2016tq?？荚囶}英語

太奇2016年管理類專業(yè)學(xué)位全國聯(lián)考

英語（二）測試A2

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:Readthefollowingtext.ForeachnumberedblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET.(10points)

OnehundredandthirteenmillionAmericanshaveatleastonebank-issuedcreditcard.Theygivetheirownersautomatic1instores,restaurants,andhotels,athome,acrossthecountry,andevenabroad,andtheymakemanybankingservices2aswell.Moreandmoreofthosecreditcardscanbe3automatically,making4possibletowithdrawor5moneyinscatteredlocations,whetherornotthelocalbranchbankisopen.Formanyofusthe"cashlesssociety"isnot6 it'salreadyhere.

7computersoffertheseconveniencestoconsumers,theyhavemany8forsellerstoo.Electroniccashregisterscandomuchmorethansimply9sales.Theycankeepawide10ofrecords,includingwhosoldwhat,whenandtowhom.Thisinformationallowsbusinessmento11trackoftheirlistofgoods12showingwhichitemsarebeingsoldandhowfasttheyaremoving.13toreorderorreturngoodstosupplierscanthenbemade.Atthesametimethesecomputersrecordwhich14arethebusiestandwhichemployeesarethemostefficient,allowingpersonnelandstaffingassignmentstobemade15.Andtheyalso16preferredcustomersforpromotionalcampaigns.Computersarereliedonbymanufacturersfor17reasons.Computer-analyzedmarketingreportscanhelptodecidewhichproductstoemphasizenow,whichtodevelopforthefutureandwhichtodrop.Computerskeeptrackofgoodsin

18,ofrawmaterials19hand,andevenoftheproductionprocessitself.

Numerousothercommercialenterprises,fromtheaterstomagazinepublishers,fromgasandelectric20tomilkprocessors,bringbetterandmoreefficientservicestoconsumersthroughtheuseofcomputers.

1.[A]mortgage

[B]acknowledgement

[C]loan

[D]credit

2.[A]available

[B]profitable

[C]homogeneous

[D]instantaneous

3.[A]issued

[B]read

[C]taken

[D]used

4.[A]it

[B]that

[C]those

[D]them

5.[A]lodge

[B]secure

[C]input

[D]deposit

6.[A]ontheair

[B]inthedistance

[C]onthehorizon

[D]beforelong

7.[A]While

[B]When

[C]If

[D]Though

8.[A]drawbacks

[B]handicaps

[C]rewards

[D]advantages

9.[A]bringup

[B]ringup

[C]showup

[D]markup

10.[A]range

[B]area

[C]field

[D]scope

11.[A]take

[B]follow

[C]keep

[D]make

12.[A]with

[B]through

[C]in

[D]by

13.[A]Resolutions

[B]Determinations

[C]Requirements

[D]Decisions

14.[A]ages

[B]hours

[C]times

[D]eras

15.[A]respectively

[B]rationally

[C]accordingly

[D]justifiably

16.[A]identify

[B]recognize

[C]distinguish

[D]discriminate

17.[A]comparative

[B]dissimilar

[C]compatible

[D]similar

18.[A]stock

[B]order

[C]store

[D]cash

19.[A]at

[B]by

[C]under

[D]on

20.[A]utilities

[B]appliances

[C]apparatus

[D]equipment

SectionII ReadingComprehensionPartA

Directions:Readthefollowingpassages.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachpassagebychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

ONCEUPONAtime,governingtheFacebookcommunitywasrelativelysimple,becauseusers—mostlyAmericancollegestudents—sharedatleastsomeculturalcontextforwhatwasandwasn’tacceptable.ButnowFacebook’s1.39billionusersspanarangeofages,ethnicities,religions,genderidentities,andnationalities,andFacebook’sabilitytocreateaspacethatmeetseveryone’sdefinitionof“safe”increasinglyhasbeencalledintoquestion.

Whichiswhytoday,Facebookupdateditscommunityguidelines,spellingoutinunprecedenteddetailwhatconstitutesunacceptablebehavior.YettheunwieldyspecificityofthenewguidelinesonlyprovesthatFacebook’spoliciesandproceduressurroundinguseractivitywillneverbeafinishedproduct.Astheworld’slargestsocialnetwork,Facebookcertainlycanlearnalotfromthepast,butitcanneverfullyanticipatethefuture.

“It’sachallengetomaintainonesetofstandardsthatmeetstheneedsofadiverseglobalcommunity,”Facebookexecutiveswroteinanewsreleaseannouncingtheupdate.“Foronething,peoplefromdifferentbackgroundsmayhavedifferentideasaboutwhat’sappropriatetoshare—avideopostedasajokebyonepersonmightbeupsettingtosomeoneelse,butitmay

notviolateourstandards.”

Thenewguidelinesaddresseverythingfromhatespeechtonudity,makingitclearthatthingslikerevengeporn,graphicimagesthatglorifyviolence,andpoststhatthreatenselfharmorharmtoothersareexplicitlyprohibited.Asalways,anyonewhoviolatestheserulesrunstheriskofhavingtheirposts—ortheiraccounts—blocked.Accordingtothepost,theupdatestoFacebook’scommunityguidelinesaren’tsomuchtweakstotheguidelines,butfullyformedexplanationsofhowFacebookhistoricallyhasassessedcontroversialcontent.Forinstance,thoughFacebookalwayshashadapolicyagainstnudity,thenewguidelinesgetveryspecificaboutwhattypeofnuditythatrulerefersto.

Thisandotherlinesinthecommunityguidelinesrevealjusthowreactionarymanyoftheserulesare.Facebook’santi-nuditypolicieshave,inthepast,provokedtheireofbreastcancersurvivorswhosepost-surgeryphotosrepeatedlywereremoved.Bannedphotosofbreastfeedinghavebeensimilarlycontroversial.

Facebookimproveditsgoverningrulesto

manageitsusersmoreefficientlyandproperly

seewhethertheregulationsareusefulandpractical

liveuptodifferentinterpretationsofsecurity

provewhetherthefutureispredictableandpromising

Itishead-scratchingtocreateuniversalcriteriabecause

thenumberofitsusersisreallyamazing

viewsvaryaccordingtodivergentcontexts

differentpeopletendtotelldifferentjokes

jokesareimproperundersomecircumstances

WhichofthefollowingcontentswillnotbeforbiddeninFacebook?

autonomy B.pornography

C.auto-mutilation D.bodyexposure

Breastcancersurvivors’attitudetowardstheserulescanbedescribedas

analytical B.supportive

C.objective D.disapproving

Thebesttitleofthispassagemaybe

Facebook:TimetoSayNo

Facebook:TimetoTakeAction

Facebook:TimetoMakeaChange

Facebook:TimetoForbidViolence

Text2

Inhis1964bookGamesPeoplePlay,psychiatristEricBernedescribeswhathecallsthe“Yes,but”communicationpattern:First,onepersonstatesaproblem.Next,anotherpersonrespondsbyofferingsuggestionsonhowtotackleit.Thefirstthensays,“Yes,but…”andproceedstoshootdownanysolutionsoffered.

“Becauseproblem-solvingisnotthepurposeoftheexchange,”Bernewrites.“Itspurposeistoallowthesubjecttogainsympathyfromothersinhisinadequacytomeetthesituation.”There’sevenanameforthistypeofpersoninpsychologycircles:the“help-rejectingcomplainers.”

Butresearchhasshownthatcomplaining,whendoneright,canalsohaveitspsychologicaladvantages.“Complainingallowsustoachievedesiredoutcomessuchassympathyandattention,”saysRobinKowalski,apsychologyprofessoratClemsonUniversity.“Thetruthis,everybodydoesit.”Arecentstudy,publishedbyKowalskiandhercolleaguesintheJournalofSocialPsychology,examinedrelationshipsbetweenmindfulness(focusingone’sattentiononthepresentmoment),happiness,andexpressionsofannoyance.

Thestudyparticipants,410maleandfemalecollegestudents,listedthepetpeevestheyhadwithacurrentorformerrelationshippartner.Theyalsocompletedaquestionnairetomeasuretheirhappiness,positiveandnegativeaffect,depression,mindfulness,relationshipsatisfaction,andoveralllifesatisfaction.Thosewhocomplainedwiththehopeofachievingacertainresult,thestudyfound,tendedtobehappierthanthosewhosimplydidsoforitsownsake.

AccordingtoKowalski,thereisapositiverelationshipbetweenhappinessandmindfulness,ortheabilitytofocusonone’sthoughtsandemotionsinthepresentmoment.Shecitesa2006studythatfoundthatapproximately40percentofhappinessmaybedeterminedbyintentionalactivities,likeconsciouslyadoptinganoptimisticattitudeandseekingoutnewadventures.

Likehappiness,mindfulnessisconnectedtoasenseofdeliberateness—moremindfulpeopletendtobemoreawareofhowtheircurrentactionscanaffectfutureoutcomes.Kowalskipostulatesinherpetpeevesstudythathappier,moremindfulindividualsmaybebetteratmodulatingtheircomplaints,preferringtocomplainonlywhenitservesapurpose.Bycontrast,shesays,peoplewhoarelessmindfulmaycomplainmoreoften,buttolessereffect.

Theword“tackle”inthefirstparagraphmeans

A.address B.figureout C.face D.answer

Wecanlearnfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthat

complainersrequiremercyinsteadofaid

thisnegativeconversationalmodelisdetrimental

handlingtheproblemisnotcomplainers’target

thisharmfulcommunicationwayisnotuncommon

WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheresearchisFalse?

Propercomplaintisbeneficialtopeople’smentalhealth

Nobodycanavoidexpressingthedissatisfactionwithsomething

Complaintshelptogainothers’pityanddrawtheireyeballs

Thereisalinkamongconcentration,satisfactionandresentfulness

Thecaseintheparagraph4isusedtoillustrate

preciseresultscomesfromsufficientsamples

puregrumbleaboutmattersislesspleasing

genderdifferenceshouldbeconsidered

conflictamongpartnersisinevitable

Lessmindfulnessmayproducelessimpactbecause

lesssenseofsatisfactioncanbeproducedandfelt

lessimportancecanbeattachedtoadjustingcomplaints

lesspredictabilityofthefutureresultsismade

lessawarenessofhowthepresentinfluencesthefuture

Text3

Googleintendstobethecenteroftheconnectedhomewithitsnew“internetofthings”operatingsystem,Brillo.GoogleBrilloisdesignedtorunonandconnectmultiplelow-powerdevices,connectinganythingfromawashingmachinetoarubbishbinandlinkinginwithexistingGoogletechnologies.

Themoveisanexpansionofthecompany’sAndroidmobileoperatingsystem,whichpowersmorethanhalfoftheworld’ssmartphones,andtherecentacquisitionofNest–asmart-devicecompanywithalearningthermostatandsmokealarm.Brilloisdesignedtobeabare-bonessystemthatallowseasyconnectionbetweendevices.ItwouldgiveGoogleabeachheadintotheexpandingconnecteddeviceecosystem.PartofestablishingthatbeachheadisWeave,acompetingstandardtoApple’sHomeKit(settorampuplaterthisyear),whichcanworkindependentlyofBrillo.

“Weaveisavailablecross-platform,”saidGoogleseniorvice-presidentSundarPichal.“YoucanhaveBrilloandWeavetogetheroryoucanhaveWeavealone.”Therewillalsobevoiceinterface,sothatwhenyoutalkyourrefrigeratorwilllisten.Theinternetofthings(IoT)

essentiallydescribesanenvironmentwhereeverythingisconnectedtotheinternet,creating“swarmintelligence”fromindividuallydumbdevices.Bins,toasters,roadsandlightswillbeabletotalktoeachotherforautomatic,moreefficientcontrolandmonitoring.Forinstance,abincouldtellthecouncilorcitywhenitisfullandneedscollecting,ratherthanjustonasetschedule.Afridgecoulddetectwhenthemilkisemptyandorderanotherpint.

TheIoThaspromisedmuchforyears–itwasrecentlyidentified,bytheresearchfirmGarner,asthemostover-hypedtechnologyindevelopment.OneofthebiggestissuesforIoTisthelackofinteroperablestandards.Googleisnottheonlycompanyinterestedintheconnecteddevicespace.HavingboughtIoTfirmSmartThings,Samsungrecentlypledgedtomakeeveryproductitproduces,fromwashingmachinestosmartphones,IoT-readyandconnectedtotheinternetwithinfiveyears.IoTrisksbecomingaformatwar,whereinyourBekoovendoesn’tspeaktoyourSmegfridge,becauseeachisusingproprietaryconnectionsandsoftware.SamsunghassaiditsIoTdeviceswillbeopentoconnectingtonon-Samsungdevices.Google,however,couldbewellplacedtoopenupanIoTecosystemfeaturingcompatibilitywithotherofferings.

Brilloisdevisedto

helpGooglecompeteforthelion’sshare

connectamajorityofenergy-savingequipments

improveGoogletechnologiesatastaggeringrate

eliminatethoseenergy-consumingfacilities

WhichofthefollowingstatementsisFalseaccordingtothesecondparagraph?A.lessthan50%ofsmartphoneownersuseotheroperatingsystemsbesidesAndroid

B.BrilliolaysasolidfoundationforGoogle’scompetitionagainstothers

C.CriteriaofWeaveandHomekitcanbedescribedas‘diamondcutdiamond’

D.Brilloisacomplicatedsystembywhichequipmentscanbeconnectedaccurately

Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothethirdparagraph?

TheessenceofIoTisthateverythingcanbeconnectedtoeachotherthroughthenet

Weaveisaconvenientsystemthatcanbeusedindependentlyorinotherplatforms

Muteequipmentcanconstitutean“intelligentgroup”inanenvironmentofIoT

Intelligentdevicescanunderstandpeople’sinstructionsmoreefficientlyandprecisely.

Itisimpliedinthelastparagraphthat

theIoTisregardedbysomecompaniesastheexaggeratedtechnology

othercompaniesarealsokeenonconnectingdifferentequipment

thepresenttechnologyisfarfromsatisfyingandapplicable

twocompaniesarenowconfrontedwithtwodifferentwars

Thebesttitleofthepassagemaybe

Strikewhiletheironishot

Adversitysuccessfullyovercomeisthehighestglory.

Theonlycertaintyisthatnothingiscertain

TheIoTeraisaroundthecorner

Text4

WhenvacationmakersandholidayplannersconsiderOrlando,Florida,it’slikelythattheirtreasuredmemoriesoftheswampy,centralcitydon’tinvolvemilitarytechnology.ButpriortotheambitiouslaunchofWaltDisneyWorldin1971,muchofOrlando’sburgeoningindustryrevolved–alongwithcitrusfruit–aroundtheMartincompany’spost-warmissilemanufacturing,includingColdWarfavoritethePershing.Itstechnologicalrootsarestillpresent,butthemostviciousandvisiblecommercialbattlesinOrlandonowaren’tbeingfoughtbetweencontractorsandnations,butbetweentwoofthebiggestthemeparkoperatorsintheworld.

Eachyear,WaltDisneyWorldattractsjustshyof50milliongueststhroughoutitsfourthemeparks,twowaterparksandhotelsonitsvast,oftenimpractical47-milesprawl.NewYorkGiantsquarterbackPhilSimmsstartedthetraditionoftheSuperBowlMVPutteringthenowwell-wornphrase“I’mgoingtoDisneyWorld”,buttodayit’sjustaslikelyhemighttakeadetourtoUniversalStudiosinstead.Openingin1990withindrivingdistanceoftheDisneyproperty,UniversalwasseenasthehippercousintoDisney’srelentlesscuddliness.ThelatterhasbeenknowntoaffectionatelymockTheMouseHouse,whereasthetraditionallyuber-politeDisneycompanyhashardlyeveracknowledgeditsloomingcompetitor.

Asearlyas1993,Universalanditsthen-ownersMCAhadannouncedahugeexpansionofthepark,eventhoughtheroboticrubbersharksinthesignatureJawsridewereprovingtobeanongoingheadache.ThecompanyhadbeguntopurchaselargepocketsoflandformerlyownedbyLockheedMartinthemselves,althoughunlikeWalt’stimely1960sAmericandream,thiscontemporaryresortwastobetight,accessibleandurban,asreflectedinitsinitialtitle,UniversalCity.

Bytheturnofthemillennium,asUniversalEscape,thesingleparkwassuddenlyaresortincorporatingitsownhotelsandnightlife.ButthecenterpiecewasIslandsofAdventure,animpressivebutwrong-marketed“nextgenerationthemepark”,whichwasoverseenbyStevenSpielberg.Whilenotquiteaflop,thegeneralfeelingwasthatUniversalwouldalwaysstruggletocompetewithahospitablerodent.

Thatchangedin2010,whenUniversalsuccessfullyrenderedJKRowling’sbehemothseriesofbooksandfilmsintoTheWizardingWorldofHarryPotter,avividrecreationofthefranchise’sHogwartsschoolandvillage.Atlonglast,Universalfinallyhadacastleallofitsown.

Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthat

Orlando’sentertainmentwasthrivingevenbefore70sof20thcentury

thecityroleofOrlandohaswitnessedtheearth-shakingchange

Orlandoisnowtheheavenforthosewhoarekeenontraveling

Orlando’sbusinesshasexperiencedupsanddownsinthepastdecades

Theword“accessible”inthethirdparagraphmaymean

A.reachable B.grounded C.friendly D.impartial

Theauthor’sattitudetoIslandsofAdventurecanbedescribedas

A.critical B.appreciative C.scornful D.dispassionate

Whatwouldbediscussedbytheauthorinthefollowingcontext?

Thefar-reachingimpactonfuture

Thecausesofchange

Otheralteredprograms

Othernew-constructedbuildings

Thepassagemainlycenterson

CompetitionandAdvancement

ComparisonandReflection

EndeavorandSurpassing

TraditionandDevelopment

PartB

Directions:Readthefollowingtextandanswerquestionsbyfindinginformationfromtherightcolumnthatcorrespondstoeachofthemarkeddetailsgivenintheleftcolumn.Therearetwoextrachoicesintheleftcolumn.(10points)

AsMoorsays,ifyou’reamanagerinaknowledge-drivenindustry,chancesareyou’reanexpertintheareayoumanage.Trytoimaginealeaderwithoutthisexpertisedoingyourjob.You’llprobablyconcludeitcouldn’tbedone.Butasyourcareeradvances,atsomepointyouwillbepromotedintoajobwhichincludesresponsibilityforareasoutsideyourspecialty.Yoursubordinateswillaskquestionsthatyoucannotanswerandmaynotevenunderstand.Howcanyouleadthemwhentheyknowalotmoreabouttheirworkthanyoudo?Welcometoreality:Youarenowtheleaderwithoutexpertise—andthisiswhereyou,possiblyforthefirsttimeinyourcareer,findyourselffailing.Youfeelfrustrated,tiredanddisoriented,evenangry.Thisis

thepointwherecareerscanderail.Ifyougettothispoint,orseeyourselfheadedinthisdirection,whatcanyoudo?

Tomassertsthatoneoftheprofounddifferencesbetweenthetwomanagerialstylesisthatthespecialistleaderfocusesonfacts,whereasthegeneralistleaderfocusesonrelationships.Aspecialistmanagerknowswhattodo;thegeneralistmanagerknowswhotocall.Thespecialistleadertellsherstafftheanswer,thegeneralistbringsthemtogethertocollectivelyfindtheanswer.

Rebeccapointsoutthatastheexpertleaderitwaseasytoseeyourcontribution:youweremakingdecisionsbasedonyouruniqueknowledge.Asageneralistyoucannotdotheworkdirectly,butyoucanenablethingstohappen.Abigpartofenablingthingstohappenwhenyouarenottheexpertinvolvesknowingwhentoleavethingsaloneandwhentointervene.Thisisn’teasybecauseyouhaveabroadarrayofresponsibilitiesandyouneedtobeabletotellataglancewheretroublelurks.

Richardholdsthatasageneralistleadermuchofyourvaluecomesfromyourabilitytoseethebigpicturebetterthanothersaroundyou.Youmightthinkofthespecialistleaderasheads-down,deepinconcentration,plottingadetailedcourseonamap,whilethegeneralistisheads-up,lookingaroundandnoticingwhatisgoingon.Howtodevelopageneralistperspective:AusefultacticfromconsultantRobKaiseristotaketheproblemyouarefocusingonandseehowitisaffectingthepeopletwolevelsbelowyou.Thenthinkhowtheproblemisaffectingpeopletwolevelsaboveyou.It’sasimpletactictodescribe,butitreallychallengesyoutothinkdeeply,andyoucandevelopaperspectivethatwillmakearealdifferencetotheorganization.Havingaperspectivethatmakesadifferenceisthevaluegeneralistleadersbringtotheorganizationandonethatmaybenoticeablyabsentinheads-downspecialistleaders.

41.Moordeems

A.theyconcentrateondifferentaspects

B.ageneralistismoreintelligentthanaspecialist

42.Tomcontends

C.aspecialistmanager’sservicescaneasilybefelt

43.Rebeccabelieves

D.anall-aroundexecutivepaysmuchattentiontooverallsituation

44.Richardmaintains

E.managers’speechisevenmoreconvincingwithfacts

45.Warwickholds

F.intangiblessometimesenhanceothers’assurednessofthelecture

G.anexecutivemaybecomeaspecialistinaknowledge-driven

industry

Warwickmentionsthatwhenyoumakeapresentationinyourareaofexpertiseyouareconfidentinthefactsandthefactsspeakforthemselves.Butwhatisitthat“speaks”whenthefactscan’tdoitforthemselves?Wheredoestheconfidencecomefromwhenyouareoutsideyourareaofexpertise?Asageneralistyoumustdrawonthatelusivequalityof“executivepresence”toinspireconfidenceinothers.

SectionIIITranslation

Directions:InthissectionthereisapassageinEnglish.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChineseandwriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET.(15points)

Thereisnomoreridiculedtypethantheself-helpbook.Admitthatyouregularlyturnto

suchtitlestohelpyoucopewithexistenceandyouareliabletoattractthescornandsuspicionofallwhoaspiretolookwell-educatedandserious.Itwasn’talwayslikethis.FortwothousandyearsinthehistoryoftheWest,theself-helpbookstoodasapeakofliteraryachievement.Sowhatexplainsthegradualdeclineintheprestigeofself-helpbooksthatcontinuestothisday?Akeypointwasthedevelopmentofthemodernuniversitysystemthatinthemid-19thcenturybecamethemainemployerforphilosophersandintellectualsandstartedtorewardthemnotforbeingconsoling,butforgettingfactsright.However,inthisdayandage,weneedself-helpbookslikeneverbefore.Inourcurrentmoralandpracticalconfusions,theself-helpbookiscryingouttobereborn.

SectionIVWriting

PartA

Directions:Writeanemailtoacompanytoapplyforafashiondesignerpositio