高中英語閱讀技巧經(jīng)典課件

高中英語閱讀技巧經(jīng)典課件第一頁，共29頁。考綱要求：閱讀理解是英語能力培養(yǎng)的重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目，是考試的一個(gè)重要題型，分值高、題量大。閱讀理解考查的根本是檢驗(yàn)學(xué)生對(duì)有關(guān)信息的加工能力。

閱讀理解能力的重要標(biāo)志是閱讀速度和理解力的正確率。因此，閱讀理解的功夫應(yīng)下在平時(shí)。多分析題型，多了解考點(diǎn)，真正做到有的放矢，提高命中率。第一頁第二頁，共29頁。主旨大意型事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型

詞義猜測型命題類閱讀理解命題特點(diǎn)：推理判斷型觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度型第二頁第三頁，共29頁。一:主旨大意題第三頁第四頁，共29頁。1)Whatdoesthewritermainlytellus?2)Whichofthefollowingcansummarizethemainideaofthistext?3)Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainidea?4)Whichisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?6)What’sthebesttitleforthispassage?主旨大意題的常見的提問形式:MainIdea/BestTitle第四頁第五頁，共29頁。HowtofindthemainideaofapassageSometimesthefirstsentence

ofapassageisthetopicsentenceSometimesthelastsentence

isthetopicsentenceSometimesthetopicsentenceisinthemiddleofapassageSometimesyouhavetoputseveralkeysentencestogethertogetthemainideaSometimesyoucan’tfindthetopicsentenceinthepassage.Youhavetosumitupyourself.第五頁第六頁，共29頁。練中學(xué)Sample1Somestudentspreferastrictteacherwhotellsthemexactlywhattodo.Othersprefertobelefttoworkontheirown.Stillotherslikeademocraticdiscussiontypeofclass.Noteachingmethodcanbedevisedtosatisfyallstudentsatthesametime.（2）主題句出現(xiàn)在段尾。作者先擺出事實(shí)依據(jù),層層推理論證,最后自然得出結(jié)論,即段落的主題。本段的中心思想在結(jié)尾句得到體現(xiàn),它是此段內(nèi)容的結(jié)論。

第六頁第七頁，共29頁。應(yīng)試技巧如何尋找主題句Sample2Peoplehavedifferenttastesinfood.Somefeelthattheyhaven‘teatenamealunlesstheyhavehadsteakorotherredmeat.Somepreferchickenorfishandeatoneortheotherateverymeal.Othersprefervegetablesandfruitsorgrainsandwouldenjoyamealofspaghetti意大利式面條,eggplant,andfreshfruit.Otherscouldliveonwhatwerecalledfast--foods:ahamburgerorhotdog,Frenchfriesandasoftdrink.（2）主題句在段首

一個(gè)主題句常常是一個(gè)段落的開頭，其后的句子則是論證性細(xì)節(jié)。在論說文，科技文獻(xiàn)和新聞報(bào)道中多采用這種格式。

第七頁第八頁，共29頁。Sample3

TigersarefoundinmanyAsiancountries．Intheforestandgrasslands，atigerishardtosee．Atiger'sgoldencolouredcoatwithitsdarkstripesisnoteasilyseenforitshairisthesamecolourasthebladesofyellowishgrassandpatchesofdeepshadow．

Thiscamouflage（偽裝）isveryimportant

becausetigersarehunters．Ifotheranimalscouldseeatigercoming，theywouldquicklyrunaway．

Thetigerhasverystrong，sharpteethwhichareusedforseizingandeatingtheanimalsitcatches．

Thebesttitleforthispassageis______．

A．TigersandOtherSmallAnimalsB.SomethingaboutTigersC．Tigers'CamouflageD．HowTigersLive

第八頁第九頁，共29頁。sample4

TomstudiedfouryearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavebeforehisgraduation.HetransferredtotheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors.HarvardLawSchooland,later,BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground.HeispresentlyacorporationlawyerinMiami,Florida.（2Min）

Themainideaofthisparagraphisthat______.

A.Tom,whohadstudiedatParisUniversitiesforfour

years,movedtoanotheruniversity.

B.Tombecamealawyersincehisgraduationfrom

HarvardLawSchoolandlaterfromBostonCollege.

C.Tomwasanexcellentstudentwhenhestudiedat

Berlinuniversity.

D.Tomreceivedanexcellenteducation.detaildetaildetail第九頁第十頁，共29頁。二：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型第十頁第十一頁，共29頁。1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue/nottrue?2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisnotmentioned?3.AllofthefollowingaretrueEXCEPT_____.4.Inthepassagethewriterstatesthat______.5.Choosethebestorder.6.Accordingtothepassage,who/what/which/when/where/why/how...?Skills:1.usescanningtofindouttheanswerdirectly2.getridofthewrongones在閱讀理解中，要求查找主要事實(shí)和特定細(xì)節(jié)問題常有以下幾種命題方式：第十一頁第十二頁，共29頁。

大體可分為直接理解題和語義轉(zhuǎn)換題，所提問題一般可直接或間接在文章中找到答案。

提問的特殊疑問詞常有：what,who,which,where,how,why

等。事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型提問方式靈活多樣，涉及文章當(dāng)中的各種細(xì)節(jié)，如時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因，方式等。第十二頁第十三頁，共29頁。細(xì)節(jié)理解應(yīng)注意的問題：

1）首先要從問題中找出關(guān)鍵詞，運(yùn)用略讀的技巧在文中查找這一細(xì)節(jié)，并仔細(xì)閱讀，仔細(xì)比較所給選項(xiàng)與文中細(xì)節(jié)的區(qū)別。2）此類題更多地傾向于將題目中的信息與原文有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)信息進(jìn)行語義上的轉(zhuǎn)換，在轉(zhuǎn)換過程中，做題時(shí)易犯的錯(cuò)誤是未注意到轉(zhuǎn)換的準(zhǔn)確性，常常將細(xì)節(jié)信息中的范圍、程度、語義色彩等改變，從而導(dǎo)致錯(cuò)誤。第十三頁第十四頁，共29頁。Manyyearsago,whenIwasfreshoutofschoolandworkinginDenver,Iwasdrivingtomyparents'homeinMissouriforChristmas.Istoppedatagasstation(加油站)about50milesfromOklahomaCity,whereIwasplanningtostopandvisitafriend.WhileIwasstandinginlineatthecashregister(收款臺(tái)),Isaidhellotoanoldercouplewhowerealsopayingforgas.

60.TheauthorplannedtostopatOklahomaCity_______.

A.tovisitafriendB.toseehisparentsC.topayorthecashregisterD.tohavemoregasforhiscar

Passage1第十四頁第十五頁，共29頁。

Passage2Thehumanbodyisalivingmachine,andlikeallmachines,itneedsfueltosupplyitwithenergy.Thatisthefoodweeat.Buthowmuchdoweneedtostayhealthy?Theenergyvalueoffoodisusuallymeasuredincalories.Acalorieistheamountofheatrequiredtoraisethetemperatureof1kgofwaterby1℃.Thenumberofcaloriespeopleneedperdayisdifferent,asthechartshows……

Q1)____caloriesarerequiredtoraisethetemperatureof5kgofwaterfrom35℃to90℃.A.55B.175C.325D.275第十五頁第十六頁，共29頁。三：詞義猜測型第十六頁第十七頁，共29頁。

要求正確理解短文中一些關(guān)健詞、短語或句子的含義。常用的手段是利用多種表達(dá)法、詞的多義性、同近義語替換、習(xí)語釋義、句型或語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換等。

1透徹理解題意，從短文中找到相關(guān)的詞、短語或句子，根據(jù)特定的語境判斷理解，推敲斟酌，最后確定含義。

2要熟悉常見的設(shè)問形式：1)Theunderlinedwordinthe…paragraphrefersto/means________.2)Whatdoes“______”inparagraph…standfor/mean?3)“______”couldbestbereplacedbywhichofthefollowing?4)Theexpression/phrase“_______”means______.5)Theword“______”isclosestinmeaningto______.詞句理解題解題方法第十七頁第十八頁，共29頁。1.Unlikehisbrother,whoistrulyahandsomeman,Johnisquitehomely．

“homely”means“

”.

ugly（反義詞、同義詞）反義詞常見信號(hào)詞：however,but,while,whereas,unlike,otherwise等；同義詞常見信號(hào)詞：or,namely,thatis,i.e.,thatistosay,等。第十八頁第十九頁，共29頁。2.Everyoneagreedthatthewomaninthephotowasgorgeous．Itwaseasytoseewhyshehadwonthebeautycontest比賽．

“gorgeous”means3.Todaywasaveryhecticdayforme．Iwokeuplate，hurriedtotheoffice，workeduntilfour，wenttothestore，cookeddinnerandwashedclothes．IdidsomanythingsthatIwascertainlyverytired．“hectic”means“”.beautiful（根據(jù)上下文）（根據(jù)常識(shí)）busy

第十九頁第二十頁，共29頁。Howtoguessthemeaningofwords?生活常識(shí)上下文對(duì)比轉(zhuǎn)折因果關(guān)系同位關(guān)系同義詞反義詞構(gòu)詞法定義猜第二十頁第二十一頁，共29頁。四：推理判斷型第二十一頁第二十二頁，共29頁。

推理判斷題：高考重頭戲，20個(gè)題中常有6-8個(gè)，著重考查學(xué)生歸納概括、邏輯推理等綜合能力。

以原文內(nèi)容為前提，據(jù)作者的觀點(diǎn)理論（非考生觀點(diǎn)），客觀地對(duì)文中未明顯說明的現(xiàn)象或事例給予合理的邏輯推斷，做出一定解釋。推理判斷型

正確選項(xiàng)一般不是文中的原句第二十二頁第二十三頁，共29頁。推理判斷型常見的命題方式有：Thepassageimplies(暗示)

that_______.Wecanconclude(得出結(jié)論)

fromthepassagethat_____.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferred

(推論)?Whatisthetone(語氣)

oftheauthor?Whatisthepurpose(目的)

ofthispassage?Thepassageisintendedto_____.Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear?

第二十三頁第二十四頁，共29頁?！癓awsallowingtheseanimalstobebroughtinfromdeepforestareaswithoutstrictercontrolneedchanging“saysPeterSchantz.Monkey-poxmaybethewake-upcall.Researchersbelieveinfectedanimalsmayinfecttheirowners.Weknowverylittleaboutthesenewdiseases.Anewbug（病毒）maybekindatfirst.Butitmaydevelopintosomethingharmful（有害的）.Monkey-poxdoesn’tlookamajorinfectiousdisease.Butitisnotimpossibletopassthediseasefrompersontoperson.1(09全國Ⅰ)67.Thetextsuggeststhatinthefuturewe

.A.shouldstopbuyingpetsfromAmericaB.mayeasilygetinfectedbydiseasesfromdogsC.shouldnotbeallowedto