人教版選擇性必修四Unit1ScienceFiction知識(shí)清單（原卷版）

(2019)人教版選擇性必修四Unit1ScienceFiction知識(shí)清單Unit1ScienceFictionUnit1重要詞形變化1．a(chǎn)ppointmentn．預(yù)約;約會(huì);委任→appointvt.任命;委派;指定;約定2．guiltyadj.內(nèi)疚的;有罪的;有過(guò)失的→guiltn．內(nèi)疚3．declarevt.表明;宣稱;公布→declarationn．宣稱;聲明4．calculatevt.計(jì)算;核算;預(yù)測(cè)→calculatorn．計(jì)算器→calculationn．計(jì)算5．divisionn．分開;分隔;差異;除(法)→dividevt.分開;分散;分配;分享6．urgen．強(qiáng)烈的欲望;沖動(dòng)vt.催促;力勸;大力推薦→urgentadj.緊急的;急迫的7．explodevi.&vt.爆炸;爆破→explosionn．爆炸;(感情)爆發(fā);激增8．mudn．泥;泥漿→muddyadj.泥濘的重點(diǎn)詞匯1．ridiculousadj.愚蠢的;荒謬的;荒唐的2．a(chǎn)bsurdadj.荒謬的;荒唐的3．whereasconj.然而;但是;盡管4．presumevt.&vi.假定;假設(shè)5．a(chǎn)lienn．外星人(生物);外國(guó)人adj.陌生;外星的;外國(guó)的6．blurredadj.模糊不清的;難以區(qū)分的7．inactionn．無(wú)行動(dòng);不采取措施8．bonusn．意外收獲;獎(jiǎng)金;紅利9．nailn．指甲;趾甲;釘子vt.(用釘子)釘牢;固定10．suspendvt.懸;掛;暫停;暫緩11．gripvt.&vi.緊握;抓緊12．hazyadj.模糊的;朦朧的;困惑的13．joltn．震動(dòng);搖晃;顛簸vt.&vi.(使)震動(dòng);搖晃14．flipvt.&vi.(使)快速翻轉(zhuǎn);(用手指)輕拋15．stunvt.使震驚，使昏迷16．overstatementn．夸大;夸張17．fictionn．小說(shuō);虛構(gòu)的事18．integrityn．誠(chéng)實(shí)正直;完整;完好19．dignityn．莊重;莊嚴(yán);尊嚴(yán)20．salaryn．薪水;薪金21．saleswomann．女售貨員;女推銷員22．dismissvt.讓(某人)離開;解散;解雇;消除23．weeklyadj.每周n.周刊24．chairwomann．女主席;女董事長(zhǎng);女委員長(zhǎng)25．superioradj.更好的;占優(yōu)勢(shì)的;(在級(jí)別或重要性上)更高的26．labourn．勞動(dòng)(者);體力勞動(dòng)vi.奮斗;努力工作27．leathern．皮革;[pl.]皮衣;皮外套28．backwardsadv.向后;倒著;往回29．fetchvt.(去)拿來(lái);(去)請(qǐng)來(lái)30．pacen．速度;步伐;節(jié)奏vt.&vi.確定速度;調(diào)整節(jié)奏31．randomadj.隨機(jī)的;不可思議的32．maximumadj.最大極限的n.最大量;最大限度重點(diǎn)詞組1．testout檢驗(yàn);測(cè)試2．morelike更像是;更接近3．ona...basis根據(jù);以……的方式(基準(zhǔn))4．prosandcons事物的利與弊;支持與反對(duì)5．superiorto比……更好;更勝一籌6．takeover占上風(fēng);取而代之;接管;接手7．conflictwith與……沖突或抵觸8．turnout關(guān)掉;熄滅;在場(chǎng);使朝外;結(jié)果是9．fallaway(逐漸)減少;消失10．haveanurgeto有強(qiáng)烈的欲望做某事重點(diǎn)句型1．Assheturnedaround，therestoodGladysClaffern.她一轉(zhuǎn)身，就看到格拉迪絲·克拉芬站在那兒。2．Sheheardhimdeclarethathedidnotwanttoleaveherthenextday，andthathefeltmorethanjustthedesiretopleaseher.她聽(tīng)到他說(shuō)第二天不想離開她，他感覺(jué)他不僅僅只是想取悅她。3．Itwasatteno’clocktodaythatthefirstofallTimeMachinesbeganitscareer.今天十點(diǎn)鐘，第一臺(tái)時(shí)間機(jī)器開始投入使用。4．Lookingaround，Isawmylaboratoryexactlyasbefore.環(huán)顧四周，我看到我的實(shí)驗(yàn)室和從前一模一樣。5．ItfeltlikeIwasbeingdrivenfastonawindingroad.這感覺(jué)就像我在一條蜿蜒的路上疾馳。重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法Grammar被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)寫作指導(dǎo)寫一篇故事一、單詞拓展詞性轉(zhuǎn)換1.appointvt.任命；委任→________n.約會(huì)；預(yù)約；委派→________adj.約定的；指定的2.guiltn.內(nèi)疚；悔恨；有罪→________adj.內(nèi)疚的；有罪的；有過(guò)失的3.weekn.星期→________adj.每周的n.周刊4.declarevt.表明；宣稱；公布→________n.公告；宣言5.dividevt.分割；分配；除以→________n.分開；分隔；差異；除（法）；部門，處6.explodevi.&vt.爆炸；爆破→________n.爆炸；爆破（聲）→________adj.易爆炸的；猛增的7.mudn.泥；泥漿→________adj.泥濘的二、重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)詞匯1appointmentn．預(yù)約;約會(huì);委任(1)makeanappointmentwithsb.與某人預(yù)約keep/breakanappointment守/違(爽)約(2)appointvt.任命;委派;約定;指定(時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)等)appointsb.as/tobe...任命某人為……appointsb.todosth.委派某人做某事(3)appointedadj.約定的[佳句]IamsorrythatIcan’tgotothebookstorewithyoubecauseIhaveanappointmentwithmydentistthisSaturdayafternoon.我很抱歉不能和你一起去書店了，因?yàn)槲以谶@周六下午和牙醫(yī)有約。[練透]—單句語(yǔ)法填空8.Onceyouhavemadean________(appoint),youshouldkeepitratherthanbreakit.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)9.Iwasappointed________(take)chargeofarrangingalltheactivitiesonthatday.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)10.WordcamethatthecommitteeappointedMrs.Brown________chairwomanoftheorganization.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)[寫美]—應(yīng)用文之道歉信11.很遺憾我不得不取消和你在星期天書店的約會(huì)。It’sagreatpitythatIhavetocanceltheSundaybookstore________．重點(diǎn)詞匯2declarevt.表明;宣稱;公布declaresb./sth.tobe宣布某人/某事……declarefor/against表示贊成/反對(duì)……declarewar(on/against)(向……)宣戰(zhàn)declaresth.open/closed宣布……開始/結(jié)束[佳句]Whentheteacherdeclaredmetobethewinnerofthesingingcompetition,Iwassurprisedandpleased.當(dāng)老師宣布我是這次歌詠比賽的獲勝者時(shí)，我又驚又喜。[近義]announce,state[練透]—單句語(yǔ)法填空12.Wedeclare________garbage-sortinginneweffortstobetterprotecttheenvironment.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)13.RichardNixondeclaredthethirdSundayofJune________Father’sDayinAmerica.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)[寫美]—應(yīng)用文佳句14.聽(tīng)到戲劇節(jié)宣布開幕，所有的學(xué)生都?xì)g呼起來(lái)。________,allthestudentsburstintocheers.重點(diǎn)詞匯3guiltyadj.內(nèi)的;有罪的;有過(guò)失的先練基礎(chǔ)—單句語(yǔ)法填空15.Whatgreatlystunnedmewasthathewasguilty________acrimeandwasputinprison.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)16.Ifeltguilty________myconflictwithmydearfriendandImustapologizetohim.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)?beguiltyof犯有……罪be/feelguiltyfor/at/about...對(duì)/為……感到內(nèi)疚/有愧?guiltn．內(nèi)疚;悔恨;犯罪;罪行再提能力—完美寫作·一句多譯·背誦(3)她說(shuō)：“可是我已經(jīng)欺騙了我奶奶”，臉頰上流下了內(nèi)疚的淚水。①“ButIhavecheatedmygrandmother，”saidshe，andtearsofguiltfloweddownhercheeks.(并列句)②“ButIhavecheatedmygrandmother，”saidshe，tearsofguiltflowingdownhercheeks.(獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu))重點(diǎn)詞匯4urgen．強(qiáng)烈的欲望;沖動(dòng)vt.催促;力勸;大力推薦先練基礎(chǔ)—單句語(yǔ)法填空17.Itisstronglyurgedthatallthelamps________(turn)outduringthenight.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)18.AfterIhavereceivedmybonus,Ihaveastrongurge________(buy)manysciencefictions.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)19.Mybossurgedme________(calculate)thesalariesofallthesalesmenandsaleswomen.＝MybossurgedthatI________(calculate)thesalariesofallthesalesmenandsaleswomen.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)?have/feelanurgetodosth.有強(qiáng)烈的欲望做某事?urgesb.todosth.催促某人做某事urgethat...(should)dosth.極力主張/強(qiáng)調(diào)……做某事Itisurgedthat...(should)dosth.極力主張/強(qiáng)調(diào)……做某事?urgentadj.緊急的;迫切的再提能力—完美寫作·一句多譯·背誦(4)家長(zhǎng)應(yīng)該積極督促孩子利用這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)參加戶外活動(dòng)。①Parentsshouldactivelyurgetheirchildrentotakeadvantageoftheopportunitytoparticipateinoutdooractivities.(urgesb.todo)②Parentsshouldactivelyurgethattheirchildren(should)takeadvantageoftheopportunitytoparticipateinoutdooractivities.(urgethat...)三．重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)1ona...basis根據(jù);以……的方式基準(zhǔn)先練基礎(chǔ)—單句語(yǔ)法填空20.Theytestoutthemachine________aregularbasisincasetheremaybesomethingwrongwithit.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)21.Onthebasis________thesefacts,wecanconcludethattheridiculousrumorwasspreadbymyniece.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)onaregularbasis例行地;有規(guī)律地;定期地onadaily/weeklybasis每天/每周onthebasisof/that...以……為基礎(chǔ)再提能力—完美寫作·詞匯升級(jí)·背誦(3)(簡(jiǎn)單表達(dá))Hehasformedthehabitofgettingupearlyandexercisingeveryday，whichenableshimtokeepphysicallyhealthy.(高級(jí)表達(dá))Hehasformedthehabitofgettingupearlyandexercisingonadailybasis，whichenableshimtokeepphysicallyhealthy.短語(yǔ)2morethan多于，超過(guò);不僅僅;非常先練基礎(chǔ)—一詞多義寫出下列句子中morethan的漢語(yǔ)意思22.Sheboughtmorethantenhandkerchiefsandtwopairsofleathershoesatatime，whichmadehermotherexplodewithanger.23.Iammorethangladtohelpyouanalyzetheprosandconsofthechoiceyouhavemade.24.Heismorethanmyteacher;heisalsomyfriend.?morethan＋數(shù)詞，表示“超過(guò);不止”，相當(dāng)于overmorethan＋名詞，意為“不只是;不僅僅……”，相當(dāng)于notonlymorethan＋形容詞/副詞，意為“非常，很”，相當(dāng)于very?moreAthanB與其說(shuō)B不如說(shuō)A再提能力—完美寫作·語(yǔ)段填空·背誦(4)Iwouldbemorethandelighted(我會(huì)非常高興)ifyoucouldcomeandjoininmybirthdaypartyat7p．m.nextFridayatmyhome.Therewillbemorethantenfriends(將會(huì)有十幾個(gè)朋友)．Thepartyismorethanforfun(派對(duì)不僅僅是為了玩);itisalsoformutualcommunication.Sopleaseacceptmysincereinvitation.短語(yǔ)3takeover占上風(fēng);取而代之;接管;接手takeoff起飛;匆匆離去;脫下;大獲成功takeon呈現(xiàn);雇用;承擔(dān)takein包括;吸收;理解;欺騙;收留takeup占去;占據(jù);開始從事根據(jù)句意用take短語(yǔ)的正確形式完成下面語(yǔ)段After____25____thefirmfromhisfather,Tom____26____somescientificideasand____27____someexperiencedandhard-workingworkers,whichsuggestedthathisfirmwould____28____soon.Tomheldthestrongbeliefthathisfirmwould____29____anewlookinthenearfuture.短語(yǔ)4turnout關(guān)掉;熄滅;在場(chǎng);使朝外;結(jié)果是先練基礎(chǔ)—一詞多義寫出下列句子中turnout的漢語(yǔ)意思30.Heturnedouttobeguiltyofhismeanwordsandtearsofregretblurredhiseyes.31.Keepinmindthatyoumustturnoutthelampinyourroomwhenyouleave.32.Thebossdeclaredthatallthestaffmustturnoutforthemeeting.33.ThefactoryturnedouttwiceasmanyTVsetsthisyearaslastyear.turndown拒絕;關(guān)小;調(diào)低turnin上交turnover翻身;移交;轉(zhuǎn)變turnto求助于;轉(zhuǎn)向turnup出現(xiàn);調(diào)高再提能力—完美寫作·完成句子/單句寫作·背誦(5)所有的候選人必須在截止日期前交上申請(qǐng)表和相關(guān)材料。Allthecandidatesmustturnintheapplicationformsandrelevantmaterialsbeforethedeadline.(6)有如此多的數(shù)學(xué)難題要解決，我必須向我的老師求助。Withsomanydifficultmathproblemstohandle，Imustturntomyteacherforhelp.(7)你最好按時(shí)出現(xiàn)，或者比約定的時(shí)間早幾分鐘。Youhadbetterturnuppunctuallyorafewminutesearlierthantheappointedtime.句型1more...than...與其說(shuō)……倒不如說(shuō)……Heseemedmorelikeahumanthanamachine.他看著不太像機(jī)器，而更像一個(gè)真人。(1)more...than...與其說(shuō)……倒不如說(shuō)……(2)morethan＋數(shù)詞或從句超過(guò)……morethan＋形容詞非常……morethan＋名詞不只是;不僅是(3)nomorethan只不過(guò);僅僅notmorethan不超過(guò);至多[佳句]Theexperiencewasmoreexcitingthanfrightening,duringwhichmyheartbeatviolentlythewholetime.這段經(jīng)歷與其說(shuō)是恐懼，不如說(shuō)是激動(dòng)，我的心一直在劇烈地跳動(dòng)。[練透]寫出下列句子中morethan的漢語(yǔ)意思34.Paper-cuttingisatraditionalartforminChinawithahistoryofmorethan1,500years.____________35.Iammorethangladtohelpyouanalyzetheprosandconsofthechoiceyouhavemade.____________36.Thepartyismorethanforfun;itisalsoformutualcommunication.Sopleaseacceptmysincereinvitation.____________[寫美]—應(yīng)用文佳句37.我的英語(yǔ)取得如此大的進(jìn)步以至于老師表?yè)P(yáng)了我，與其說(shuō)我聰明倒不如說(shuō)我勤奮。ImadesuchgreatprogressinEnglishthatmyteacherpraisedme,sayingthatI____________．句型2完全倒裝句Assheturnedaround,therestoodGladysClaffern.她轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身來(lái)，格拉迪斯·克拉芬站在那里。(1)表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和動(dòng)作轉(zhuǎn)移的副詞，如here，there，now，then，up，down，in，away，out等置于句首，且主語(yǔ)是名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，句子需用完全倒裝。(2)此時(shí)，句子多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)。[佳句]Inthecenterofourschoolliesourlibrary,whichisbetweenthegardenandtheteachingbuilding.我們學(xué)校的中心是圖書館，它在花園和教學(xué)樓之間。[練透]—單句語(yǔ)法填空38.Assoonasthebellrang,out________(rush)thechildren.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)39.ThePublicSquareisaneye-catchingsightofthecity.There________(stand)astonesculptureofafamoushistoricalfigure.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)[寫美]—微寫作40.那里矗立著一座古塔，我的家鄉(xiāng)因此而聞名全國(guó)。____________,forwhichmyhometownisfamousthroughoutthecountry.句型3修辭之明喻在讀后續(xù)寫中的運(yùn)用ItfeltlikeIwasbeingdrivenfastonawindingroad.這感覺(jué)就像我在一條蜿蜒的路上疾馳。在讀后續(xù)寫中可以適當(dāng)采用明喻這一修辭方法，增加故事情節(jié)的生動(dòng)性。明喻主要采用like，as。[佳句]Whenheheardustalkingaboutthecolorfullife,thesmileonhisfaceshonelikeadiamond.當(dāng)他聽(tīng)我們談?wù)撠S富多彩的生活時(shí)，他的笑容燦爛得如寶石一樣閃閃發(fā)光。[練透]—補(bǔ)全句子41.它在溫柔低語(yǔ)，就像一個(gè)小女孩對(duì)她的母親私語(yǔ)一樣。Itmurmuredinasoftvoice____________.42.湯姆病得很厲害，不能去聚會(huì)。Tom____________andcouldn’tgototheparty.重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)英語(yǔ)中有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)，一種是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，一種是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如果主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，或者動(dòng)作是由主語(yǔ)完成的，要用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);如果主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，則用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。[觀察例句]1．ItwasgoingtobetestedoutbyLarry’swife，Claire.2．Alltheworkhasbeenfinishedbynow.3．Nowshewasbeinglookedafterbyarobotthatlookedsohuman，anditwasdisturbing.4．Youareinvitedtomakeaspeechinourschool.5．Larrypersuadedherthattherobotwouldn’tharmherorallowhertobeharmed.[歸納用法]1．例句1中的黑體詞部分為過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)形式，其構(gòu)成是was/weregoingto＋be＋done。2．例句2中的黑體詞部分為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)形式，其構(gòu)成是has/have＋been＋done。3．例句3中的黑體詞部分為過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)形式，其構(gòu)成是was/were＋being＋done。4．例句4中的黑體詞部分為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)形式，其構(gòu)成是is/are＋done。5．例句5中的黑體詞部分為動(dòng)詞不定式一般式的被動(dòng)形式，其構(gòu)成是to＋be＋done。一、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本構(gòu)成和用法被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“be＋過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化主要體現(xiàn)在be的變化上，其變化形式與系動(dòng)詞be的完全一樣。下面以do為例列舉各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的形式。時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/are＋done一般過(guò)去時(shí)was/were＋done一般將來(lái)時(shí)shall/will/am/is/aregoingto＋be＋done過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)should/would/was/weregoingto＋be＋done現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are＋being＋done過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were＋being＋done現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has＋been＋done過(guò)去完成時(shí)had＋been＋done將來(lái)完成時(shí)shall/will＋have＋been＋done過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)should/would＋have＋been＋doneEveryoneisexpectedtoobeythefollowingrules.希望大家遵守以下規(guī)定。Somevolunteerswillbesenttotheremotevillagetohelpimprovetheeducationthere.一些志愿者將被派往那個(gè)偏遠(yuǎn)的村莊來(lái)幫助提高那里的教育水平。Englishlessonsarebeingbroadcastontheradio.收音機(jī)上正在播英語(yǔ)課程。Theworkwillhavebeenfinishedbytheendofnextmonth.到下個(gè)月底這項(xiàng)工作將會(huì)已經(jīng)完成。[即學(xué)即練1]用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空43.Thetourists____________(accompany)byaguidewhentheytravelledinBeijing.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)44.He____________(envy)bymanymen,becausehehasabighouse,acarandagoodfamily.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)45.Thestudentshavebeenworkinghardontheirlessonsandtheirefforts__________(reward)withsuccessintheend.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)二、使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題1．否定詞not的位置在第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后。Hewasextremelydisappointedtohearthathewouldnotbegivenadoctor’sdegree.聽(tīng)到不會(huì)獲得博士學(xué)位，他沮喪到了極點(diǎn)。2．“get＋過(guò)去分詞”也表被動(dòng)Wegotseparatedwhenweenteredthebighall.我們進(jìn)入大廳時(shí)被擠散了。3．“be＋過(guò)去分詞”并非都是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)系動(dòng)詞be，feel，seem，look等詞后面的過(guò)去分詞已轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞，作表語(yǔ)用，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，表示某種狀態(tài)。I’minterestedinmathematics.我對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)感興趣。Heseemsunsatisfiedwithhiswork.他似乎對(duì)自己的工作不滿意。4．某些情況用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)來(lái)表示被動(dòng)含義有些動(dòng)詞如read，write，clean，wash，iron，burn，draw，cook，keep，cut，open，blow，peel，sell，act等用作不及物動(dòng)詞且表示主語(yǔ)的某種屬性時(shí)，常和副詞well，easily，smoothly等連用，且通常用主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表示被動(dòng)含義。這些動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)一般是表物的詞，且這些物往往具有某種內(nèi)在的特點(diǎn)，這些句子的時(shí)態(tài)多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來(lái)時(shí)。Thedoordoesn’topeneasily.門不容易打開。Bikesofthatkindsellwell.那種自行車好賣。5．動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中是不可分割的，在被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中也是如此，不可去掉后面的介詞或副詞。Theoldmanwasoftenlaughedat.那位老人經(jīng)常受人嘲笑。(不可省掉介詞at)[即學(xué)即練2]用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空46.Asweallknow，thispen____________(write)smoothly.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)47.I____________(take)goodcareofbymyunclewhenIwasyoung.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)三、動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式動(dòng)詞不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞與其是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不定式一般使用被動(dòng)形式。不定式的被動(dòng)式可分為一般式和完成式。構(gòu)成意義一般式tobedone表示發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后或同時(shí)發(fā)生的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作完成式tohavebeendone表示發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作1.動(dòng)詞不定式被動(dòng)式的句法功能(1)作主語(yǔ)Sometimestobeunderstoodisnotaneasyjob.有時(shí)被人理解并不是一件容易的事。[名師點(diǎn)津]①動(dòng)詞不定式(短語(yǔ))作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而把真正的主語(yǔ)放在后面。Itisanhonourtobeinvitedtospeakhere.能被邀請(qǐng)?jiān)谶@兒講話，真是一件榮幸的事。②單個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式(短語(yǔ))作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Tobeadoptedbyakeyuniversityisdifficultforhim.對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)，被一所重點(diǎn)大學(xué)錄取是困難的。(2)作表語(yǔ)Thetaskistobefinishedbynextmonth.這項(xiàng)工作要到下個(gè)月才能完成。(3)作賓語(yǔ)Theboyaskedtobegivenanopportunitytotryagain.那男孩要求給他再試一次的機(jī)會(huì)。(4)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Hewantedtheboytobepunishedfortellinglies.他想讓那個(gè)男孩因說(shuō)謊而受到懲罰。(5)作定語(yǔ)Heisnotamantobedefeatedeasily.他不是一個(gè)容易被打敗的人。(6)作狀語(yǔ)Sheissentabroadtobetrained.她被送到國(guó)外培訓(xùn)[即學(xué)即練3]用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空48.It’simportantforthefigures________(update)regularly.（所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）49.We’vehadagoodstart,butnext,moreworkneeds________(do)toachievethefinalsuccess.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)50.Therearestillmanyproblems_________________(solve)beforewearereadyforalongstayontheMoon.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)2．不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義(1)動(dòng)詞不定式在名詞后面作定語(yǔ)，不定式和名詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，又和句中另一名詞或代詞構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。Ihavealotofthingstodothisafternoon.今天下午我有許多事要做。(todo與things是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，與I是主謂關(guān)系)對(duì)比：I’llgotothepostoffice.Doyouhavealettertobeposted?我要去郵局。你有信要寄嗎?(post與主語(yǔ)you之間不存在主謂關(guān)系，只和前面的letter構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系)(2)在某些“形容詞＋不定式”作表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)中，句子的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義。這些形容詞有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。Thisproblemisdifficulttoworkout.這個(gè)問(wèn)題很難計(jì)算出來(lái)。(3)在too...to...結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式前面可加邏輯主語(yǔ)，所以應(yīng)用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Thisbookistooexpensive(forme)tobuy.這本書太貴，我買不起。(4)betoblame常用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)。Whoistoblameforstartingthefire?誰(shuí)應(yīng)為放火受責(zé)備?[即學(xué)即練4]用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空51.Thechairiscomfortable____________(sit)on.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)52.Thedriveris____________(blame)fortheaccidenthappeningjustnow.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)53.Theoldmanfoundthecomputerwashard____________(operate).(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)54.Wehavefourreadingpassages____________(complete)inthecomingholiday.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)四、動(dòng)詞-ing的被動(dòng)形式動(dòng)詞-ing形式所表示的動(dòng)作是一個(gè)被動(dòng)動(dòng)作時(shí)，要用動(dòng)詞-ing的被動(dòng)形式。包括其一般形式和完成形式。(一)動(dòng)詞-ing被動(dòng)形式的構(gòu)成形式用法一般式beingdone被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行或與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生完成式havingbeendone被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前Thebuildingbeingbuiltwillbeourschoollibrary.正在建造的那座大樓將是我們學(xué)校的圖書館。Havingbeeninvited，Mr.Liwenttheretogiveaspeechthoughhewasbusy.李先生受邀去那兒做演講，盡管很忙，但他還是去了。[即學(xué)即練5]用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空55.____________(warn)abouttyphoon,thefishermensailedforthenearestharbor.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)56.Thequestion____________(discuss)nowhassomethingtodowithnature.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)(二)動(dòng)詞-ing被動(dòng)形式的用法動(dòng)詞-ing的被動(dòng)式在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)。Shedoesn’trememberhavingeverbeengivenachancetogoabroad.(作賓語(yǔ))她不記得曾被給過(guò)出國(guó)的機(jī)會(huì)。You’llfindthetopicbeingdiscussedeverywhere(作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)到處都在討論這個(gè)話題。BeingselectedChairmanofthestudents’unionmadehimfeelproud.(作主語(yǔ))被選為學(xué)生會(huì)主席，他很自豪。Havingbeentoldmanytimes，hestillrepeatedthesamemistakes.(作狀語(yǔ))被告知多次了，他仍然犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤。Whatmadehisparentshappywashisbeingadmittedtoafamousuniversity.(作表語(yǔ))讓他父母高興的是他被一所名牌大學(xué)錄取了。Themuseumbeingrepairedwillbereopenedtovisitorsnextyear.(作定語(yǔ))正在維修的博物館明年將開始接待訪客。[名師點(diǎn)津]在動(dòng)詞-ing被動(dòng)式前加否定副詞not便可構(gòu)成其否定形式。Tonywasvenyunhappyfornothavingbeeninvitedtotheparty.(作賓語(yǔ))托尼因未受邀請(qǐng)參加晚會(huì)甚為不滿。Notbeingallowedtogooutmakeshimveryangry.(作主語(yǔ))不被允許出去，他非常生氣。[名師點(diǎn)津]beingdone，tobedone與done作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別tobedone作定語(yǔ)一般表示未來(lái)的動(dòng)作;done表示被動(dòng)完成的動(dòng)作;beingdone表示被動(dòng)的、正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Theproblemtobediscussed(＝whichwillbediscussed)atthemeetingisveryimportant.會(huì)上將要討論的問(wèn)題非常重要。Theproblemdiscussed(＝whichwasdiscussed)atthemeetingisveryimportant.會(huì)上討論過(guò)的問(wèn)題非常重要。Theproblembeingdiscussed(＝whichisbeingdiscussed)atthemeetingisveryimportant.會(huì)上正在討論的問(wèn)題非常重要。[即學(xué)即練6]用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空57.Istillremember____________(take)totheGreatWallandwhatIsawthere.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)58.____________(hit)bythebigboyonthenose,thelittleboybegantocry.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)59.Iheardthissong____________(sing)inEnglishthen.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)五、幾種特殊用法1．在deserve，need，require，want等詞之后，總是用動(dòng)詞-ing的主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義，相當(dāng)于“tobe＋過(guò)去分詞”。Theblackboardneedscleaning.＝Theblackboardneedstobecleaned.黑板需要擦干凈。Thebrokenwindowwantsrepairing.＝Thebrokenwindowwantstoberepaired.那個(gè)破窗戶需要修理。2．beworth后也常跟動(dòng)詞-ing的主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義。Thebookisworthreadingagain.＝Thebookisworthyofbeingreadagain.＝Thebookisworthytobereadagain.這本書值得再讀一遍。3．動(dòng)詞-ing被動(dòng)式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)當(dāng)動(dòng)詞-ing被動(dòng)式的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)不一致時(shí)，要在動(dòng)詞-ing形式之前加上物主代詞或名詞所有格(整個(gè)復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，可用人稱代詞賓格代替物主代詞，名詞普通格代替名詞所有格)Iamverypleasedatyou/yourhavingbeenhonoredwithamedal.我很高興你獲得了一枚獎(jiǎng)牌。Thedecisionhavingbeenmade，thenextproblemwashowtomakeagoodplan.決定已經(jīng)做出，下一個(gè)問(wèn)題就是如何制訂一個(gè)好的計(jì)劃了。[即學(xué)即練7]用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空60.Theroadiscoveredwithsomefallentreesandtheyrequire____________(remove)immediately.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)61.Thecountryhasalreadysentupthreeunmannedspacecraft,themostrecentone____________(launch)attheendoflastyear.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)62.Ifathingisworthyof____________(do),itisworth____________(do)well.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空63.Trulyelegantchopsticksmight________(make)ofgoldandsilverwithChinesecharacters.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)64.Thebillionaireisreportedinthelocalnewspaper____________(rob)lastweek.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)65.Thegiantpanda________(love)bypeoplethroughouttheworld.66.Wewon’tstarttheworkuntilallthepreparations_____(make).67.Thesesmalltreesrequire____________(take)goodcareof.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)68.Despitethepreviousroundsoftalks,noagreement_________(reach)sofarbythetwosides.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)69.Theairport________________________(complete)nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.(用動(dòng)詞不定式形式)（所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）70.Asweapproachedthevillage,wesawnewhouses______(build).(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)71.Iappreciated________(give)thechancetostudyabroadtwoyearsago.72.Henarrowlyescaped____________(run)over.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)Ⅱ.完成句子73.I’mpleased____________．給我這次機(jī)會(huì)我很高興。74.Theyarelivingwiththeirparentsforthemomentbecause____________．他們現(xiàn)在和父母住在一起，因?yàn)樗麄冏约旱姆孔诱诒恢亟ā?5.Hewasthelastone____________atthemeeting.他是最后一個(gè)在會(huì)上被邀請(qǐng)發(fā)言的人。76.Imagine____________onanislandalone.(leave)想象一下你弟弟被獨(dú)自留在一個(gè)島上。77.____________，the