馮慶華《漢英翻譯基礎(chǔ)教程》配套題庫（含考研真題）

第一章詞法翻譯第一節(jié)對等翻譯一、翻譯下列詞組，注意根據(jù)搭配選擇合適的詞義。1.①申請書②報告書③協(xié)議書④成績通知書⑤成交確認(rèn)書⑥白皮書⑦家書【譯文】①letterofapplication②report③agreement④gradereport⑤salesconfirmation⑥whitebook⑦aletterfromhome2.①病歷表②履歷表③時間表④日程表⑤價目表【譯文】①casehistoryform②resume③timetable④schedule⑤pricelist3.①推薦信②證明信③口信【譯文】①letterofrecommendation②certificate③anoralmessage4.①名單②菜單③賬單④保險單⑤訂閱單⑥收款清單⑦違規(guī)通知單【譯文】①namelist②menu③bill④policy⑤subscriptionform⑥accountnote⑦ticket5.①寫作水平②領(lǐng)導(dǎo)水平③生活水平④發(fā)展水平⑤工作水平⑥開放水平【譯文】①qualityofwriting②artofleadership③standardofliving④levelofdevelopment⑤workperformance⑥degreeofopenness6.身體好，學(xué)習(xí)好，工作好?！咀g文】Keepfit,studywellandworkhard.7.①經(jīng)濟法制化②經(jīng)濟全球化③社會知識化④國際關(guān)系民主化⑤國民經(jīng)濟信息化⑥科研成果產(chǎn)業(yè)化【譯文】①tomanageeconomicaffairswithinaframework②economicglobalization③tobuildaknowledge-drivensociety④thepracticeofdemocracyininternationalrelations⑤tobuildaninformation-basednationaleconomy⑥toapplyscientificresearchresultstoindustrialproduction8.①一窩蜜蜂②一窩小雞③一窩幼犬【譯文】①aswarmofbees②abroodofchickens③alitterofpups9.①一群美女②一群獵狗③一群鴨④一群羚羊【譯文】①abevyofbeautifulladies②apackofhounds③ateamofducks④aherdofantelopes10.①積極支持②積極的財政政策③積極利用國外資源【譯文】①unfailingsupport②proactivefiscalpolicy③makeeffectiveuseofoverseasresources11.①基本工資②基本建設(shè)③基本物質(zhì)④基本工業(yè)⑤基本利益【譯文】①basicwage②capitalconstruction③essentialcommodity④primaryindustry⑤fundamentalinterest12.①大城市②大雨③大志④大人物⑤大道理【譯文】①abigcity②aheavyrain③ahighaim④animportantperson⑤generalprinciple13.①老戰(zhàn)士②老領(lǐng)導(dǎo)③老師傅④老芹菜【譯文】①aveteran②aseniorleader③amastercraftsman④overgrowncelery14.①打電話②打的③打毛衣④打水⑤打籃球⑥打農(nóng)藥【譯文】①tomakeaphonecall②totakeataxi③toknitawoolensweater④tofetchwater⑤toplaybasketball⑥tosprayinsecticide15.①維護統(tǒng)一②維護獨立主權(quán)③維護國家榮譽④維護國家主權(quán)⑤維護人民利益⑥維護自尊⑦維護世界和平與安全【譯文】①toupholdunity②toupholdindependenceandsovereignty③todefendnationalhonor④todefendstatesovereignty⑤tosafeguardthepeople’sinterests⑥tosafeguardself-respect⑦tomaintain/safeguardworldpeaceandsecurity16.①進行社會主義革命②進行一場激烈的爭論③進行實地調(diào)查④進行親切的談話⑤進行侵略⑥進行協(xié)商⑦進行核試驗【譯文】①tocarryoutsocialistrevolution②tocarryonaspiriteddebate③tomakeanon-the-spotinvestigation④tohaveacordialconversation⑤tocommitaggressiontoholdconsultationwith⑥toconductanucleartest17.嚴(yán)格訓(xùn)練、嚴(yán)格要求?！咀g文】Goinforrigoroustrainingandsetstrictdemand.二、翻譯下列句子，注意根據(jù)語境選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。1.①還有些未完成的事要處理。②我們就這件事請教過他。③請回去吧，這里沒你的事了?！咀g文】①Thereisstillsomeunfinishedbusinesstosettle.②Wehaveconsultedhimaboutthematter.③Pleasegoback.Thereisnothingofyourconcernnow.2.①連續(xù)下了三天大雨。②他愛說大話。③他們在給教室大掃除。④像他這樣的人大有人在。⑤根據(jù)你的建議，我們應(yīng)該辦大廠了。⑥如果你那樣干，你大錯特錯了?！咀g文】①Itrainedcatsanddogsthreedaysonend.②Helikestalkingbig.③Theyaregivingtheclassroomagoodclean.④Apersonlikehimisbynomeans(innoway/onnoaccount/never/notabsolutely)rare.⑤Weshouldgoinforindustryinabigwayinaccordancewithyoursuggestion.⑥Ifyoudoitlikethat,you’llbecompletely(gravely/seriously)mistaken.3.①為了保衛(wèi)國家安全，維護祖國統(tǒng)一，我們必須不斷增強國防實力。②中國對外政策的宗旨，就是維護世界和平，促進共同發(fā)展。③我們要維護人民的權(quán)利。④進一步維護社會穩(wěn)定。⑤聯(lián)合國應(yīng)維護正義，在維護世界和平促進發(fā)展方面起積極作用。⑥我們要維護香港的經(jīng)濟繁榮和社會穩(wěn)定。【譯文】①WemustbuildupourdefensecapabilitywithaviewtosafeguardingourStatesecurityandnationalunity.②ThepurposeofChina’sforeignpolicyistosafeguardworldpeaceandpromotecommondevelopment.③Weshouldmaintainthepeople’srights.④Weneedtobettersafeguardsocialstability.⑤TheU.N.shouldupholdjusticeandplayamoreactiveroleinmaintainingworldpeaceandpromotingdevelopment.⑥WeshouldmaintaintheeconomicprosperityandsocialstabilityofHongKong.4.①心有余而力不足。②您的建議我會永遠銘記在心。③如果你忘了他的生日她會很傷心的。④居心叵測⑤得人心者得天下。⑥勞心者治人，勞力者治于人?！咀g文】①One’sabilityfallsshortofone’swishes.②Iwillalwaysbearyouradviceinmind.③You’llhurtherfeelingsifyouforgetherbirthday.④tonurseevilintentions⑤Thosewhogainpopularityamongpeoplewillgainthepower.⑥Thosewhoworkwithbrainrulethosewhoworkwiththeirbrawnareruled.5.①剪紙是中國最為流行的傳統(tǒng)民間藝術(shù)形式之一。②現(xiàn)在又開始流行短發(fā)了。【譯文】①PapercuttingisoneofChina’smostpopulartraditionalfolkarts.②It’sbecomingfashionableagaintohaveshorthair.6.①該委員會由十五人組成。②黨組織是由無產(chǎn)階級先進分子組成的。③空氣是由多種氣體混合組成的。【譯文】①Thecommitteeconsistsof15members.②ThePartyorganizationiscomposedoftheadvancedelementsoftheproletariat.③Airismadeupofamixtureofgases.7.①他醉心于醫(yī)學(xué)研究。②那個人醉心于名利?！咀g文】①Heisdeeplyengrossedinmedicalresearch.②Thatchapisinfatuatedwithfameandgain.8.①我借一下你的自行車好嗎？②我借一下你的電話好嗎？③借光、借光?！咀g文】①MayIborrowyourbike?②MayIuseyourtelephone?③Excuseme,excuseme!9.她追求的是真理，而他追求的是榮華富貴?！咀g文】Whatsheseeksistruth,andwhathehankersafterisnothingbuthighpositionandgreatwealth.10.他們講索取，我們講奉獻【譯文】Theypreachtakingfromothers,whereasweadvocategivingtoothers.11.①不解決一系列問題，雙方貿(mào)易無法進一步得到發(fā)展。②這筆索賠已經(jīng)拖了好幾年了，所涉及的問題很復(fù)雜，我真不知道該怎么處理。③用戶在技術(shù)交流時，向貴方專家提出了許多問題。④搞這個合資公司是個好主意，但問題是能否保證它可以得到足夠的訂單?！咀g文】①Intheabsenceofthesettlementofaseriesofissuesofprinciple,thebusinessbetweenthetwopartiescanhardlybepushedforward.②Thisclaimhasbeenkeptoutstandingformanyyears.TheproblemsinvolvedaresocomplicatedthatIreallydon’tknowhowtotacklethem.③Ourendusersaskyourspecialistsalotofquestionsatthetechnicalseminar.④Itisagoodideatoorganizethisjoint-venturecompany,butthepointiswhetherenoughorderscanbesecuredforit.12.①雙方價格差距很大，先談到這里吧！你的意見如何。②貴方總裁和我們總經(jīng)理就擬議中的合資項目坦率地交換了意見。【譯文】①Sincethepricegapisverywidebetweenthetwoparties,shallwesuspendthediscussion?What’syouridea?②YourPresidenthadafrankexchangeofviewswithourManagingDirectorontheproposedjointventureproject.13.①我們找個安靜的地方好好聊聊。②箱子里已經(jīng)沒有地方了。③你希望留在部隊還是到地方上去？【譯文】①Let’sfindsomewherequietsowecanhaveagoodtalk.②Thereisnoroomleftinthechest.③Wouldyouliketostayinthearmyorleaveforanon-militaryunit?14.①我們必須改善我們的財政狀況。②我們很擔(dān)心他的精神狀況。③信息技術(shù)引發(fā)的商業(yè)模式的變革，在過去的幾年中呈現(xiàn)出迅猛發(fā)展的狀況?！咀g文】①Wemustbetterourfinancialcondition.②Weareworriedabouthismentalstate.③Inthepastfewyears,thetransformofbusinessmodebroughtbyinformationtechnologytookonarapiddevelopmenttrend.【解析】condition與形容詞連用，尤指人或事物的外觀、品質(zhì)和工作狀況。state較condition通用，指在特定時間的狀況，可不加形容詞。trend多指未來發(fā)展的趨勢和狀況。15.①在這種情況下②他的情況比較困難。③前面有情況，做好戰(zhàn)斗準(zhǔn)備。④可是在其他地方，情況卻完全兩樣了。⑤我們可能去那兒，那得看情況而定?！咀g文】①underthese/suchcircumstances;suchbeingthecase;inaccordancewiththisspecificcondition②Heisinadifficultsituation.③There’senemyactivityahead.Prepareforcombat.④Butthepictureoutsidethisplaceisquiteanotherstory.⑤Wemaygothere,butthatdepends.【解析】句②中，“情況”指“處境、境遇”。句③中的“情況”指“敵情”，故譯為enemyactivity。16.①當(dāng)前最重要的任務(wù)就是發(fā)展國民經(jīng)濟，提高人民生活水平。②在該任務(wù)中，每個人都應(yīng)該按計劃行動。③這個任務(wù)我可能會給你們特優(yōu)?！咀g文】①Ourprimarytaskatpresentistodevelopnationaleconomyandpromotethelivingstandardofpeople.②Everyoneinthemissionshouldactontheplan.③ImightgiveyouanHDonthisassignment.【解析】task多指復(fù)雜困難的工作和整體規(guī)劃。mission多指人擔(dān)負的使命和承受的重擔(dān)。assignment多指一個一個的小任務(wù)，例如作業(yè)，考核等。17.①參與亞太經(jīng)合組織對中國的影響是多方面的。②這是一個困擾我們的問題，而且不僅僅因為它產(chǎn)生直接影響?！咀g文】①APEC’sinfluenceonChinawillbecomemanifestinseveralaspects.②Thisisamatterthattroublesusnotonlybecauseofitsimmediateimpact.【解析】influence可用于廣義上的影響，既可以是積極的，也可以是消極的。impact多用于消極的影響。18.①您的建議我會永遠銘記在心。②她的建議是，我們應(yīng)輪流做這件事。③你是贊成還是反對這項建議？【譯文】①Iwillalwaysbearyouradviceinmind.②Hersuggestionisthatweshoulddothisbyturn.③Areyoufororagainstthisproposal?【解析】advice多用于中肯可行的勸告和提醒，希望被建議者能夠及時采納。suggestion多用于提出具體做某件事的建議，僅供參考。proposal多用于建言獻策，對公共事務(wù)和政府管理提議。19.①這次我們摸了一下美國軍隊的底。②請同志們摸一下農(nóng)民用糧的底。③如果想摸底，這又是一個底，這是一個帶根本性的底。④我和許多地方同志摸了這個底。⑤各民族黨派什么情況，基層什么情況，恐怕你們這些負責(zé)人也不摸底。【譯文】①ThistimewehavetakenmeasureoftheU.S.ArmedForces.②Pleaseinvestigatehowmuchgrainthefarmersactuallyconsume.③Ifyouwanttosoundusout,thereisonethingyouwilllearn,athingwhichisfundamentalinnature.④Togetherwithmanycomradesinthelocalities,Ihavemadeanestimate.⑤Howdothingsstandwithdemocraticpartiesandatthegrassroots?I’mafraidyouwhoareinresponsiblepositionshaven’taveryclearidea.20.①這輛摩托車很輕巧。②她動作很輕巧。③你說得倒輕巧，你也給我捧個獎杯回來?！咀g文】①Themotorcycleislightandhandy.②Sheisnimbleinmovement.③Youtalkasifitwerejustawalkover.Whynottryyourselfandseeifyoucanbringbackatrophy,too?21.①中國明朝的著名旅行家徐霞客一生周游考察了16個省，足跡幾乎遍布全國。②為了進行真實、細致的考察，他很少乘船、坐車。③他總是選擇道路艱險的山區(qū)、人跡罕至的森林進行考察?！咀g文】①Inhislifetime,XuXiake,agreattravelerinChina’sMingDynasty,toured16provinces,leavinghisfootmarksinnearlyeverycornerofthecountry.②Inordertogetadetailedandtruthfulpictureoftheplaceshevisited,heusuallytravelledonfootevenwhencarriagesandboatswereavailable.③Healwayspreferredtoventureintomountainousareaswithroughtracks,andintoforestsseldomvisitedbyhumanbeings.22.甲：這一點小意思，請務(wù)必收下。乙：你這個人真是有意思，怎么也來這一套？甲：唉，只是意思意思。乙：啊，真是不好意思?！咀g文】A:Thisisalittlegiftasatokenofmyappreciation.Pleasedotakeit.B:Oh,aren’tyouabittoopolite?Youshouldnotdothat.A:Well,itjustconveysmygratitude.B:Ah,thankyouthen,thoughIreallydonotdeserveit.23.①進一步改善投資環(huán)境。②調(diào)整消費結(jié)構(gòu)，改善消費環(huán)境?！咀g文】①Weneedfurtherimprovetheinvestmentclimate.②Weneedtoadjusttheconsumptionpatternandimprovetheenvironmentforconsumption.三、對下列“假朋友”進行改譯。1.宰客slaughtercustomers【改譯】swindlemoneyfromcustomers2.自學(xué)self-learn【改譯】self-taught3.寒衣coldclothes【改譯】warmclothes4.（電腦）死機systemdead【改譯】systemhalted5.彩票colorfultickets【改譯】lottery6.風(fēng)涼話coldword【改譯】irresponsibleandsarcasticremarks7.扣帽子putahaton【改譯】putalabelon8.大齡青年oldyouth【改譯】singleyouthabovethenormalmatrimonialage9.贏得市場gainmarket【改譯】gainalargershareofthemarket10.定向培訓(xùn)trainingforcertaindirection【改譯】trainingforspecificposts11.抓緊時間grasptimefirmly【改譯】makethebestuseoftime12.提高英語水平raisethelevelofone’sEnglish【改譯】improveone’sEnglish13.密碼secretcode【改譯】password14.口水mouthwater【改譯】saliva15.洗牌towashtheplayingcards【改譯】toshuffletheplayingcards16.大片bigmovie【改譯】blockbus