unit5 6相關(guān)子句定語從句

Review

of

last

classEnglish

Grammar-MirandaNoun

clausesUnit

5-6English

Grammar-Miranda定語從句Definition：定語從句在句中作定語，修飾一個名詞或代詞。被修飾的那個詞即先行詞。定語從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞引出。關(guān)系詞類型在從句中的功能常見連詞關(guān)系代詞充當(dāng)從句的主語或者賓語who,

whom,whose,

that,which,

as關(guān)系副詞充當(dāng)從句的狀語when,

where,

whyEnglish

Grammar-Miranda1.關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句English

Grammar-Miranda1）who,whom代替的先行詞是人e.g.

Is

this

the

man

who

wantsto

seeyou?e.g.

Is

this

the

man

whom

you

want

to

see?e.g.

Shehas

six

children,two

ofwhomdied

after

birth.2）which代替的先行詞是物e.g.

The

baggage

which

you

are

carrying

isvery

big.3）whose既可以代替人；也可以代替物e.g.He

is

the

manwhose

(=of

whom)

carhas

broken

down.e.g.

The

house

whose(=of

which)

doorwas

damaged

has

been

repaired.4）that既可以代替人；也可以代替物English

Grammar-Miranda這本書就是上次Mr.Jones建議我們?nèi)ベI的那本。This

is

the

book

that

/

which

Mr.

Jones

adviced

usto

buy.幫助每個需要幫助的小孩是我們的職責(zé)。It

is

our

duty

to

help

every

child

who

is

in

need.那個正在講話的男人是Mr.Williams，以后有什么麻煩可以去找他幫忙。The

man

who

is

talking

is

Mr.

Williamswho(m)you

can

turn

to

when

you

are

in

trouble.他們正在安慰那個女人，她的丈夫今早自殺身亡。They

are

comforting

that

woman

whose

husbandcommitted

suicide

that

morning.English

Grammar-Miranda以下情況下只能用thatEnglish

Grammar-Miranda1）先行詞為不定代詞（anything,nothing,something,everything,the

one,

all,

some,

much,

few,little,

any）時e.g.

That

is

all

that

happened.2）先行詞被形容詞最高級、序數(shù)詞或者only,no,very,every修飾時e.g.

He

is

the

only

one

that

has

finished

the

taskinclass.3）先行詞即有人又有物時，只能用thate.g.

The

little

girl

and

her

experiences

that

I

readin

the

newspaper

impressed

me

a

lot.以下情況下不能用thatEnglish

Grammar-Miranda1）非限制性定語從句中e.g.

Her

Hermes

umbrella

was

broken

whenshe

was

struggling

in

the

crowed

subway,

whichmade

her

very

upset.2）介詞后面只能加whom,

whiche.g.

Don’t

talk

about

things

of

which

you

arenotsure.3）先行詞是that時只能用whiche.g.

Do

you

know

that

which

he

asked

for?他沒怎么回答老師提出的問題。He

answered

few

that

were

asked

by

the

teacher.He

answered

few

questions

that

/

which

wereasked

by

the

teacher.他是第一個通過考試的人。He

was

the

first

person

that

passed

the

exam.我買了很多書，其中大部分都沒看過。I

bought

many

books,

most

of

which

are

not

read.I

have

not

read

most

of

the

books

that

/

which

Ibought.他們談?wù)撍麄冇浀玫挠嘘P(guān)學(xué)校的事和人。They

talked

about

things

and

persons

that

theyremembered

about

school.English

Grammar-MirandaasEnglish

Grammar-Miranda1）as引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句時，多用在一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中（such…as,thesame…as,as…as,so…as）e.g.

This

is

the

same

book

as

I

lostyesterday.2）as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時，譯為“正如…” As

is

shown

in

thechart,…As

has

been

mentioned

above,…螞蟻和人類使用的交流渠道是一樣的。Ants

use

the

same

way

of

communication

ashuman

beings

use.The

way

of

ants’

communication

is

the

same

ashuman

beings’.Ants

and

human

beings

use

the

same

wayofcommunication.如圖表所示，人均GDP正在逐年增長。As

is

shown

in

the

chart,

GDP

per

capitaisgrowing

year

by

year.人均收入per

capita

/

average

eEnglish

Grammar-Miranda2.關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句English

Grammar-Mirandawhen,

where,

why

等關(guān)系副詞，在從句中做狀語，用來說明時間、地點、原因（=介詞+which）when

=in/on/at/during

+

whichwhere

=

in/on/at

+

whichwhy=for

which

(why的先行詞只有reason)Could

you

tell

me

the

day

when

(=on

which)

he

lost

hiswallet?Could

you

tell

me

the

place

where

(=at

which)

he

losthiswallet?Could

you

tell

me

the

reason

why

(=for

which)

he

isalways

late

for

class?where一般先行詞為地點，但也可以是抽象名詞case,

point,

stage,

situation,

condition,position,environment…，表示“在…情況下，從…中”e.g.

The

conflict

had

developed

into

a

stagewhere

the

two

countries

were

gathering

bigtroops

on

the

border.English

Grammar-Miranda顧里不會忘記她爸爸車禍去世的那天。Gu

Li

will

never

forget

the

day

when

her

father

died

ina

car

accident.我住的那個小區(qū)最近經(jīng)常發(fā)生入室偷盜案。Break-in

takes

place

very

often

recently

in

the

blockwhere

I

live.I

live

in

the

block

where

break-in

takes

place

very

oftenrecently.和以英語為母語的人交談是一種有益的體驗，從中我們可以學(xué)到很多東西。Chatting

with

native

English

speakers

is

a

beneficialexperience,

from

which

we

can

learn

a

lot.我們已到了身無分文的地步。We

have

reached

the

stage

where

we

have

no

moneyat

all.English

Grammar-MirandaAttention!English

Grammar-Miranda只有先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)狀語時，才用關(guān)系副詞I

will

never

forget

the

day

when

I

came

toShanghai

for

the

first

time.(引導(dǎo)詞作狀語)I

will

never

forget

the

day

that/which

wespent

together.(引導(dǎo)詞作賓語)that/which

or

whereEnglish

Grammar-MirandaIs

this

the

factory

that/which

you

visited

theotherday?Is

this

the

factory

where

he

worked

ten

yearsago?3.關(guān)系代詞or

關(guān)系副詞English

Grammar-Miranda判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分：做主,賓語時，選擇關(guān)系代詞（who,whom,

that,which,

whose）；做狀語時，選擇關(guān)系副詞（where,

when,why）e.g.

This

is

the

village

of

which

I

dream.e.g.

This

is

thevillage

in

which

I

stayed

lastyear.那家正在裝修的商店將于下個月初重新開張。The

shop

(which

is)

being

decorated

now

willreopen

at

the

beginning

of

next

month.那個法語說的很好的女孩子叫Lucy，她爸爸是法國人。The

girl

(who

is)

good

at

speaking

French

is

calledLucy

whose

father

is

a

Frenchman.千萬別碰我的桌子，上面是我明天要交的作業(yè)。Don’t

touch

my

desk,

on

which

is

the

assignmentto

be

handed

in

tomorrow.English

Grammar-Miranda4.限制性or

非限制性This

isthe

housewhichI

bought

last

year.（限）This

house,

which

I

bought

last

year,is

verynice.（非限）無逗號，不能省，限有逗號，可以省，修限制性定語從句定先行詞非限制性定語從句

飾先行詞或整個主句English

Grammar-Miranda剛到美國時，她完全聽不懂老師上課在講什么，這令她非常困惑。She