Results(醫(yī)學(xué)論文寫作及國(guó)際會(huì)議交流)課件

ResultsResults1Results

AdaptedfromCargill

(2017)Results AdaptedfromCargill2

Thequestion(s)/problem(s)posedin

Introduction

Theconsequent

dataInRelationtothe

Introduction Thequestion(s)/problem(s3

Thewayitwas

done

Theconsequent

dataIn

Relation

to

the

Materials

&

MethodsSection Thewayitwasdone Thecon4WhyistheResultssectionoftenreferredto

asthe“core”ofthe

paper?Isitpossibletore-statethespecificresearchproblemortheaimofthecurrentprojectintheResults

section?Isitpossibletocompareyourownresultswiththoseofother

researchers?Howdoyouknowwhichresultstodescribeindetail?Whynotdescribeallofthemin

detail?Canyoutalkaboutlimitationsoftheresearchinthe

Results?Questionsto

ponderWhyistheResultssectionoft5

Presentyourresultsinlogicalsequence,givingthemainandmostimportantfindings

first.ICMJE Presentyourresultsinlogi6

Donotrepeatallthedatainthetablesorfiguresinthe

textProvidedataonallprimaryandsecondaryoutcomesidentifiedintheMethods

SectionGivenumericresultsnotonlyasderivatives(e.g.percentage)butalsoastheabsolutenumbersfromwhichthederivativeswerecalculated,andspecifythestatisticalsignificanceattachedtothem,if

any.RestricttablesandfigurestothoseneededtoexplaintheargumentofthepaperUsegraphsasanalternativeto

tablesDonotduplicatedataingraphsand

tablesAvoidnontechnicalusesoftechnicaltermsinstatistics,suchas“random”or“significant”Separatereportingofdatabydemographicvariables,suchasageandsex,facilitatepoolingofdataforsubgroupsacrossstudiesandshouldbe

routineICMJEDonotrepeatallthedat7

Useanintroductorystatementtosummarizetheobservationsororientsthereadertothetextto

follow

Usesubheadingstoorientthe

readerMove

in

Writing

Results

SectionUseanintroductorystatemen8

Step1:A

metatextualexpressionreferringtolatertextoravisual

elementE.g.Meanbloodpressuresforthetwogroupsareshownin

fig.1.

Step2:Astatementofthe

resultsE.g.Thetreatmentgrouphadlowermeanarterialpressurethanthecontrol

group.

Step3:Asubstantiationor

reiterationoftheresultsE.g.At3months,MAP

inthetreatmentgroupwas10±3mmHglowerthaninthecontrolgroup(p<0.01).”Moves

in

Writing

Results

Section Step1:Ametatextualexpress9Resultsindifferenttypesof

researchClinical

trials:Characteristicsofrecruited

subjectsObservationsEstablishingassociationsbetween

outcomesBasicmedical

researchDescribingfromphenomenonto

mechanismResultsindifferenttypesof10Tablesaremostuseful

forRecordingdata(raworprocessed

data);Explainingcalculationsorshowingcomponentsofcalculated

data;Showingtheactualdatavaluesandtheirprecision;andallowingmultiplecomparisonsbetweenelementsinmany

directions.Figuresaremostuseful

forShowinganoveralltrendor

“picture”;Comprehensionofthestorythrough

“shape”ratherthantheactual

numbersAllowingsimplecomparisonsbetweenonlyafewelements.Figure,tableor

text?TablesaremostusefulforFigu11Thechoice

betweentable

aTABLEnd

figureFIGUREWorking

withNumberShapeConcentrating

onIndividual

dataOverall

patternAccurateorpreciseactualvaluesMore

importantLess

importantWorkingwithNumberShapeConcent12Figure,tableor

text?Figure,tableortext?13Figure,tableor

text?Figure,tableortext?14Howtodesigneffective

tables?

“HowdoIarrangethe

data?”Howtodesigneffectivetables15Attemptstodressupscientificdataareusuallydoomedto

failure.Whentouse

graphs?Eachgraphshouldbeassimpleas

possible.Howtoprepare

effectivefigures/graphs?Attemptstodressupscientifi16Explainwhatthedatabeingpresented

areHighlightkeypointsofthepartoftheresultsstorybeingpresentedinthe

table/figureThismakesreviewers’job

easierImprovesreadabilityofarticlesforall

readersCheckexamplesfrompaperssimilartoyoursinyourtargetjournalforideasabouthowtowritetitlesand

legendsTabletitlesandfigure

legendsExplainwhatthedatabeingpr17Atitlethatsummarizeswhatthefigureis

aboutDetailsofresultsormodelsshowninthe

figureAdditionalexplanationofthecomponentsofthefigure,methodsused,oressentialdetails

ofthefigure’scontributiontotheresults

storyDescriptionoftheunitsorstatisticalnotionincludedExplanationofanyothersymbolsornotationusedFigure

legendsAtitlethatsummarizeswhatt18AlltablesandfiguresshouldbepresentedsequentiallyandreferredtointhatorderinthetextThefirsttableyourefertointhetextwillbelabelledasTable

1Alltablesandfiguresmustbereferredto(mentioned,discussed)inthe

textReferencetotablesandfiguresinthe

textAlltablesandfiguresshould19Examinedata

display

Examinetheselectedpaperforthetypesofdataandhowtheyare

displayed.Istheoverallpictureortrendobviousinthewaythedataare

presented?Whatcomparisonsbetweenelementsinterestyou,anddoesthepresentationtypeandstylemakethesecomparisons

easy?Arethenecessarydetailsofdatasetspresentedtoallowyoutomakecalculationsfromthe