlikehummingbirdsdo.Twistingkeepstheminoneplace,sotheycanremainoverflowers,leaves,orevenyou!

28．Inwhichpartofamagazinecanweprobablyseethispassage

A．Nature.B．Culture.C．Fashion.D．Health.

29．Inwhichwayarebeesandflowerfliesdifferent

A．Thefoodthattheyeat.B．Thecolouroftheirstripes.

C．Thewaytheyhelpgardenflowersgrow.D．Theshapeofwingswhentheystopflying.

30．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“l(fā)eavethefliesalone”inParagraph4mean

A．Makefriendswiththeflies.B．Eatthefliesup.

C．Keepawayfromtheflies.D．Invitethefliesin.

31．Whatmightthewriterofthepassageagreewith

A．Peopleusuallypreferbeestoflowerflies.

B．Peoplesometimesmistakeflowerfliesforbees.

C．Peopleshouldstopbirdseatingbeesandflowerflies.

D．Peopleshouldhavebeautifulgardensintheirneighbourhood.

（2023·遼寧丹東·統(tǒng)考中考真題）

Lotsofscientistsarestudyingrobotstoday.Manyrobotsdon’talwayslooklikepeople.Somearelikebigmachines,andsomearenothingbutlongarms.However,modernrobotsaresmart.Somecansolveproblemsontheirown.

Robotsaremoreandmoreusefulandimportantinourlife.Theyhelpusalot.Infactories,robotscanhelppeopledoalotofwork.Theyworkfasteranddonotneedarest.Peoplewillfeelborediftheydothesamejobagainandagain,butrobotswillnot.Theycanworkinsomedangerousplaceswherepeoplecannot.

Robotsareusefulinourhomes,too.Theycanhelpusdosomecooking.Theycanhelptheblindpeoplereadnewspapers,helptheoldpeoplemovesomeheavythingsandsoon.Ifwehavesomeotherproblems,wecanalsoaskthemforhelp.

However,robotsarenotsocleveraspeople.Theycannotthinklikeus.Ifwedonot“teach”themhowtodothingsfirst,theycandonothing.

It’spossiblethatwewillhaveourownrobots,andtheywillhelpustodomorethingsinthefuture.

32．Whatcanweknowfromthefirstparagraph

A．Norobotsarelikebigmachines.B．Robotsallhavelongarms.

C．Robotsareindifferentshapes.D．Robotscan’tworkoutproblemsbythemselves.

33．Wherearerobotshelpfultousaccordingtothethirdparagraph

A．Infactories.B．Inbanks.C．Inourhouses.D．Inlibraries.

34．Whatistheadvantageofrobotsaccordingtothetext

A．Theyareascleveraspeople.B．Theywillbecometired.

C．Theycanthinklikepeople.D．Theycanworkindangerousplaces.

35．Whatisthetextmainlyabout

A．It’saboutwhatrobotswillbelikeinthefuture.

B．It’saboutwhatrobotscandoinmanyyears.

C．It’sabouthowrobotsareusedinourlife.

D．It’sabouthowscientistsinventedrobots.

36．Whereisthetextprobablyfrom

A．Asciencemagazine.B．Aguidebook.

C．Sportsnews.D．Amusictextbook.

（2023·遼寧丹東·統(tǒng)考中考真題）

Studentsusuallygotoschoolindifferentways.Inourschool,moststudentsgettoschoolbetween7:30and8:00inthemorning.Somearriveonfoot,andsometakethebus.However,eightypercentofthestudentsarriveintheirparents’cars.Theentrance(入口)totheschooliscrowdedanddangerous.Ithinkcarsarethemainproblem.Ithinkthereareafewthingswecando.

First,weshouldencouragestudentstotakethebusorwalktoschool.Takingthebuscanhelpcutdownairpollution.Walkingishealthier,too.Next,whatshouldparentsdoiftheirchildrenhavetocometoschoolbycarIthinktheirparentsshouldparktheircarsfarawayfromtheschoolentrance.Forexample,theycanparktheircarsattheendofthestreet.Finally,inmyopinion,whenparentsparkdangerouslyinfrontoftheschoolentrance,theywillbepunishedandhavetopaysomemoney—afine(罰金).Thisway,theywillbecautiousandthinktwicebeforeparking.

Inaword,carsaremakingitdangerousforstudentstoentertheschoolsafely.Therefore(因此),encouragingstudentstowalktoschool,oraskingparentstoparkawayfromtheschoolgatecouldsolvethisproblem.

37．Whattimedomoststudentsinourschoolusuallygettoschool

A．From7:30a.m.to8:00a.m.B．Before7a.m.

C．From7:30p.m.to8:00p.m.D．After8p.m.

38．Howdomostofthestudentsgotoschoolaccordingtothetext

A．Onthebike.B．Onthebus.C．Onfoot.D．Inthecar.

39．Whatdoestheunderlined(劃線的)word“cautious”mean

A．Careless.B．Wonderful.C．Careful.D．Impossible.

40．Howmanysuggestionsarementionedinthesecondparagraph(段落)

A．2.B．3.C．4.D．5.

41．Whichcanbethebesttitle(標(biāo)題)ofthistext

A．WaystoArriveatSchool.

B．WaystoParkCarsattheSchoolGate.

C．WaystoSolvetheAirPollutionaroundtheSchool.

D．WaystoSolvetheTrafficProblemneartheSchoolGate.

（2023·四川雅安·統(tǒng)考中考真題）

IcelandisanorthernEuropeancountrywithamazingnaturalbeautyandoceansaround.Thereareanumberofvolcanoes(火山).IthasashortsummerwhichlastsfromJunetoAugust.ThelongwinterstartsfromSeptemberandendsnextMay.

SummerinIcelandisagoldenseasonfortourists.Everyyear,peoplefromallovertheworldcomeheretoseethebeautifulsightsandenjoytheexcitingwhale-seeing.

Inwinter,whenpeopleinIcelandfinishtheirdailywork,theywillhavedifferentspecialactivitiestospendthelongdarknight.Skating,ridingsnowmotorbikesandhavingpartiescanreallymakeanexcitingnight.Afterallthefun,ahotbathmustbethefirstchoicetorelax.Therearealsostory-tellingactivitiesforchildren,whichcanteachthemtobestrongandkind.ThemostpopularstoriesareaboutChristmasinIceland.

Becauseofalongcoldwinter,Icelandhasashortgrowingseason.ThefoodproblemwasalwaysaheadacheforIcelandinthepast.Ithadtobuymostofitsfoodfromothercountries,Later,whenfarmerslearnedtouselightsandundergroundheattogrowcrops(莊稼)allyearroundinthegreenhouse,thingschangedalot.

Livinginsuchaniceenvironment,mostpeopleinIcelandliveahappylife.AccordingtoasurveyabouthappinessmadeeachyearinEurope,Icelandisalwaysamongthetop3.

42．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“It”referto(指代)inParagraph1

A．Theocean.B．Naturalbeauty.C．Iceland.D．Thevolcano.

43．Whendovisitorsusuallygotoenjoythewhale-seeing

A．Inspring.B．Insummer.C．Inautumn.D．Inwinter.

44．WhatisthemainideaofParagraph3

A．Whatisthefirstchoicetorelaxafterthefun.B．HowpeopleinIcelandfinishtheirdailywork.

C．WhatstoriesarethemostpopularinIceland.D．HowpeopleinIcelandspendthelongdarknight.

45．WhydoesIcelandhaveashortgrowingseason

A．Becausethereareoceansaround.B．Becausethereisalonghotsummer.

C．Becausethereisalongcoldwinter.D．Becausethereareanumberofvolcanoes.

46．Whatcanbethebesttitleofthepassage

A．Iceland,aPoorCountryB．FoodProblemsinIceland

C．ColorfulActivitiesinIcelandD．Iceland,anAmazingCountry

（2023·北京·統(tǒng)考中考真題）

Whenconsideringthekindofexperiencethatmakeslifebetter,mostpeoplefirstthinkthathappinessdependsonexperiencingpleasure:goodfood,goodjobs,allthecomfortsthatmoneycanbuy.Ifwecouldn’thavethese,wemightaswellsitinfrontofthetelevisiononaquietevening.

Pleasureisanimportantpartofthequalityoflife,butbyitselfitdoesn’tbringhappiness.Whenpeoplethinkfurtheraboutwhatmakesaworthylife,theytend(傾向于)tomovebeyondpleasantmemoriesandbegintorememberotherevents,otherexperiencesthatoverlap(有重疊)pleasurableonesbutfallintoagroupwithaseparatename:enjoyment.Enjoyableeventstakeplacewhenpeoplehavenotonlysatisfiedaneedormetsomeearlierexpectation,butalsoachievedsomethingunexpected.

Enjoymentischaracterizedbyasenseofcuriosity,ofachievement.Playingatennisgamethatimprovesone’sabilityisenjoyable,asisreadingabookthatshowsthingsinanewlight,asishavingaconversationthatleadsustoexpressideaswedidn’tknowwehad.Noneoftheseexperiencesmaybeespeciallypleasurablewhentheyaretakingplace,butwhenwethinkbackonthemafterwards,wewouldsay,“Thatreallywasfun”andwishtheywouldhappenagain.Afteranenjoyableeventweknowthatwehavechanged,andgrown.

Experiencesthatgivepleasurecanalsogiveenjoyment,butthetwofeelingsarequitedifferent.Forexample,everybodytakespleasureineating.However,toenjoysfoodismoredifficult—youhavetopayenoughattentiontoameal,soastosenseandtellitsvarioustastes.Asthisexamplesuggests,wecanexperiencepleasurewithoutanypsychicenergy,whileenjoymenthappensonlyasaresultoffullattention.Apersoncanfeelpleasurewithoutanyeffort,aslongascertainpartsinhisbrainarestimulated(刺激).Butit’simpossibletoenjoyatennisgameorabookwithoutfullattention.It’sforthisreasonthatpleasuredoesnotlastlong,nordoesitmakeusgrow.Growthrequiresfullattentiontogoalsthatarenew,thatarerelativelychallenging.

Withoutenjoyment,lifewillgoon,anditcanevenbepleasant.Butitdependsheavilyonluckandtheexternal(外部的)environment.Toachievepersonalcontroloverthequalityofexperience,however,weneedtolearnhowtobuildenjoymentintowhathappensdayin,dayout.

47．Youwillmostprobablyexperienceenjoymentwhenyou________.

A．buyexpensiveshoesB．orderadeliciousmeal

C．talkwithfriendsfornewideasD．sitquietlyinfrontofatelevision

48．Whatdoyouknowaboutpleasureandenjoymentfromthepassage

A．Enjoymentgrowsoutofpleasure.

B．Pleasureandenjoymentcomehandinhand.

C．Pleasurableexperiencesarepartofenjoyableones.

D．Someexperiencesprovidebothpleasureandenjoyment.

49．Thewords“psychicenergy”inParagraph4areclosestinmeaningto________.

A．a(chǎn)ttentionB．interestC．a(chǎn)bilityD．knowledge

50．Thewriterprobablyagreesthat________.

A．feelingpleasurestopspeoplefromachievinggrowth

B．feelingenjoymentcomeswithachievinggrowth

C．a(chǎn)worthylifedependsonluckandenvironment

D．pleasureisthekeytoahappyandworthylife

（2023·北京·統(tǒng)考中考真題）

Doyouknowthatover1/3ofallfoodproducedintheworldgoestowasteAccordingtotheUnitedNations(UN),everyyeararoundtheworld,aboutonebillion(十億)tonsoffoodiswasted.Atthesametime,therearenearlyonebillionpeoplewhogohungry.Simply1/4ofthefoodwastedisenoughtokeepthemoutofhunger.Inaddition,thewastedfoodproducesoverthreebilliontonsofcarbondioxide(CO2),whichspeedsupclimate(氣候)change.Whatcanwedotosolvethisfoodwasteproblem

Oneeffectivesolutionisbalancingfoodproductionwithdemand(需求).Inhotelsandothersimilarplaces,specialinstrumentsshouldbeusedsothatcookingspecialistsjustprepareandcookfoodasitisordered.

Anothereffectivesolutionisstartingprogramstoreduce(減少)foodwaste.Storesandbuyerscantrytheirbesttobecreativeinfoodwastereduction.Forexample,storescanprovidecustomerswithinstructionstellingthemhowtomakefulluseoffood.Buyerscantrynotfixingtheireyesonlyonfoodofthebestquality(質(zhì)量).Sometimes,thefoodofnon-topqualityisalsogoodenoughtoeat,orcanbeboughtandthenusedtomakedeliciousdishes.

Oneofthehardestsolutionstoachieveisforeachandeveryonetobuyandpreparefoodwithaplanoftheirownsothatlessfoo