新視野大學(xué)英語第三版讀寫教程Book3-unit5電子教案

Unit5WhenworkisapleasurePART1UnderstandingandLearningOverviewThisunitcentersonthetopicofwork-anindispensablepartofindividuallives.Workmayservedifferentpurposesandhavedifferentmeaningstodifferentpeople.TextAargues,bydifferentiatingamongwork,labor,andplay,thatinterestandenjoymentinworkareimportantforthebenefitofbothindividualsandsociety.TextB,bytellingusastoryofashoemakerandtheauthor,stimulatesthoughtsonbuildingatraditionofworkingwithpride,self-esteem,andresponsibility.Alloftheseelements,asshowninbothtexts,cannotbeachievedinajobthatisdonemerelyforthesakeofmoney.Concerningthewritingstyle,TextAisdevelopedmainlybymeansofcontrasts,whichareeffectivelyusedtohighlight,pointbypoint,thedifferencesbetweenworkersandlaborers.TextB,bymeansofnarrationthroughtheuseofthefirstperson“I”andwithdetaileddescriptionandlivelyconversations,givesthereadersastrongfeelingofbeingpersonallyonthescene,andachievestheeffectofgreatvividness.Inorderforstudentstogetastrongunderstandingoftheunitthemeandfosteragoodattitudetowardwork,theteachershouldencouragethought-provokingdiscussionsandactivities.Thetopicsforthediscussionsmayincludewhywework,howwecanfosterloveforwork,howweachievehappinessatwork,etc.Possibleactivitiesarepeerinterviews,retellingofTextB,questionnairesurveytogaugethehappinesslevelofaspecificoccupationandtoworkouthowtoachievegreaterhappinessatwork.SectionAWillyoubeaworkeroralabor?Backgroundinformation1continuingeducationContinuingeducationreferstotheeducationforadults,usuallyinclassesthatareheldintheeveningandespeciallyonsubjectsthatarerelatedtotheirjobs.2experientiallearningExperientiallearningistheprocessofmakingmeaningfromdirectexperience.Itislearningthroughreflectionondoing,whichisoftencontrastedwithrotelearning(死記硬背).Experientiallearningfocusesonthelearningprocessfortheindividua1.Anexampleofexperientiallearningisgoingtothezooandlearningthroughobservation1andinteractionwiththezooenvironment,asopposedtoreadingaboutanimalsfromabook.Thus,onemakesdiscoveriesandexperimentswithknowledgefirsthand,insteadofhearingorreadingaboutothers’experiences.Detailedstudyofthetext1Inasocietywhereslaveryinthestrictsensehasbeenabolished,thesocialindicationsaroundwork,thevalueofworkandthesalary,havedegradedmanylaborersintomodernslaves-“wageslaves”.(Para.1)Meaning:Inasocietywhereslavery,strictlyspeaking,hasbeenputtoanend,thesocialstatusofwork,thevalueofworkandthesalary,havemademanylaborersbecomemodernslaves-“wageslaves”.★degrade:vt.treatsb.withoutrespectandmakethemloserespectforthemselves貶低(某人);羞辱(某人)Theexaminationsupervisorwarnedstudentsnottodegradethemselvesbycheatingontheexam.監(jiān)考老師警告學(xué)生不要在考試中舞弊,以免自取其辱。Note“Wagesslaves”herereferstothosewhoworkforthemerepurposeofearningawage.2Peopleareconsideredlaborersiftheirjobhasanadverseeffectonthem,yettheyfeelcompelledtocontinueworkingbythenecessityofconformingtosocietalexpectationsandearningtherevenuetosupportthemselvesandtheirfamilies.(Para.2)Meaning:Peopleareconsideredlaborersiftheirjobhasabadornegativeeffectonthem,buttheyareforcedtoworkbecausetheywanttomeettheexpectationsofthesocietyandearnsomemoneytosupportthemselvesandtheirfamilies.★adverse:a..notgoodorfavorable不利的;反對(duì)的;反面的Economistsfearthatanyconflictbetweenthetwocountriescouldhaveadverseeffectsonglobalfinancialmarkets.經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家們擔(dān)心兩國(guó)之間的任何沖突都可能對(duì)全球金融市場(chǎng)產(chǎn)生不利影響?！颿onform:vi.(~to/with)obeysth.suchasaruleorlaw遵照;遵守;服從Thecityhasafewmodernbuildingsinthecentralareawhichdonotconformwiththestyleofthecity’soverallcharacter.該城市中心區(qū)域有一些現(xiàn)代建筑跟城市的整體風(fēng)格特點(diǎn)不相符合?！飏evenue:n［.U］moneythatabusinessororganizationreceivesoveraperiodoftime,esp.fromsellinggoodsorservices(公司、機(jī)構(gòu)的)收益,收入2Aspokesmanforthefinancedepartmentsaidcostsgenerallyrisewhenrevenueincreases.財(cái)務(wù)部門的發(fā)言人說收益增加成本通常會(huì)增加。Notesocietal:a.relatingtosocietyorthewaysocietyisorganized社會(huì)的Intime,humansbegantodevelopsocietalorganizationsthateventuallywouldbecomewhatweknowastownsandcities.經(jīng)過一段時(shí)間之后，人類開始形成社會(huì)組織，這些社會(huì)組織最終發(fā)展成為我們所知道的鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)和城市。3Thepolaroppositeoflaborisplay.(Para,2)Meaning:Playiscompletelyoppositetolabor.★polar:a.1)(~opposite/extreme)sth.thatisthecompleteorexactoppositeofsth.else完全相反;正好相反Johnsaidhe’dvoteforthecandidateevenifhisbeliefswerethepolaroppositeofhisown.約翰說即便候選人的觀點(diǎn)與自己的相左,他也將投票給該候選人。2)closetoorrelatingtotheNorthPoleortheSouthPole地極的;近地極的;極地的Themeltingofthepolaricecapsandtheriseinthesealevelareonlythemostcommonlycitedeffectsofclimatechange.極地冰蓋融化以及海平面上升只是最常被提及的氣候變化的后果。4Whenweplayagame,weenjoywhatwearedoing,butitisapurelyprivatepastime;…(Para.2)★pastime:n.[C]sth.thatyoudobecauseyouthinkitisenjoyableorinteresting消遣;娛樂Torelievethestresscausedbyherjob,sheturnedtopainting,apastimeshehadlovedsincechildhood.為了緩解工作引起的壓力,她開始畫畫,這是她自兒時(shí)起就喜歡的消遣。5Betweenlaborandplaystandswork.(Para.3)Meaning:Workliessomewherebetweenlaborandplay.NoteHereweareremindedofwhatismentionedintheprecedingparagraph“Thepolaroppositeoflaborisplay”.6Peoplearelabeledasworkersiftheirpersonalinterestscoincidewiththejobssocietypaysthemtodo;whatisnecessarylaborfromthepointofviewofsocietyisvoluntaryplayfromtheindividual’spersonalpointofview.(Para.3)Meaning:Peopleareregardedasworkersiftheirpersonalinterestsagreewiththe3jobssocietypaysthemtodo;whatisnecessarylaborfromtheperspectiveofsocietycanmeanvoluntaryplaytoaworker.NoteThelaborrequiredinajobisvoluntaryplaytoworkersbecausetheyshowinterestinit,enjoywhattheyaredoingandfindpleasureinit;justasiftheywereplayingagame.★coincide:vi.(~with)1)(ofideas,opinions,etc.)bethesameorverysimilar(想法、意見等)相同,相符,極為類似Indeed,theState’sinterestsmaynotcoincidewiththoseoftheindividual.的確,國(guó)家利益可能與個(gè)人利益不一致。2)(oftwoormoreevents)takeplaceatthesametime(兩件或更多的事情)同時(shí)發(fā)生Herarrivalcoincidedwithourdeparture.她到來之時(shí)正逢我們離開?！飗oluntary:a.donewillinglyandwithoutbeingforced自愿的;自動(dòng)的Everydecisionismadeofaperson’sfreewill,andisvoluntary,unlessitiseffectedbycompulsion.每項(xiàng)決定都是基于個(gè)人意愿,屬自愿性質(zhì)的,除非有強(qiáng)制要求。Notepointofview:n.aparticularwayofthinkingaboutorjudgingasituation視角；角度Howdoesyourpointofviewsquarewithwhatsomeofyourcolleagueshavesaid?你的觀點(diǎn)與你—些同事的意見在多大程度上—致?7Whetherajobistobedesignatedaslabororworkdepends,notonthejobitselfbutonthetastesoftheindividualwhoundertakesit.(Para.3)Meaning:Whetherajobissobeconsideredaslabororworkdepends,notonthejobitself,butontheverypersonwhodoesithadinterestinitornot.★desinate:vt..1)(fml.)(~sb./sth.as)givesb.orsth.aparticularname,title,ordescription把?定名為;授予?稱號(hào);把?描述為WhenresidentswantedtodesignatetheElkRiverasaheritagesite,themineskilledtheproposal.當(dāng)居民們想把埃爾克河確定為文化遺產(chǎn)時(shí),該提議卻被眾多的礦井給毀掉了。2)(~sb./sth.as)formallychoosesb.orsth.foraparticularpurpose任命;選定;選派Awillallowspeopletodesignatesomeoneasreceiveroftheirpropertywhentheydie.遺囑使人們可以指定其去世后財(cái)產(chǎn)由誰繼承。8Thedifferencedoesnot,forexample,correlatewiththedifferencebetweenamanualandmentaljoborbetweenjobsofloworhighesteem;…(Para.3)4Meaning:Thedifferencelaborandworkhasnoconnectionwiththedifferencebetweenamanualandmentaljoborbetweenjobswhichgetloworhighrespectandadmiration.★correlate:v.(~with)iftwoormorefacts,ideas,etc.correlateoryoucorrelatethem,theyarecloselyconnectedtoeachotheroronecausestheother(使)相互關(guān)聯(lián)RisingtemperaturesandtheassociatedearlierspringsnowmeltwithincreasingamountsandsizeofwildfiresinthewesternUnitedStates.氣溫升高及其所導(dǎo)致的春季融雪提前與美國(guó)西部數(shù)量日益增多、規(guī)模日益增大的山火是有關(guān)聯(lián)的?！飁steem:n.[U]afeelingofrespectforsb.,oragoodopinionofsb.尊敬;敬重Heisheldinhighesteembycolleagueintheconstructionindustry.他受到建筑業(yè)同行的高度尊重。vt.(fml.)respectandadmiresb.orsth.尊敬;敬重Employeequalitiessuchasbeingcooperativeandindustriousareoftenesteemedbymanagers.員工的合作、勤奮等品質(zhì)常常為經(jīng)理們所推崇。9Workersarethereforemorepronetodedicatemoretimetoworking,takingtoolittleleisureratherthantoomuch.(Para.4)Meaning:Workersarethereforemorelikelytospendmoretimeinworking,andtheywillspendextremelylittleamountoftimeonrelaxation.★prone:a.likelytodosth.orsufferfromsth.,esp.sth.badorharmful易于發(fā)生某事(尤指不好或有害的事)的;很可能?的;有?傾向的Mostchildrenarepronetojunkfood.多數(shù)孩子喜歡吃垃圾食品?！飀edicatevt.1)useaplace,time,money,etc.onlyforaparticularpurpose(為某一目的而)使用Thenewspaperdedicatedthreewholepagestopicturesoftheprincess.報(bào)紙用了三個(gè)整版刊登王妃的照片。2)giveallyourattentionandefforttooneparticularthing致力于;獻(xiàn)身于Thenewpresidentsaidshewoulddedicateherselfprotectingtherightsofchildren,theoldandthehomeless.新總統(tǒng)說她將致力于保護(hù)兒童、老人和無家可歸者的權(quán)利。10Tolaborers,ontheotherhand,leisuremeansautonomyfromcompulsion,soitisnaturalforthemtoimaginethatthefewerhourstheyhavetospendlaboring,andthemorehourstheyhavefreeforplay,thebetter.(Para.4)5Meaning:Tolabors,ontheotherhand,leisuremeanscompletefreedomfromwhattheyareforcedtodoorwhattheyhavetodo;so,itisnaturalforthemtothinkthatitisbetteriftheyspendlesstimeonlaborandmoretimeonplay.★autonomy.[U]1)theabilityoropportunitytomakeyourowndecisionswithoutbeingcontrolledbyanyoneelse自主能力;自主Geneticengineeringmaythreatenprivacy,killautonomy,makesocietylookandbealike,anddestroytheconceptofhumannature.基因工程可能威脅隱私,扼殺自主權(quán),使社會(huì)千篇一律,并且破壞人性這一觀念。2)freedomthataplaceoranorganizationhastogovernorcontrolitself自治;自治權(quán)Theyarewillingtogivethisdistrictmoreautonomy,butnotindependence.他們?cè)敢饨o該地區(qū)更多的自治權(quán),但不會(huì)讓其獨(dú)立。Notecompulsion:n.[sing.,U]theactofforcingorinfluencingsb.todosth.theydonotwanttodo,orthesituationofbeingforcedorinfluenced被()強(qiáng)制；(被)強(qiáng)迫Whowouldundertakesuchadifficulttaskwithoutcompulsion?如果不是強(qiáng)制性的,誰會(huì)去承擔(dān)這樣—項(xiàng)困難的任務(wù)?11Theywillalsoworkwithmorediligenceandprecisionbecausetheyhavefosteredasenseofpersonalprideintheirjobs.(Para.5)Meaning:Theywillalsoworkharderandmoreaccuratelybecausetheyhavedevelopedasenseofpersonalprideintheirjobs.★precision:n.[U]thequalityofbeingveryexactorcorrect精確(性);準(zhǔn)確(性)Toimprovetheprecisionofgenetesting,scientistneededtospellouttheactualDNAsequenceofdisease-fosteringgenes.為了提高基因測(cè)試的精度,科學(xué)家們需要闡明致病基因的DNA序列?！飂oster:vt.heIpaskill,felling,idea,etc.developoveraperiodoftime促進(jìn);培養(yǎng);助長(zhǎng)Allclassroompracticewillbegearedtoencouragingandfosteringnotonlystudents’learninghabitsbutalsostudents’creativity.所有的課堂實(shí)踐都將不僅鼓勵(lì)和培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣,還鼓勵(lì)和培養(yǎng)其創(chuàng)造力:12Ontheotherhand,laborers,whosesoleincentiveisearningtheirlivelihood,feelthatthetimetheyspendonthedailygrindiswastedanddoesn’tcontributetotheirhappiness.(Para,5)Meaning:Ontheotherhand,laborers,whoseonlymotiveismakingaliving,feelthatthetimetheyspendontheboringdailyworkiswastedanddoesn’tbringthemhappiness.6★incentive:n.[C,U]sth.thatencouragesyoutoworkharder,startanewactivityetc.刺激;動(dòng)力;鼓勵(lì)Mygirlfriend’sinterestinmyjobgavemeanincentive,soIworkedtwiceashard.女友對(duì)我工作的興趣給了我動(dòng)力,因此我加倍努力。★livelihood:n.[C,U]thewayyouearnmoneyinordertolive生計(jì)Itwasthelackofabasiclivelihoodthatcompelledtheoppressedtofightfortheirsurvival.正是由于無法維持基本的生計(jì)才迫使被壓迫者為自身的生存而抗?fàn)帯?3Insteadofvaluingallhoursoftheirdayasenjoyableandproductivehours,theygaugeonlythetimespentinleisureandplayasmeaning.(Para.5)Meaning:Insteadofregardingall24hoursoftheirdayasenjoyableandproductivehours,theybelievethatonlythetimethattheyspendinleisureandplayismeaningful.★gauge:vt.makeajudgmentorguessaboutasituation,action,orpersonbasedontheinformationthatyouhave(根據(jù)所掌握的信息)估計(jì),判斷Ifyouwanttogaugepublicopinionaboutthewar,lookatthelocalmediacoverageconcerningthedeathsofthesoldiers.如果你想判斷輿論對(duì)這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的看法,看看當(dāng)?shù)孛襟w有關(guān)士兵犧牲的報(bào)道吧。n.[C]aninstrumentformeasuringthesizeoramountofsth.測(cè)量?jī)x器;計(jì)量器;量規(guī)Agasolinegaugeshowstheamountofgasolineleftinacar.油表顯示汽車剩余的油量。14Unfortunately,laborersarealltoocommonplace,andonlyasmallpercentageofthepopulationisintheluckypositionofbeingworkers.(Para.5)Meaning:Unfortunately,laborersaresocommonthattheycanbeseenalmosteverywhere,andonlyasmallpercentageofthepopulationisluckytobeworkers.★Commonplace:a.happeningorexistinginmanyplaces,andthereforenotspecialorunusual平常的;平凡的;不足為奇的Paidvacationsoftwoweeksorlongerareacommonplacebenefitinmanycompanies.兩周或更長(zhǎng)的帶薪假期在很多公司都是常見的福利。15Inrecentdecades，technologicalinnovationandthedivisionoflaborhavecausedmajoreconomicchangesbyeliminatingtheneedforspecialstrengthorskillinmanyfieldsandhaveturnedmanypaidoccupationswithenjoyableworkintoboringlabor.(Para,6)7Meaning:Inrecentdecades,theimprovementsintechnologyandthedivisionoflaborhavecausedgreateconomicchanges.Peopledonotneedspecialstrengthorskillanymoreinmanyfields.Manypaidjobswithenjoyableworkhavebecomeboringlaborroutine.★innovation:n.1)[U]theintroductionofnewideasormethods革新;創(chuàng)新Thedutyofeveryteacheristoencouragecreativityandinnovationintheclassroom.每個(gè)老師在課堂上的職責(zé)都是鼓勵(lì)創(chuàng)新。2)[C]anewidea,method,orinvention新觀念;新方法Thosewell-meaningpeoplewhohavetriedtointroduceinnovationsinschoolshavecomeupwithagainstconsiderableresistancefromteachers,studentsandparentsalike.那些善意的人們盡力將一些新觀念引入學(xué)校,但在老師、學(xué)生和家長(zhǎng)中都遇到了相當(dāng)大的阻力。16Increasingproductivitywithautomatedmachines,suchasrobots,hasreducedthenumberofnecessarylaboringhours.(Para.6)Meaning:Withtheuseofmachineswhichcanautomaticallydotheworkforpeople,suchasrobots,productivityhasincreasedandthenumberofnecessarylaboringhourshasaccordinglydecreased.★automate:vt.startusingcomputersandmachinestodoajob,ratherthanpeople使自動(dòng)化Theengineerusedacomputerprogramhehadcreatedtoautomatedownloadingofprogramupdates.該工程師用自己設(shè)計(jì)的電腦程序自動(dòng)下載程序更新?！颽utomated:a.usingcomputersandmachinestodoajob,ratherthanpeople自動(dòng)化的Oneproposedsolutiontothegrowingproblemofaccidentscausedbytiredtruck,mayperhapsbeanautomatedhighwaysystem.車司機(jī)疲勞駕駛引起的事故越來越多,一個(gè)提議的解決方案可能就是自動(dòng)化高速公路系統(tǒng)。17Itispossibletoimagineanupcomingsocietyinwhichthemajorityofthepopulationwillhavealmostasmuchleisuretimeasinearliertimeswasenjoyedbythemedievalaristocracy.(Para.6)Meaning:Itispossibletoimaginethatinasocietyofthenearfuture,mostofthepeoplewillhavealotofsparetime,whichwouldbesimilartotheamountoftimeforplayenjoyedbyaristocratsinmedievaltimes.8★upcoming:a.(only)happeningsoon即將來臨的;即將發(fā)生的IfeelveryconfidentabouttheupcomingdebatebecauseIbelievethatIcandefeatmyopponent’sargumenteasily.我對(duì)即將到來的辯論充滿信心,因?yàn)槲蚁嘈盼夷茌p松駁倒對(duì)方的觀點(diǎn)。★medieval:a.connectedwiththeMiddleAges(=theperiodbetweenaboutAD1100and1500)中世紀(jì)的;中古時(shí)期的Ihaveseenmedievalmanuscriptsinwhichonewordisspelledfourdifferentwaysonasinglepage.我看過中世紀(jì)的手稿,同一頁上一個(gè)單詞竟然有四種拼寫方法。18Themedievalaristocratshadanabundanceofleisuretimebutoftenwasteditintrivialpursuitofgamesandfashion.(Para,6)Meaning:Themedievalaristocratshadalargeamountofleisuretimebutoftenwasteditonsuchinsignificantthingsasplayinggamesandfollowingthelatestfashion.19Likewise,modern-daylaborerswithtoomuchleisuretimemayfinditdifficulttorefrainfromtheaddictiveandtrivialpursuitsofcelebritygossip,extravagantfashion,andexcessivevideogamesandTV-similarbadhabitsthatwastevaluabletime.(Para,6)Meaning:Similarly,laborersofmodernday,whohavetoomuchleisuretime,mayfindithardtostopdoingsuchinsignificantthingsastalkingaboutprivateaffairsoffamouspeople,andspendingalotofmoneyonfashionandtoomuchtimeonvideogamesandTVshows.Thesebadhabitswillequallywastevaluabletime.★refrain:vi.(~from)(fml.)notdosth.thatyouwanttodo克制;抑制;忍住Internationalfinancialexpertscommittedtorefrainfromcompetitivedevaluationofourcurrenciesanddecidetopromoteastableandwell-functioninginternationalmonetarysystem.國(guó)際金融專家承諾不使我們的貨幣出現(xiàn)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性貶值并決定要促進(jìn)建立穩(wěn)定完善的國(guó)際貨幣體系?！颽ddictivea.1)anactivitythatisaddictiveissoenjoyablethatyoudonotwanttostop使人入迷的;使人沉溺的Itellmostpeopletoavoidcollectingantiques,asitistooexpensiveandaddictive.多數(shù)人不要收集古童,因?yàn)樗M(fèi)錢,而且讓人沉迷其中。2)ifasubstance,esp.adrugisaddictive,yourbodystartstoneeditregularlyandyouareunabletostoptakingit使人成癮的Doctorssaythatrelyingontheseelectronicdevicescanhavethesameaddictiveeffectsonusersasdrugsandalcohol.9醫(yī)生說依賴這些電子設(shè)備會(huì)跟毒品和酒精一樣讓使用者上癮?！飃ossip:n.[U]informationthatispassedfromonepersontoanotheraboutotherpeople’sbehaviorandprivatelives,oftenincludingunkindoruntrueremarks流言蜚語;閑言碎語;傳聞Whenhegottotheofficethenextday,hefoundhimselfatargetofveryunkindgossip,which,ofcourse,madehimquiteangry.當(dāng)他第二天去辦公室時(shí),他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己成了閑言碎語的對(duì)象,這當(dāng)然讓他很憤怒。★extravagant:a.spendingorcostingalotofmoney,esp.morethanisnecessaryormorethanyoucanafford奢侈的;揮霍的Howisshepayingforherextravagantholidaywithhermodestincome?她的微薄收入怎么能為她奢華的假期埋單?20However,it’snotnecessarytotakesuchatoxicattitudetowardsuchapositivethingasleisuretime.(Para.7)Meaning:However,it’snotnecessarytotakesuchanegativeattitudetowardleisuretime,whichis,afterall,apositivething.★toxic:a.containingpoison,orcausedbypoisonoussubstances有毒的;由有毒物質(zhì)引起的Thenewlyreleasedvariantoftheexistingcancerdrug,scientistshavefound,isdirectlytoxictonervecell.科學(xué)家已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn),新發(fā)布的現(xiàn)有抗癌藥物的新品種對(duì)神經(jīng)細(xì)胞有直接的毒害。21Lifelonglearningcanmakethedifferencebetweenbeingbored,unhappylaborersandworkerswhofindmeaningandjoyintheiremploymentandlife.(Para.7)Meaning:Lifelonglearningwillmakepeoplebecomeworkerswhofindmeaningandjoyinbothjobandprivateliferatherthanmakethemdull,unhappylaborers.22"Continuingeducation″or〃experientiallearning″canofferanarrayofclassesfrompleasantdiversionssuchassports,artclassesormusictoleadershipdevelopmentadvancedaccountingskills,orCAD(computer-aideddesign),tonameonlyafew.(Para,7).Meaning:“Continuingeducation”or“experientiallearning”canprovideyouwithanumberorclassesormusictoleadershipdevelopment,advancedaccountingskills,orCAD,justtomentionafewexamples.★array:n.[C,usu.sing]agroupofpeopleorthings,esp.onethatislargeorimpressive大群;大堆;大量Thecenterprovidesanarrayofservicesincludingsurgery,rehabilitationandpain10management.該中心提供大量的服務(wù),包括外科手術(shù)、康復(fù)和疼痛治療等?！飀ivision:n.[C,U]1)anenjoyableactivitythatyoudotostopyourselffrombecomingbored消遣；娛樂Weinsistonrequestingchallengingactivitieseveninourdivisions,becausewithoutchallenges,therecanbenogame.我們堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，即使是娛樂活動(dòng)也要有挑戰(zhàn)性，因?yàn)闆]有挑戰(zhàn)，就無所謂游戲。2）achangeinthedirectionoruseofsth.,ortheactofchangingit轉(zhuǎn)向；轉(zhuǎn)移Amagician’stalkcreatesadiversionofattentionsothatpeopledonotseehowhedoeshistricks.魔術(shù)師說話會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)移人們的注意力，這樣就沒人注意他是如何變魔術(shù)的。★tonameonly/butafew:usedafterashortlistofthingsorpeopletosaythattherearemanymoreyoucouldmention略舉幾例Theinternationalcommunityisalsoofferingassistance,includingtheUnitedStates,FranceandChina,tonameonlyafew.國(guó)際社會(huì)也在提供援助，略舉幾例，如美國(guó)、法國(guó)和中國(guó)。Noteexperiential:a.(infml.)relatingtoorbasedonexperience與經(jīng)驗(yàn)有關(guān)的；由經(jīng)驗(yàn)得來的Surprisingly,manyparentsfeeltheymissedexperientialmusic-makingactivitiesintheiryouthandwanttolearnaboutmusicinthewaytheirchildrenarelearning.令人吃驚的是，很多家長(zhǎng)覺得他們年輕時(shí)錯(cuò)過了體驗(yàn)式音樂創(chuàng)作的活動(dòng)，現(xiàn)在想以他們的孩子學(xué)習(xí)音樂的方式去學(xué)習(xí)音樂。23Theyhurltheirpassionintotheirwork,beitphysicallyliketheworkofasmith,ormorementallikethatofascientistoranartist.(Para.8)Meaning:Theyputtheirpassionintotheirwork,whetheritisphysicallyliketheworkofasmith,ormorementallikethatofascientistoranartist.★hurl:vt.throwsth.usingalotofforce猛投；用力擲Hewasknockedoutbyastonehurledathimfromtheothersideoftheroad.他被一塊從馬路另一邊擲來的石頭擊倒了。NoteThewordsmithhererefersto“blacksmith(鐵匠，鍛工)”.SentencestructureNotebeit…or…表示“無論…還是…”。例如：Thepublicdonatesmoneytoourcauseandforthevictimsofdisasters,beitnatural,suchasearthquakes,orman-made,suchasoilspills.公眾為我們的事業(yè)捐款為災(zāi)難受害者捐款,無論是地震之類的自然災(zāi)難,還是石油泄漏之類的人為災(zāi)難。1124Evenpurelymentalworkcansufficeasanoutlet,asaptlyexpressedbythephrase“sinkingone’steethintoaproblem”.(Para.8)Meaning:Evenpurelymentalworkcanbeenoughforthemtoexpressandreleasetheirenthusiasm,asiswellexpressedbythephrase“sinkingone’steethintoaproblem”.★suffice:vi.(fml.)beenough足夠;滿足要求Oneexampleshouldsufficetoillustratemypoint.一個(gè)例子足以闡明我的觀點(diǎn)?！颽pt:a.exactlyrightforaparticularsituationorpurpose適當(dāng)?shù)?恰當(dāng)?shù)腤hichisthemostaptdescriptiondependsonthepointorpurposeofaskingthequestion.哪種描述最適合取決于提出問題的出發(fā)點(diǎn)或目的?！颽ptly:ad.(~named/described/called,etc.)named,described,etc.inawaythatseemsverysuitable恰當(dāng)?shù)孛?描述/稱呼等Indeed,ifthereisasinglewordthatwouldveryaptlydefineMonk’smusic,it’sfreedom.的確,如果有一個(gè)詞能恰如其分地描述蒙克的音樂,那就是“自由”.★sinkone’steethintosth.:(infml.)starttodosth.withalotofenergyanddetermination精力充沛地開始處理某事;專注于做某事PlayingthepartofQueenVictoriaisthekindofrolethatismadeforyou,thekindofroleyoucansinkyourteethinto.維多利亞女王這個(gè)角色就是為你而設(shè),是一個(gè)你能傾情投入的角色。25Laborersareslavingawayatajobtheydon’tenjoyforasmallmonetaryreward,waitingalldayuntiltheygohomeandplay.(Para.9)Meaning:Laborersareworkinghardatajobforasmallamountofmoneythoughtheydon’tenjoythatjobatall.Theyarealwayswaitingjustfortheirturntogohomeandplay.★slaveaway:workveryhard拼命干;苦干Afterslavingawayatthecomputerkeyboard,youthenstillhavetowritenotationsignbyhand,theold-fashionedway.辛辛苦苦用電腦鍵盤輸入后,你還得按老辦法手工寫上注釋符號(hào)?！飉onetary:a.(onlybeforenoun)relatingtomoney,esp.allthemoneyinaparticul