語(yǔ)言學(xué)專業(yè)知識(shí)講座

外國(guó)語(yǔ)083班羅希平2080511337InflectionandWordFormation1/21Morphologyisconcernedwith:Thestudyofinflections(alsocalledinflectionalmorphology)

Thestudyofwordformation(oftenreferredtoaslexicalorderivationalmorphology)下一張第四張2/21Inflectionindicatesgrammaticalrelationsbyaddinginflectionalaffixes屈折前綴,suchasnumber數(shù),person人稱,finiteness有定性,aspect體andcase格;andwheninflectionalaffixesareadded,thegrammaticalclassofthestems(towhichtheyareattached)willnotchange.3/21*規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)后-s(-es),fridges,radios,potatoes；*尚有與其構(gòu)造同樣動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)-s(-es)，like-likes,work-works,go-goes；以及分詞形式-ing和-ed都是屈折詞綴。第二張4/21

word-formation,inits

restrictedsense,referstotheprocessofhowwordsareformed.Itcanbefurtherdividedintwosub-types:thecompositionaltype(compound)andthederivationaltype(derivation)

Wordformation詞組成5/211.Compound:itreferstothosewordsthatconsistofmorethanonelexicalmorpheme,orthewaytojointwoseparatewordstoproduceasingleform.Wordformation

6/21Nouncompounds:Verbcompounds:Adjectivecompounds:Prepositioncompounds:Incompounds,thetwolexicalmorphemescanbeofdifferentwordclasses.7/21Compoundscanbefurtherdividedintotwokinds:theendocentriccompound(向心復(fù)合詞)andtheexocentriccompound(離心復(fù)合詞)

8/21Theendocentriccompound(向心復(fù)合詞)：Theheadofanominaloradjectivalendocentriccompoundisde-verbal;thatis,itisderivedfromaverb.9/21Consequently,itisalsocalledaverbalcompound（動(dòng)詞性復(fù)合詞）orasyntheticcompound（合成復(fù)合詞）.Usually,thefirstmemberisaparticipantoftheprocessverb.10/21一種名詞性或者形容詞性向心復(fù)合詞中心成份是從動(dòng)詞派生出來(lái)，因此也被稱作動(dòng)詞性復(fù)合詞或者合成復(fù)合詞。第一種成份一般是過(guò)程動(dòng)詞參與者。11/21Theexocentriccompound(離心復(fù)合詞):TheexocentricnominalcompoundsareformedbyV+N,V+A,andV+P,whereastheexocentricadjectivescomefromV+NandV+A.12/21離心名詞性復(fù)合詞由動(dòng)詞+名詞，動(dòng)詞+形容詞，和動(dòng)詞+介詞組成，而離心形容詞性復(fù)合詞由動(dòng)詞+名詞和動(dòng)詞+形容詞組成。13/21*Self-control其中心成份是control，而這一中心成份句法功能是名詞，因而由此組成這一復(fù)合詞也是名詞，其中心意義也落在了這一中心成份上。*離心復(fù)合詞不具有中心成份，其中心語(yǔ)義一般無(wú)法直接從詞內(nèi)某一組成成份中得出。

scarecrow:aneffigy肖像intheshapeofamantofrightenbirdsawayfromseeds

14/21Compoundsarewrittenindifferentways.asasinglewordJoinedwithabyphen“-”Writtenwithordinaryspacebetweenthetwoparts15/212.Derivation派生:

Incontrastwithinflections,derivationscanmakethewordclassoftheoriginalwordeitherchangedorunchanged.Differentfromcompounds,itshowstherelationbetweenrootsandaffixes.16/21iWordclasschanged(詞類變化)N---VN---Adj.N---Adj./Adv.V---NV---Adj.Adj.---NAdj.---VAdj.---Adv.17/21iiWordclassunchanged(詞類不變化）N---NV----VAdj.---Adj.18/21Formsderivedfromderivationarerelativelylargeandpotentiallyopen.19/21In