2011年考研英語二真題及答案解析

請瀏覽后下載,資料供參考,期待您的好評與關注!請瀏覽后下載,資料供參考,期待您的好評與關注!2011年碩士研究生入學考試英語(二)真題及參考答案SectionIUseofEnglishDirections：Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblackandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)TheInternetaffordsanonymitytoitsusers，ablessingtoprivacyandfreedomofspeech.Butthatveryanonymityisalsobehindtheexplosionofcyber-crimethathas1acrosstheWeb.Canprivacybepreserved2bringingsafetyandsecuritytoaworldthatseemsincreasingly3？Lastmonth,HowardSchmidt,thenation'scyber-czar,offeredthefederalgovernmenta4thatwouldbethehigh-tech5ofaphysicalkey，afingerprintandaphotoIDcard，allrolled6one.Thesystemmightuseasmartidentitycard，oradigitalcredential7toaspecificcomputer.andwouldauthenticateusersatarangeofonlineservices.Theideaisto8afederationofprivateonlineidentitysystems.Usercould9whichsystemtojoin，andonlyregistereduserswhoseidentitieshavebeenauthenticatedcouldnavigatethosesystems.TheapproachcontrastswithonethatwouldrequireanInternetdriver'slicense10bythegovernment.systemsthatmakeitpossibleforusersto11justoncebutusemanydifferentservices.，withsafe13anizationscancompleteonlinetransactionswith14，trustingtheidentitiesofeachotherandtheidentitiesoftheinfrastructure15Still，theadministration'splanhas16privacyrightsactivists.Someapplaudtheapproach；othersareconcerned.Itseemsclearthatsuchaschemeisaninitiativepushtowardwhatwould17Theplanhasalsobeengreetedwith18bysomecomputersecurityexperts，whotheInternet19.TheyarguethatallInternetusersshouldbe20toregisterandidentifythemselves，inthesamewaythatdriversmustbelicensedtodriveonpublicroads.A.sweptB.skippedC.walkedD.riddenA.forB.withinC.whileD.thoughA.carelessB.lawlessC.pointlessD.helplessA.reasonB.reminderC.compromiseD.proposalA.informationB.interferenceC.entertainmentD.equivalentA.byB.intoC.fromD.overA.linkedB.directedC.chainedD.comparedA.dismissB.discoverC.createD.improveA.recallB.suggestC.selectD.realizeA.relcasedB.issuedC.distributedD.deliveredA.carryonB.lingeronC.setinD.loginA.InvainB.IneffectC.InreturnD.IncontrastA.trustedB.modernizedc.thrivingD.competingA.cautionB.delightC.confidenceD.patienceA.onB.afterC.beyondD.acrossA.dividedB.disappointedC.protectedD.unitedA.frequestlyB.incidentallyC.occasionallyD.eventuallyA.skepticismB.releranceC.indifferenceD.enthusiasmA.manageableB.defendableC.vulnerableD.invisibleA.invitedB.appointedC.allowedD.forcedSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections：Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1RuthSimmonsjoinedGoldmanSachs'sboardasanoutsidedirectorinJanuary2000：ayearlatershebecamepresidentofBrownUniversity.Fortherestofthedecadesheapparentlymanagedbothroleswithoutattractingmucheroticism.Butbytheendof2009Ms.SimmonswasunderfireforhavingsatonGoldman'scompensationcommittee；howcouldshehaveletthoseenormousbonuspayoutspassunremarked?ByFebruarythenextyearMs.Simmonshadlefttheboard.Thepositionwasjusttakinguptoomuchtime,shesaid.Outsidedirectorsaresupposedtoserveashelpful,yetlessbiased,advisersonafirm'sboard.Havingmadetheirwealthandtheirreputationselsewhere,theypresumablyhaveenoughindependencetodisagreewiththechiefexecutive'sproposals.Ifthesky,andthesharepriceisfalling,outsidedirectorsshouldbeabletogiveadvicebasedonhavingweatheredtheirowncrises.TheresearchersfromOhioUniversityusedadatabasehatcoveredmorethan10,000firmsandmorethan64,000differentdirectorsbetween1989and2004.Thentheysimplycheckedwhichdirectorsstayedfromoneproxystatementtothenext.Themostlikelyreasonfordepartingaboardwasage,sotheresearchersconcentratedonthosesurprisedeparture,theprobabilitythatthecompanywillsubsequentlyhavetorestateearningsincreasedbynearly20%.Thelikelihoodofbeingnamedinafederalclass-actionlawsuitalsoincreases,andthestockislikelytoperformworse.Theeffecttendedtobelargerforlargerfirms.Althoughacorrelationbetweenthemleavingandsubsequentbadperformanceatthefirmissuggestive,itdoesnotmeanthatsuchdirectorsarealways,smallerfirmsforlargerandmorestablefirms.Buttheresearchersbelievethatoutsidedirectorshaveaneasiertimeofavoidingablowtotheirreputationsiftheyleaveafirmbeforebadnewsbreaks,evenifareviewofhistoryshowstheywereontheboardatthetimeanywrongdoingoccurred.Firmswhowanttokeeptheiroutsidedirectorsthroughtoughtimesmayhavetocreateincentives.OtherwiseoutsidedirectorswillfollowtheexampleofMs.Simmons,onceagainverypopularoncampus.AccordingtoParagraph1,Ms.Simmonswascriticizedfor.gainingexcessiveprofitsfailingtofulfillherdutyrefusingtomakecompromisesleavingtheboardintoughtimesWelearnfromParagraph2thatoutsidedirectorsaresupposedtobe.generousinvestorsunbiasedexecutivessharepriceforecastersindependentadvisersAccordingtotheresearchersfromOhioUniversityafteranoutsidedirector'ssurprisedeparture,thefirmislikelyto.becomemorestablereportincreasedearningsdolesswellinthestockmarketperformworseinlawsuitsItcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatoutsidedirectors.maystayfortheattractiveoffersfromthefirmhaveoftenhadrecordsofwrongdoingsinthefirmareaccustomedtostress-freeworkinthefirmwilldeclineincentivesfromthefirmTheauthor'sattitudetowardtheroleofoutsidedirectorsis.permissivepositivescornfulcriticalText2Whateverhappenedtothedeathofnewspaper?Ayearagotheendseemednear.Therecessionthreatenedtoremovetheadvertisingandreadersthathadnotalreadyfledtotheinternet.NewspapersliketheSanFranciscoChroniclewerechroniclingtheirowndoom.America'sFederalTradecommissionlaunchedaroundoftalksabouthowtosavenewspapers.Shouldtheybecomecharitablecorporations?Shouldthestatesubsidizethem?Itwillholdanothermeetingsoon.Butthediscussionsnowseemoutofdate.Inmuchoftheworldthereisthesignofcrisis.GermanandBrazilianpapershaveshruggedofftherecession.EvenAmericannewspapers,whichinhabitthemosttroubledcomeoftheglobalindustry,havenotonlysurvivedbutoftenreturnedtoprofit.Notthe20%profitmarginsthatwereroutineafewyearsago,butprofitallthesame.Ithasnotbeenmuchfun.Manypapersstayedafloatbypushingjournalistsoverboard.TheAmericanSocietyofNewsEditorsreckonsthat13,500newsroomjobshavegonesince2007.Readersarepayingmoreforslimmerproducts.Somepapersevenhadthenervetorefusedeliverytodistantsuburbs.Yetthesedesperatemeasureshaveprovedtherightonesand,sadlyformanyjournalists,theycanbepushedfurther.Newspapersarebecomingmorebalancedbusinesses,withahealthiermixofrevenuesfromreadersandadvertisers.Americanpapershavelongbeenhighlyunusualintheirrelianceonads.Fully87%oftheirrevenuescamefromadvertisingin2008,accordingtotheOrganizationforEconomicCooperation&Development(OECD).InJapantheproportionis35%.Notsurprisingly,Japanesenewspapersaremuchmorestable.Thewhirlwindthatsweptthroughnewsroomsharmedeverybody,butmuchofthedamagehasbeenconcentratedinareaswherenewspaperareleastdistinctive.Carandfilmreviewershavegone.Sohavescienceandgeneralbusinessreporters.Foreignbureaushavebeensavagelycutoff.Newspapersarelesscompleteasaresult.Butcompletenessisnolongeravirtueinthenewspaperbusiness.Bysayin -4,Para.1),theauthorindicatesthatnewspaper.neglectedthesignofcrisisfailedtogetstatesubsidieswerenotcharitablecorporationswereinadesperatesituationSomenewspapersrefuseddeliverytodistantsuburbsprobablybecause.readersthreatenedtopaylessnewspaperswantedtoreducecostsjournalistsreportedlittleabouttheseareassubscriberscomplainedaboutslimmerproductsComparedwiththeirAmericancounterparts,Japanesenewspapersaremuchmorestablebecausethey.havemoresourcesofrevenuehavemorebalancednewsroomsarelessdependentonadvertisingarelessaffectedbyreadershipWhatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphaboutthecurrentnewspaperbusiness?Distinctivenessisanessentialfeatureofnewspapers.Completenessistoblameforthefailureofnewspaper.Foreignbureausplayacrucialroleinthenewspaperbusiness.Readershavelosttheirinterestincarandfilmreviews.Themostappropriatetitleforthistextwouldbe.AmericanNewspapers：StrugglingforSurvivalAmericanNewspapers：GonewiththeWindAmericanNewspapers：AThrivingBusinessAmericanNewspapers：AHopelessStoryText3WetendtothinkofthedecadesimmediatelyfollowingWorldWarIIasatimeofprosperityandgrowth,withsoldiersreturninghomebythemillions,goingofftocollegeontheG.I.Billandliningupatthemarriagebureaus.Butwhenitcametotheirhouses,itwasatimeofcommonsenseandabeliefthatlesscouldtrulybemore.DuringtheDepressionandthewar,Americanshadlearnedtolivewithless,andthatrestraint,incombinationwiththepostwarconfidenceinthefuture,madesmall,efficienthousingpositivelystylish.Economicconditionwasonlyastimulusforthetrendtowardefficientliving.The,thearchitectLudwigMiesvanderRohe,wholikeotherpeopleassociatedwiththeBauhaus,aschoolofdesign,emigratedtotheUnitedStatesbeforeWorldWarIIandtookuppostsatAmericanarchitectureschools.ThesedesignerscametoexertenormousinfluenceonthecourseofAmericanarchitecture,butnonemoresothatMies.Mies'ssignaturephrasemeansthatlessdecoration,properlyorganized,hasmoreimpactthatalot.Elegance,hebelieved,didnotderivefromabundance.Likeothermodernarchitects,heemployedmetal,glassandlaminatedwood-materialsthatwetakeforgrantedtodaybuythatinthe1940ssymbolizedthefuture.Mies'ssophisticatedpresentationmaskedthefactthatthespaceshedesignedweresmallandefficient,ratherthanbigandoftenempty.TheapartmentsintheeleganttowersMiesbuiltonChicago'sLakeShoreDrive,forexample,weresmaller-two-bedroomunitsunder1,000squarefeet-thanthoseintheirolderneighborsalongthecity'sGoldCoast.Buttheywerepopularbecauseoftheirairyglasswalls,theviewstheyaffordedandtheeleganceofthebuildings'detailsandproportions,thearchitecturalequivalentoftheabstractartsopopularatthetime.startedbuildingmoremodestandefficienthouses-usuallyaround1,200squarefeet-thanthespreadingtwo-storyoneshehaddesignedinthe1890sandtheearly20thcentury.CaliforniaArts&Architecturemagazinebetween1945and1962wereyetanotherlandscape,newmaterialsandforthrightdetailing.InhisCaseStudyHouse,Ralpheverydaylife-fewAmericanfamiliesacquiredhelicopters,thoughmosteventuallygotclothesdryers-buthisbeliefthatself-sufficiencywasbothdesirableandinevitablewaswidelyshared.ThepostwarAmericanhousingstylelargelyreflectedtheAmericans'.prosperityandgrowthefficiencyandpracticalityrestraintandconfidenceprideandfaithfulnessWhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromParagraph3aboutBauhaus?ItwasfoundedbyLudwigMiesvanderRohe.ItsdesigningconceptwasaffectedbyWorldWarII.MostAmericanarchitectsusedtobeassociatedwithit.IthadagreatinfluenceuponAmericanarchitecture.Miesheldthateleganceofarchitecturaldesign.wasrelatedtolargespacewasidentifiedwithemptinesswasnotreliantonabundantdecorationwasnotassociatedwithefficiencyWhatistrueabouttheapartmentsMiesbuildingChicago'sLakeShoreDrive?Theyignoreddetailsandproportions.Theywerebuiltwithmaterialspopularatthattime.Theyweremorespaciousthanneighboringbuildings.Theysharedsomecharacteristicsofabstractart.?Mechanicaldeviceswerewidelyused.NaturalscenesweretakenintoconsiderationDetailsweresacrificedfortheoveralleffect.Eco-friendlymaterialswereemployed.Text4WilltheEuropeanUnionmakeit?Thequestionwouldhavesoundedstrangenotlongago.Noweventheproject'sgreatestcheerleaderstalkofacontinentfacinga,populationdeclineandlowergrowth.Aswellasthosechronicproblems,theEUfaceanacutecrisisinitseconomiccore,the16countriesthatusethesinglecurrency.Marketshavelostfaiththattheeurozone'seconomies,weakerorstronger,willonedayconvergethankstothedisciplineofsharingasinglecurrency,whichdeniesuncompetitivemembersthequickfixofdevaluation.YetthedebateabouthowtosaveEurope'ssinglecurrencyfromdisintegrationisstuck.Itisstuckbecausetheeurozone'sdominantpowers,FranceandGermany,agreeontheneedforgreaterharmonizationwithintheeurozone,butdisagreeaboutwhattoharmonies.Germanythinkstheeuromustbesavedbystricterrulesonborrowspendingandcompetitiveness,barkedbyquasi-automaticsanctionsforgovernmentsthatdonotobey.ThesemightincludethreatstofreezeEUfundsforpoorerregionsandEUmega-projectsandeventhesuspensionofacountry'svotingrightsinEUministerialcouncils.Itinsiststhateconomicco-ordinationshouldinvolveall27membersoftheEUclub,amongwhomthereisasmallmajorityforfree-marketliberalismandeconomicrigour；intheinnercorealone,Germanyfears,asmallmajorityfavourFrenchinterference.,thatmeanspoliticiansinterveninginmonetarypolicyandasystemofredistributionfromrichertopoorermembers,viacheaperborrowingforgovernmentsthroughcommonEurobondsorcompletefiscaltransfers.Finally,figuresclosetotheFrancegovernmenthavemurmured,curo-zonemembersshouldagreetosomefiscalandsocialharmonization：e.g.,curbingcompetitionincorporate-taxratesorlabourcosts.ItistoosoontowriteofftheEU.Itremainstheworld'slargesttradingblock.Atitsbest,theEuropeanprojectisremarkablyliberal：builtaroundasinglemarketof27richandpoorcountries,itsinternalbordersarefarmoreopentogoods,capitalandlabourthananycomparabletradingarea.Itisanambitiousattempttobluntthesharpestedgesofglobalization,andmakecapitalismbenign.TheEUisfacedwithsomanyproblemsthat.ithasmoreorlesslostfaithinmarketsevenitssupportersbegintofeelconcernedsomeofitsmembercountriesplantoabandoneuroitintendstodenythepossibilityofdevaluationThedebateovertheEU'ssinglecurrencyisstuckbecausethedominantpowers.arecompetingfortheleadingpositionarebusyhandlingtheirowncrisesfailtoreachanagreementonharmonizationdisagreeonthestepstowardsdisintegrationTosolvetheeuroproblem,Germanyproposedthat.EUfundsforpoorregionsbeincreasedstricterregulationsbeimposedonlycoremembersbeinvolvedineconomicco-ordinationvotingrightsoftheEUmembersbeguaranteedTheFrenchproposalofhandlingthecrisisimpliesthat——.poorcountriesaremorelikelytogetfundsstrictmonetarypolicywillbeappliedtopoorcountriesloanswillbereadilyavailabletorichcountriesrichcountrieswillbasicallycontrolEurobondsRegardingthefutureoftheEU,theauthorseemstofeel__.pessimisticdesperateconceitedhopefulPartBDirections：Readthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbyfindinginformationfromtherightcolumnthatcorrespondstoeachofthemarkeddetailsgivenintheleftcolumn.Therearetwoextrachoicesintherightcolumn.MarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1.(10points)46.Direction：InthissectionthereisatextinEnglish.TranslateitintoChinese，writeyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)Whowouldhavethoughtthat,globally,theITindustryproducesaboutthesamevolumesofgreenhousegasesastheworld'sairlinesdo-rough2percentofallCO2emissions?Manyeverydaytaskstakeasurprisingtollontheenvironment.AGooglesearchcanleakbetween0.2and7.0gramsofCO2dependingonhowmanyattemptsareneededto,then,Googlehastomaintainvastdatacentresroundtheworld,packedwithpowerfulcomputers.WhileproducinglargequantitiesofCO2,thesecomputersemitagreatdealofheat,sothecentresneedtobewellair-conditioned,whichusesevenmoreenergy.However,Googleandotherbigtechprovidersmonitortheirefficiencycloselyandmakeimprovements.Monitoringisthefirststepontheroadtoreduction,butthereismuchtobedone,andnotjustbybigcompanies.2011考研英語(二)小作文supposeyourcousinLIMINGhasjustbeenadmitedtoauniversitywritehim/heraletterto:Congratulatehim/her,andgivehim/hersuggestionsonhowtogetpreparedforuniversitylifeyoushouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.2011考研英語(二)大作文writeashortessaybaesdonthefollowingchart.inyourwriting,youshould:interpretthechartandgiveyourcommentsyoushouldwriteatleast150wrodswriteyouressayonanswersheet2(15points)次6、梱瞬軍astesf分匚品耳階靈示:KB】參考答案客觀題1-5ACBDD6-10BACCA11-15DBACA16-20CDACD21-25BBDAA26-30DBCBB31-35BDCDB36-40DCBAC41-45EDCFG46.翻譯有誰會想到,在全球范圍內(nèi),IT行業(yè)產(chǎn)生的溫室氣體跟全球航空公司產(chǎn)生的ー樣多?占二氧化碳總排量的2%.很多日常工作對環(huán)境造成了讓人震驚的破壞作用。根據(jù)你查詢正確答案的嘗試次數(shù)，谷歌搜索引擎會插手0.2-y克的二氧化碳的排放量。要快速將結果傳遞給用戶，谷歌必須用強大和大量的計算機系統(tǒng)來維護全球巨大的數(shù)據(jù)庫中心。這些計算機在散發(fā)大量熱量的同時也產(chǎn)生大量的二氧化碳氣體。所以中心處理器必須要有很好的散熱裝備，然而卻耗能更多。2011考研英語（二）小作文supposeyourcousinLIMINGhasjustbeenadmitedtoauniversitywritehim/heraletterto:Congratulatehim/her,andgivehim/hersuggestionsonhowtogetpreparedforuniversitylifeyoushouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.英語(二)小作文范文:ALettertoLimingJan-15-2011DearLiming,Congraduateonyousuccessinpassingtheentranceexamination.Now,pleaseallowmetogiveyousomesuggestionduringyourholidays.Firstofall,youshouldread.Becauseitmakesafullman.Readingduringtheholidayhelpsyougetthehabitofitthatwhenyoubecomeafreshman.Collegelifeissoplentifulbutreadingisthemostimportantthing.Second,todosomehouseworkcanbringyouanothe