測(cè)量實(shí)習(xí)報(bào)告

實(shí)習(xí)報(bào)告一、實(shí)習(xí)目的控制測(cè)量的實(shí)訓(xùn)，主要是學(xué)習(xí)全站儀基本的操作和使用方法，本次實(shí)習(xí)的內(nèi)容主要是坐標(biāo)測(cè)量?？刂茰y(cè)量學(xué)習(xí)的主要目是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生理論聯(lián)系實(shí)際的能力、動(dòng)手能力、實(shí)事求是的科學(xué)態(tài)度、刻苦耐勞的工作作風(fēng)和互相協(xié)作的團(tuán)隊(duì)精神；熟悉掌握全站儀的使用方法;培養(yǎng)一絲不茍的測(cè)繪技術(shù)工作態(tài)度、培養(yǎng)吃苦耐勞、團(tuán)結(jié)友愛、集體協(xié)助的精神。二、實(shí)習(xí)時(shí)間2012年7月7號(hào)-7月13號(hào)三、實(shí)習(xí)地點(diǎn)內(nèi)蒙古財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)西區(qū)測(cè)區(qū)地貌：測(cè)區(qū)地勢(shì)平坦，主要以草地小路為主，通視情況一般，有些地方起伏很大，樹木遮擋嚴(yán)重。四、實(shí)習(xí)任務(wù)利用全站儀進(jìn)行平面控制測(cè)量五、實(shí)習(xí)內(nèi)容（一）動(dòng)員大會(huì)，分發(fā)儀器（二）找控制點(diǎn)遵循“先控制后碎部”的原則，所以測(cè)量實(shí)習(xí)是以周老師帶領(lǐng)全班同學(xué)找控制點(diǎn)正式開始的。選擇的控制點(diǎn)之間必須是通視的，且所選的點(diǎn)最好是顯而易見的。實(shí)習(xí)的地點(diǎn)是熟悉的校園，然而18個(gè)控制點(diǎn)找完，唯一的感覺卻是：原來學(xué)校這么大。所選的控制點(diǎn)以Ni(i=1…18)為標(biāo)記。后補(bǔ)測(cè)了4個(gè)控制點(diǎn)，標(biāo)記為Zi(i=1…4)。（三）控制測(cè)量所謂的控制測(cè)量，就是要用較精密的儀器和較嚴(yán)格的方法，測(cè)定分布在測(cè)區(qū)中的少量控制點(diǎn)，作為測(cè)圖或施工放樣的框架和依據(jù)，以保證測(cè)區(qū)的整體精度。測(cè)量之前周老師講了一些儀器的使用方法和控制測(cè)量的步驟及大體原則。設(shè)置測(cè)站安置儀器：對(duì)中、整平，開機(jī)。量取儀器高、后視棱鏡高，測(cè)量溫度、氣壓。在測(cè)距模式下輸入溫度、氣壓值，回車確認(rèn)。在坐標(biāo)測(cè)量模式下，選擇“工作文件”下的“設(shè)置測(cè)站”輸入測(cè)站點(diǎn)信息。可調(diào)用內(nèi)存中的已知點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)、高程等數(shù)據(jù)，回車確認(rèn)。設(shè)置“后視”，可調(diào)用內(nèi)存中的已知點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)、高程等數(shù)據(jù)，回車確認(rèn)。瞄準(zhǔn)后視棱鏡，按“YES”鍵確認(rèn)。檢查點(diǎn)位誤差，即經(jīng)緯儀測(cè)圖法中的方向檢查。測(cè)量鄰近控制點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)、高程，記錄檢查值與理論值比較，確認(rèn)誤差大小是否滿足測(cè)圖精度要求。例如，老師規(guī)定N1（1000，1000，1000）以及北坐標(biāo)，將儀器設(shè)在N1，N2作為后視，儀器就會(huì)顯示出N2的坐標(biāo)，然后記錄。那么遵循“步步檢測(cè)”的原則，將儀器設(shè)在N2的時(shí)候，檢測(cè)N1的坐標(biāo)?？刂茰y(cè)量要求精度比較高，雖然經(jīng)過了“步步檢測(cè)”，最后回到原點(diǎn)的時(shí)候，誤差依然不在允許范圍之內(nèi)，這次測(cè)量的除了讓整個(gè)小組大受打擊之外，讓我們更加深刻的認(rèn)識(shí)到“測(cè)量實(shí)際工作中，嚴(yán)格的測(cè)量方法和高度集中精力的重要性”，這也為我們?cè)诮酉聛淼摹八椴繙y(cè)量”奠定了基礎(chǔ)。（四）碎部測(cè)量將內(nèi)蒙古財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)分為七個(gè)測(cè)區(qū)，我們小組是圖書館前面的空曠區(qū)域，所以引進(jìn)的控制點(diǎn)較少。所謂的碎部測(cè)量，是指在每個(gè)控制點(diǎn)上施測(cè)周圍測(cè)區(qū)地形或放樣需要施工的點(diǎn)位。碎部測(cè)量時(shí)，操作較控制測(cè)量時(shí)簡(jiǎn)單：將儀器架在控制點(diǎn)上，對(duì)準(zhǔn)碎部點(diǎn)（特征地物），直接記錄、保存即可。根據(jù)理論知識(shí)“碎部點(diǎn)的選擇應(yīng)根據(jù)測(cè)圖比例尺、測(cè)圖規(guī)范、地形圖圖式有關(guān)規(guī)定綜合考慮進(jìn)行選擇”，我們選擇的特征地物有：路燈、花壇、噴泉、綠化帶、小湖等。在碎部測(cè)量的時(shí)候，立尺沒有控制測(cè)量時(shí)要求高，測(cè)出的點(diǎn)位必須在草圖上標(biāo)明。六、實(shí)習(xí)感想通過幾天的測(cè)量實(shí)習(xí)，除了鍛煉了很多測(cè)繪的基本能力，比如，儀器的用途，儀器的各種使用方法，儀器的檢驗(yàn)和校正方法；還掌握了一些科學(xué)的測(cè)量方法和測(cè)量原則，比如：“從整體到局部”、“先控制后碎部”、“由高級(jí)到低級(jí)”的工作原則以及“步步有檢核”的工作態(tài)度。除此之外，最大的收獲卻是同學(xué)之間的感情。從小組的團(tuán)結(jié)—不想落后，所以一致同意最早起床，測(cè)錯(cuò)了重頭再來；到小組之間的友愛—大學(xué)的第二次實(shí)習(xí)，陪伴我的除了熟悉的老師同學(xué)以外，還有不離不棄的腿疼。所以我被格外關(guān)照，只做一些輕巧的工作（比如記錄），即使立尺組長(zhǎng)也會(huì)騎車帶著跑來跑去。雖說團(tuán)結(jié)友愛這些老掉牙的美好品德在如今只會(huì)出現(xiàn)在小學(xué)的課本里，可是多年以后的實(shí)習(xí)課，班里同學(xué)的互幫互助的確讓我感動(dòng)。依稀還記得，12號(hào)的夜晚，14號(hào)樓的女生樓道里，大家一起學(xué)習(xí)如何操作儀器，“為什么這樣操作，原理是什么”的問題也常有；依稀也記得，13號(hào)的夜晚，全班同學(xué)在一起當(dāng)了生平中的第一次“交警”，報(bào)警、攔車、調(diào)監(jiān)控。這些都是小小的插曲，卻是實(shí)習(xí)中美好的回憶，暖暖的，匯成河，一直流淌在我們的心中。其實(shí)，測(cè)量實(shí)習(xí)中本身的苦與累在之后的回憶里已經(jīng)忘得一干二凈，我想我收獲的是能力與成長(zhǎng)。附錄一：控制點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)控制點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)NEHN11000.0001000.0001000.000N21033.114898.8061000.6310N31125.671914.3051001.896N41244.129898.2871003.916N51404.198890.1981005.976N61507.890882.4231007.680N71644.879908.3021010.163N81661.6201087.5931007.688N91667.7421172.3341007.124N101690.6021276.6381006.181N111623.5971480.1251003.580N121534.5011460.3711003.231N131420.2821546.6621001.380N141251.0031567.650999.829N151066.7321591.432998.533N161043.9331428.313998.275N171013.1001238.790998.912N181011.5721101.310999.461Z11165.9771100.4401001.100Z21332.3381088.9231003.320Z31363.4721281.7081003.460Z41490.6361367.1481003.997附錄二：第四組（地圖簡(jiǎn)要概括）D1-D2-D3-D4-D5-D6綠化帶D7-D9-D51-D52綠化帶D10-D11-D12-D13-D14-D15-D16噴泉D18-D19-D20-D40-D41-D48綠化帶D46-D17-D49-D50綠化帶D53-D54-D55-D56綠化帶D57-D58-D59-D60-D61-D62綠化帶D63-D64-D65-D66-D67-D68綠化帶D102-D103-D104-D105-D106-D107綠化帶D96-D97-D98-D99-D100-D101綠化帶D69-D70-D72-D71綠化帶D92-D93-D94-D95綠化帶D73-D74-D75-D76-D77-D78綠化帶D86-D87-D88-D89-D90-D91綠化帶D81-D82-D83-D84-D85-D79-D80噴泉D144-D145-D146-D147綠化帶D140-D141-D142-D143綠化帶D21-D190-D114-D113-D112-D111-D110-D109-D108-D45-D44-D43-D42綠化帶(D45-D44-D43為燈)D116-D117-D118-D184-D191綠化帶D167-D168-D169-D170-D162-D163-D174-D164湖D169-D176-D175-D174橋D179-D180-D175-D181-D182路（沿湖）D138-D137-D132-D130-D129-D128-D127-D126-D125-D123-D122-D151-D152-D159-D139綠化帶D153-D154-D155小路D131-D161-D160小路D186-D187-D188-D189綠化帶D183-D184-D249-D235大馬路（D249-D235段為土路）D22-D241-D227-D228綠化帶D235-D224-D225綠化帶（矩形）D225-D241-D249土路工地（矩形）D197-D196-D195-D221-D223-D233-D148-D215-D150鏡湖D238-D237-D236-D25-D27-D29門衛(wèi)D34-D36-D38-D33門衛(wèi)D30-D31大門D260-D261-D262-D263-D264-D265-D266-D267-D252-D268-D269-D270-D271-D272-D273-D274土路路燈D247-D246-D245-D244-D243-D242-D239-D23-D24-D26-D28-D30-D31-D32-D35-D37-D39-D194-D193-D192-D185二環(huán)公路路燈附錄三：第四小組碎部點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)n161428.3131043.933998.275n171238.7901013.100998.912d11435.1671059.039998.418d21434.5481069.388998.574d31428.6771080.294998.701d41409.3031079.038998.709d51408.9791065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