2023.06英語(yǔ)六級(jí)真題第1套

2023202361PAGE18頁(yè)2023年6月英語(yǔ)六級(jí)真題第1套PartIWriting (30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaythatbeginswiththesentence"Todaythereisagrowingawarenessthatmentalwell-beingneedstobegivenasmuchattentionasphysicalhealth."Youcanmakecomments,citeexamplesoruseyourpersonalexperiencestodevelopyouressay.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.PartIIListeningComprehension (30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecenter.Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard,A)Itwasspaciousandtranquil. C)Itwasshabbyandsolitary.Itwaswarmandcomfortable. D)Itwastinyandnoisy.A)Shenolongerhatespeopletalkingloudlyinthedorm.Shemissesherroommatessheusedtocomplainabout.Shebeginstoenjoythemoviessheoncefoundirritating.Shefindsthecrowdeddormascozyashernewapartment.A)Hefoundtheapartmentperfectlyfurnished. C)Hehadasimilarfeelingtothewoman's.Hehadafeelingofdespairandfrustration. D)Hefeltthenewplacewaslikeparadise.A)Gotoseethewoman'sapartment. C)Buysomefurnitureforthewoman.Makeaphonecalltohisparents. D)Decoratethewoman'sapartment.Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)Heworksasaliterarycritic. C)Hehasinitiatedauniversityreform.Hehostsaneducationalprogram. D)Hehaspublishedabookrecently.A)Itfailstokeepupwiththeradicalchangesofsociety.Itfailstoensureuniversitiesgetsufficientresources.Ithasnotpreparedyoungpeopleforthejobmarket.Ithasnotfosteredthegrowthoftheartsdisciplines.A)Moreofthebudgetshouldgotoscienceandtechnology.Theunderfundedmusicdisciplineshouldbeprioritized.Subdisciplineslikesculptureshouldgetmorefunding.Literatureshouldgetasmuchfundingasengineering.A)Buildaprosperousnation. C)Createingeniousartists.Makeskilledprofessionals. D)Cultivatebettercitizens.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecenter.Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Itisquitecommon. C)Itseldomannoyspeople.Itisrarelynoticed. D)Itoccurswhenoneisalone.A)Seeingthingsinblackandwhite.Engaginginregularcontemplation.Havingaspecialunderstandingofcreativity.Knowinghowtomaketheirmentalbatterieswork.A)Engaginginintenseactivity. C)Workingonaparticularproject.Fantasizinginone'sdowntime. D)Reflectingduringone'srelaxation.Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)FarmershelpedNativeAmericansgrowcrops.C)Thereexistedpostoffices.Therewereexpansiveuniversitycampuses. D)Migrantsfoundgoldthere.A)IthelpedtoboosttheeconomyintheAmericanWest.Itprovidedjobopportunitiesformanygoldseekers.Itextendedtheinfluenceofthefederalgovernment.Itkeptpeopleinthedesertsandplainsconnected.A)ItemployedNativeAmericanstoworkaspostmen.Itcommissionedprivatewagonstocarrythemail.Itsubsidizedthelocalswhoactedaspostmasters.Itcentralizedpostalservicesinitsremoteareas.A)Heanalyzedinteractivemapsofmailroutes.Hereadalargecollectionofbooksonthetopic.Heexamineditshistoricaltrendswithdatascience.Hecollecteddataaboutitsimpactonlocalbusiness.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassagesandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecenter.Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.A)Higherlevelsofanxietymayimprovepeople'smemory.Someexperiencesareeasiertorememberthanothers.Mostpeopletendtorememberthingsselectively.Simplethingsmayleaveadeepimpressiononone'smemory.A)Theyclassifiedtheparticipants'mindset.Theyshowedsomephotostotheparticipants.Theymeasuredtheparticipants'anxietylevels.Theytestedthesizeoftheparticipants'vocabulary.A)Anxietyhasbecomeaseriousproblemforanincreasingnumberofpeople.Extremelevelsofanxietycanadverselyaffectcognitiveperformance.Peoplediagnosedwithanxietydisordermayforgetthingsselectively.Thereisnodirectcorrelationbetweenmemoryandlevelsofanxiety.Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.A)Theycompareproductsfromdifferentcompaniesbeforemakingachoice.Theygetinformationfromotherconsumers'postingsandcomments.Theylosepatiencewhentheirphonecallisnopromptlyanswered.Theyexpecttogetinstantaneousresponsestotheirinquiry.A)Givingthemrewardsonthespot. C)Speakingdirectlytotheiremotions.Broadeningtheirscopeofinterest. D)Focusingonthedetailsoftheproduct.A)Changetherulesofthegameinthemarketeveryyear.Keepupwiththelatesttechnologicaldevelopments.Learnfromtechnologicalinnovatorstodobusiness.Makegreatereffortstobuildupconsumers’confidence.Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard,A)Peoplehaveonlyonesocialengagementperweek.Workingtogetherenhancesfriendship.Fewpeoplehavedevotedfriends.Friendshipsbenefitwork.A)Theimpactoffriendsonpeople'sself-esteem.Howsupportivefriendscanbeintheworkplace.Howtoboostone'ssenseofvalueandworthiness.Theroleoffamilytiesinpeople'smentalwell-being.A)Theyshowlittleinterestintheirfriends'work.Theytendtobemuchmoredifficulttomake.Theyaremoretrustworthyandreliable.Theyincreasepeople'sjobsatisfaction.A)Allowemployeestohaveaflexibleworkschedule.Encourageemployeestobefriendswithcolleagues.Helpemployeesbalanceworkandfamilyresponsibilities.Organizeactivitiestonourishfriendshipsoutsideofwork.PartIIIReadingComprehension (40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Scientistsrecentlyexaminedstudiesondogintelligenceandcomparedthemwithresearchintothemindsofotherintelligentanimals.Theresearchersfoundthatdogsareamongthemoreintelligentcarnivores(食肉動(dòng)物),socialhuntersanddomesticanimals,butthattheirintelligencedoesnot26otherintelligentanimalsinanyofthosecategories.Thoughasignificantbodyofresearchhasexamineddogcognition27,theauthorsofthisnewstudyfoundlittletowarrantthe28ofworkthathasbeendevotedtothetopic.StephenLea,leadauthorofthenewstudy,arguesthatmanyresearchersseemtohavedesignedtheirstudiesto29howcleverdogsare,ratherthansimplytostudydogs'brains.Leaandacolleagueexaminedmorethan300studiesofdogcognition,comparingthestudies'resultswiththosefromresearchintootheranimals.Theresearchersmadespecificcomparisonsbetweenthedifferentspeciesindifferentcategoriesofintelligence.Thesecomparisons30thatdogsareintelligent,buttheirintelligenceisnotas31assomeresearchersmighthavebelieved.Inmanyareas,though,comparisonswerenotpossible.Forexample,theresearchersnotedthatbothdogsandcatsareknowntobeabletorecognizeand32humanvoices.Buttheinvestigatorscouldnotfindanydatatoindicatewhichspeciescanrememberagreaternumberof33humanvoices,soitwasimpossibletocomparethetwoonthatfront.However,notallresearchersagree34withthefindingsofthisstudy.ZacharySilver,anAmericanresearcher,believestheauthorsofthenewstudy35theideathatanexcessiveamountofresearchhasbeendevotedtodogs,asthefieldofdogcognitionisyoung,andthereismuchtobelearnedabouthowdogsthink.affirmedaffirmedapproximatelycompletelydifferentiatedistinctdomainformidableoutperformedoverstatedpledgepreviouslyprospectiveprovesurpassvolumeSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymakingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.ThelifesavingpowerofgratitudeGratitudemaybemorebeneficialthanwecommonlysuppose.Onerecentstudyaskedparticipantstowriteanoteofthankstosomeoneandthenestimatehowsurprisedandhappytherecipientwouldfeel—animpactthattheyconsistentlyunderestimated.Anotherstudyassessedthehealthbenefitsofwritingthank-younotes.Theresearchersfoundthatwritingasfewasthreeweeklythank-younotesoverthecourseofthreeweeksimprovedlifesatisfaction,increasedhappyfeelingsandreducedsymptomsofdepression.Whilethisresearchintogratitudeisrelativelynew,theprinciplesinvolvedareanythingbut.StudentsofmineinapoliticalphilosophycourseatIndianaUniversityarereadingDanielDefoe's300-year-oldRobinsonCrusoe,oftenregardedasthefirstnovelpublishedinEnglish.Leftaloneonanunknownislandwithnoapparentprospectofrescueorescape,Crusoehasmuchtolament(悲).Butinsteadofgivingintodespair,hemakesalistofthingsforwhichheisgrateful,includingthefactthatheisthesolesurvivorfromtheshipwreck海難)andhasbeenabletosalvagemanyusefulitemsfromthewreckage.Defoe'smasterpiece,whichisoftenrankedasoneoftheworld'sgreatestnovels,providesaportraitofgratitudeinactionthatisastimelyandrelevanttodayasithaseverbeen.Itisalsoonewithwhichcontemporarypsychologyandmedicinearejustbeginningtocatchup.Simplyput,formostofus,itisfarmorehelpfultofocusonthethingsinlifeforwhichwecanexpressgratitudethanthosethatinclineustowardresentmentandlamentation.Whenwefocusonthethingsweregret,suchasfailedrelationships,familydisputes,andsetbacksincareerandfinance,wetendtobecomemoreregretful.Conversely,whenwefocusonthethingswearegratefulfor,agreatersenseofhappinesstendstospreadthroughourlives.Andwhilenoonewouldargueforcultivatingafalsesenseofblessedness,thereismountingevidencethatcountingourblessingsisoneofthebesthabitswecandeveloptopromotementalandphysicalhealth.Gratitudehaslongenjoyedaprivilegedpositioninmanyoftheworld'sculturaltraditions.Forexample,someancientWesternphilosopherscounselgratitudethatisbothenduringandcomplete,andsomeEasternthinkersportrayitasnotmerelyanattitudebutavirtuetobeputintopractice.Recentscientificstudiessupporttheseancientteachings.Individualswhoregularlyengageingratitudeexercises,suchascountingtheirblessingsorexpressinggratitudetoothers,exhibitincreasedsatisfactionwithrelationshipsandfewersymptomsofphysicalillness.Andthebenefitsarenotonlypsychologicalandphysical.Theymayalsobemoral—thosewhopracticegratitudealsoviewtheirliveslessmaterialisticallyandsufferfromlessenvy.Therearemultipleexplanationsforsuchbenefitsofgratefulness.Oneisthefactthatexpressinggratitudeencouragesotherstocontinuebeinggenerous,thuspromotingavirtuouscycleofgoodnessinrelationships.Similarly,gratefulpeoplemaybemorelikelytoreciprocate回報(bào))withactsofkindnessoftheirown.Broadlyspeaking,acommunityinwhichpeoplefeelgratefultooneanotherislikelytobeamorepleasantplacetolivethanonecharacterizedbymutualsuspicionandresentment.Thebeneficialeffectsofgratitudemayextendevenfurther.Forexample,whenmanypeoplefeelgoodaboutwhatsomeoneelsehasdoneforthem,theyexperienceasenseofbeingliftedup,withacorrespondingenhancementoftheirregardforhumanity.Someareinspiredtoattempttobecomebetterpeoplethemselves,doingmoretohelpbringoutthebestinothersandbringingmoregoodnessintotheworldaroundthem.Gratitudealsotendstostrengthenasenseofconnectionwithothers.Whenpeoplewanttodogoodthingsthatinspiregratitude,thelevelofdedicationinrelationshipstendstogrowandrelationshipsseemtolastlonger.Andwhenpeoplefeelmoreconnected,theyaremorelikelytochoosetospendtheirtimewithoneanotheranddemonstratetheirfeelingsofaffectionindailyacts.Ofcourse,actsofkindnesscanalsofosterdiscomfort.Forexample,ifpeoplefeeltheyarenotworthyofkindnessorsuspectthatsomeulterior(別有用心的)motiveliesbehindit,thebenefitsofgratitudewillnotberealized.Likewise,receivingakindnesscangiverisetoasenseofindebtedness,leavingbeneficiariesfeelingthattheymustnowpaybackwhatevergoodtheyhavereceived.Gratitudecanflourishonlyifpeoplearesecureenoughinthemselvesandsufficientlytrustingtoallowittodoso.Anotherobstacletogratitudeisoftencalledasenseofentitlement.Insteadofexperiencingabenefaction(善行)asagoodturn,peoplesometimesregarditasamerepaymentofwhattheyareowed,forwhichnoonedeservesanymoralcredit.Thereareanumberofpracticalstepsanyonecantaketopromoteasenseofgratitude.Oneissimplyspendingtimeonaregularbasisthinkingaboutsomeonewhohasmadeadifference,orperhapswritingathank-younoteorexpressingsuchgratitudeinperson.Othersarefoundinancientreligiousdisciplines,suchasreflectingonbenefactionsreceivedfromanotherpersonoractuallyprayingforthehealthandhappinessofabenefactor.Inadditiontobenefactionsreceived,itisalsopossibletofocusonopportunitiestodogoodoneself,whetherthoseactedoninthepastorhopedforinthefuture.Somepeoplearemostgratefulnotforwhatothershavedoneforthembutforchancestheyenjoyedtohelpothers.Inregularlyreflectingonthethingsinhislifeheisgratefulfor,Defoe'sCrusoebelievesthathebecomesafarbetterpersonthanhewouldhavebeenhadheremainedinthesocietyfromwhichheoriginallysetoutonhisvoyage.Reflectingongenerosityandgratitude,thegreatbasketballcoachJohnWoodenonceofferedtwocounselstohisplayersandstudents.First,hesaid,"Itisimpossibletohaveaperfectdayunlessyouhavedonesomethingforsomeonewhowillneverbeabletorepayyou."Insayingthis,Woodensoughttopromotepurelygenerousacts,asopposedtothoseperformedwithanexpectationofreward.Second,hesaid,"Givethanksforyourblessingseveryday.”Somefaithtraditionsincorporatesuchpracticesintotherhythmofdailylife.Forexample,adherentsofsomereligionsofferprayersofthanksgivingeverymorningbeforerisingandeverynightbeforelyingdowntosleep.Othersofferthanksthroughouttheday,suchasbeforemeals.Otherlessfrequentspecialevents,suchasbirths,deathsandmarriages,mayalsobeheraldedbysuchprayers.WhenDefoedepictedRobinsonCrusoemakingthanksgivingadailypartofhisislandlife,hewasanticipatingfindingsinsocialscienceandmedicinethatwouldnotappearforhundredsofyears.Yethewasalsoreflectingthewisdomofreligiousandphilosophicaltraditionsthatextendbackthousandsofyears.Gratitudeisoneofthehealthiestandmostnourishingofallstatesofmind,andthosewhoadoptitasahabitareenrichingnotonlytheirownlivesbutalsothelivesofthosearoundthem.Itdoesusfarmoregoodtofocusonthingswecanbegratefulforthanwhatmakesussadandresentful.Thebeneficialimpactsofgratitudecanextendfromindividualstotheircommunityandtothewidersociety.Theparticipantsinarecentstudyrepeatedlyunderestimatedthepositiveeffectonthosewhoreceivedthank-younotes.Gooddeedscansometimesmakepeoplefeeluncomfortable.Peoplewhoregularlyexpressgratitudecanbenefitinmoralterms.Abasketballcoachadvocatedperforminggenerousactswithoutexpectinganythinginreturn.Moreandmoreevidenceshowsitmakesusmentallyandphysicallyhealthiertoroutinelycountourblessings.Ofallstatesofmind,feelinggratefulisconsideredoneofthemosthealthyandbeneficial.Theprinciplesunderlyingtheresearchintogratitudearenothingnewatall.Gratitudeislikelytoenhanceone'ssenseofbeingconnectedwithotherpeople.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Technologyisneveraneutraltoolforachievinghumanends.Technologicalinnovationsreshapepeopleastheyusetheseinnovationstocontroltheirenvironment.Artificialintelligence,forexample,isalteringhumanity.WhilethetermAIconjuresupanxietiesaboutkillerrobotsorcatastrophiclevelsofunemployment,thereareother,deeperimplications.AsAIincreasinglyshapesthehumanexperience,howdoesthischangewhatitmeanstobehuman?Centraltotheproblemisaperson'scapacitytomakechoices,particularlyjudgmentsthathavemoralimplications.Aristotlearguedthatthecapacityformakingpracticaljudgmentsdependsonregularlymakingthem—onhabitandpractice.Weseetheemergenceofmachinesassubstitutejudgesinavarietyofeverydaycontextsasapotentialthreattopeoplelearninghowtoeffectivelyexercisejudgmentthemselves.Intheworkplace,managersroutinelymakedecisionsaboutwhotohireorfireandwhichloantoapprove,tonameafew.Theseareareaswherealgorithmic(算法的)prescriptionisreplacinghumanjudgment,andsopeoplewhomighthavehadthechancetodeveloppracticaljudgmentintheseareasnolongerwill.Recommendationengines,whichareincreasinglyprevalentintermediariesinpeople'sconsumptionofculture,mayservetoconstrainchoiceandminimizeluck.Bypresentingconsumerswithalgorithmicallyselectedchoicesofwhattowatch,read,streamandvisitnext,companiesarereplacinghumantastewithmachinetaste.Inonesense,thisishelpful.Afterall,machinescansurveyawiderrangeofchoicesthananyindividualislikelytohavethetimeorenergytodoontheirown.Atthesametime,though,thisselectionisoptimizingforwhatpeoplearelikelytopreferbasedonwhatthey'vepreferredinthepast.Wethinkthereissomeriskthatpeople'soptionswillbeconstrainedbytheirpastinanewandunanticipatedway.Asmachinelearningalgorithmsimproveandastheytrainonmoreextensivedatasets,largerpartsofeverydaylifearelikelytobecomeutterlypredictable.Thepredictionsaregoingtogetbetterandbetter,andtheywillultimatelymakecommonexperiencesmoreefficientandpleasant.Algorithmscouldsoon-iftheydon'talready—haveabetterideaaboutwhichshowyou'dliketowatchnextandwhichjobcandidateyoushouldhirethanyoudo.Oneday,humansmayevenfindawayformachinestomakethesedecisionswithoutsomeofthebiasesthathumanstypicallydisplay.Buttotheextentthatunpredictabilityispartofhowpeopleunderstandthemselvesandpartofwhatpeoplelikeaboutthemselves,humanityisintheprocessoflosingsomethingsignificant.Astheybecomemoreandmorepredictable,thecreaturesinhabitingtheincreasinglyAI-mediatedworldwillbecomelessandlesslikeus.WhatdowelearnaboutthedeeperimplicationsofAI?Itiscausingcatastrophiclevelsofunemployment.Itisdoingphysicalharmtohumanoperators.Itisalteringmoraljudgments.Itisreshapinghumanity.Whatistheconsequenceofalgorithmicprescriptionreplacinghumanjudgment?Peoplelosethechancetocultivatetheabilitytomakepracticaljudgments.Peoplearepreventedfromparticipatinginmakingmajordecisionsintheworkplace.Managersnolongerhavethechancetodecidewhichloantoapprove.Managersdonotneedtotakethetroubletodeterminewhotohireorfire.Whatmayresultfromincreasingapplicationofrecommendationenginesinourconsumptionofculture?Consumerswillhavemuchlimitedchoice. C)Itwillbeeasiertodecideonwhattoenjoy.Consumerswillactuallyenjoybetterluck. D)Humanswilldeveloptastessimilartomachines'.Whatislikelytohappentolargerpartsofourdailylifeasmachinelearningalgorithmsimprove?Theywillturnouttobemorepleasant. C)Theycanbecompletelyanticipated.Theywillrepeatourpastexperience. D)Theymaybecomebetterandbetter.WhydoestheauthorsaythecreatureslivinginthemoreandmoreAl-mediatedworldwillbecomeincreasinglyunlikeus?Theywillhavelostthemostsignificanthumanelementofbeingintelligent.Theywillnolongerpossessthehumancharacteristicofbeingunpredictable.Theywillnotbeabletounderstandthemselvesaswecandotoday.Theywillbedeprivedofwhattheirpredecessorswereproudofaboutthemselves.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Phonics,whichinvolvessoundingoutwordssyllable（)bysyllable,isthebestwaytoteachchildrentoread.Butinmanyclassrooms,thiscanbeadirtyword.Somuchsothatsometeachershavehadtosneakphonicsteachingmaterialsintotheclassroom.MostAmericanchildrenaretaughttoreadinawaythatstudyafterstudyhasfoundtobewrong.Theconsequencesofthisarestriking.LessthanhalfofallAmericanadultswereproficientreadersin2017.Americanfourthgradersrank15thontheProgressinInternationalLiteracyStudy,aninternationalexam.Americaisstuckinadebateaboutteachingchildrentoreadthathasbeengoingonfordecades.Someadvocateteachingsymbol-soundrelationships(thesoundkcanbespelledasc,k,ck,orch),knownasphonics.Otherssupportanimmersiveapproach(usingpicturesofacattolearnthewordcat),knownas"wholelanguage".Mostteacherstoday,almostthreeoutoffouraccordingtoasurveybytheEdWeekResearchCentrein2019,useamixcalled"balancedliteracy".Thiscombinationofmethodsisineffective."Youcan'tsprinkleinalittlephonics,"saysTenetteSmith,executivedirectorofelementaryeducationandreadingatMississippi'seducationdepartment."Ithastobesystematicandexplicitlytaught."Mississippi,oftenbehindinsocialpolicy,hassetanexamplehere.Inastateoncenotoriousforitslowreadingscores,theMississippistatelegislaturepassednewliteracystandardsin2013.SincethenMississippihasseenremarkablegains.Itsfourthgradershavemovedfrom49th(outof50states)to29thontheNationalAssessmentofEducationalProgress,anationwideexam.In2019itwastheonlystatetoimproveitsscores.Forthefirsttimesincemeasurementbegan,Mississippi'spupilsarenowaveragereaders,aremarkableachiev