攝影測量實(shí)習(xí)報(bào)告

《攝影測量學(xué)實(shí)習(xí)》課程實(shí)習(xí)匯報(bào)學(xué)校：南京信息工程大學(xué)學(xué)院：地理與遙感學(xué)院專業(yè)：遙感科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)號(hào)：1335004姓名：才項(xiàng)太指導(dǎo)教師：李鑫慧一、實(shí)習(xí)目的理解VirtuzoNT系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行環(huán)境及軟件模塊的操作特點(diǎn)，理解實(shí)習(xí)工作流程，從而能對(duì)數(shù)字?jǐn)z影測量實(shí)習(xí)有個(gè)整體概念。完畢原始數(shù)字影像格式的轉(zhuǎn)換。掌握創(chuàng)立/打開測區(qū)及測區(qū)參數(shù)文獻(xiàn)的數(shù)據(jù)錄入。二、實(shí)習(xí)內(nèi)容2.1實(shí)習(xí)原理2.1.1模型定向1、內(nèi)定向：根據(jù)像片的框標(biāo)坐標(biāo)和對(duì)應(yīng)攝像機(jī)的檢定參數(shù)，恢復(fù)像片與攝像機(jī)的位置關(guān)系，也就是在加密和采集儀器上建立像片坐標(biāo)系。將像片糾正到像片坐標(biāo)，像片的周圍有一系列的框標(biāo)點(diǎn)，一般有四個(gè)或八個(gè)，他們的像片坐標(biāo)是事先通過嚴(yán)格的校正過的，運(yùn)用這些點(diǎn)構(gòu)成一種仿射變換的模型（或多項(xiàng)式），把像素糾正到像片坐標(biāo)系，通過這一步基本消除了因像片掃描、壓平等原因?qū)е碌淖冃巍?、相對(duì)定向和絕對(duì)定向（1）相對(duì)定向的原理：攝影測量中，相對(duì)定向常用6個(gè)原則點(diǎn)位來解求，點(diǎn)位分布如圖，并按圖中位置命名為1，2，3，4，5，6點(diǎn)、其中，l，2點(diǎn)位于像主點(diǎn)O1，O2鄰近的明顯點(diǎn)，各點(diǎn)距邊界的距離應(yīng)不小于1.5cm，并且，1，3，5三點(diǎn)和2，4，6三點(diǎn)盡量位于與O1-O2連線垂直的直線上。運(yùn)用6對(duì)（左、右像片上均有6個(gè)點(diǎn)）相對(duì)定向點(diǎn)的像點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)，可以構(gòu)成誤差方程式，并解之。（2）絕對(duì)定向的原理：將用于絕對(duì)定向的控制點(diǎn)地面測量坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)換為地面攝影測量坐標(biāo)，此時(shí)地面攝影測量坐標(biāo)系的夾角為小角，兩者的比例尺也比較靠近；確定七個(gè)絕對(duì)定向元素的初始值均為0；計(jì)算地面攝影測量坐標(biāo)重心和重心化地面攝影測量坐標(biāo)；計(jì)算攝測坐標(biāo)重心和重心化攝測坐標(biāo)；根據(jù)確定的初始值（或新的近似值），計(jì)算出誤差方程式的常數(shù)項(xiàng)；逐點(diǎn)構(gòu)成誤差方程式，逐點(diǎn)法化；解求法方程，得七個(gè)絕對(duì)定向元素的改正數(shù)；計(jì)算絕對(duì)定向元素新值；判斷絕對(duì)定向元素的改正數(shù)與否不不小于限值，當(dāng)不小于限值時(shí)，反復(fù)計(jì)算；根據(jù)求得的絕對(duì)定向元素，將所有模型點(diǎn)的攝測坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)換成地面攝測坐標(biāo)。3、核線影像：根據(jù)原始影像和方位元素，運(yùn)用水平影像糾正原理，生成無上下視差便于立體觀測的“水平”影像。讀入內(nèi)定向文獻(xiàn)，讀寫影像，水平核線的計(jì)算，影像內(nèi)插輸出：立體影像對(duì)；新的立體像對(duì)根據(jù)同名點(diǎn)計(jì)算出空間點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)。2.1.2DEM數(shù)字高程模型是表達(dá)區(qū)域D上地形三維向量的有限序列{Vi=(Xi,Yi,Zi)},其中（Xi,Yi∈D）是平面坐標(biāo)，Zi是（Xi,Yi）對(duì)應(yīng)的高程，對(duì)于規(guī)格格網(wǎng){Vi=Zi}。2.1.3DOM數(shù)字正射影像圖是以航攝像片或遙感影像為基礎(chǔ)，經(jīng)掃描處理并經(jīng)逐像元進(jìn)行輻射改正、微分糾正和鑲嵌，按地形圖范圍裁剪成的影像數(shù)據(jù)，并將地形要素的信息以符號(hào)、線畫、主機(jī)、公共格網(wǎng)、圖廓整飾等形式添加到該影像平面上，形成以柵格數(shù)據(jù)形式存儲(chǔ)的影像數(shù)據(jù)庫。2.2實(shí)習(xí)過程2.2.1模型定向1、內(nèi)定向1）新建測區(qū)→創(chuàng)立文獻(xiàn)夾2）設(shè)置測區(qū)設(shè)置（從文獻(xiàn)夾中選用控制點(diǎn)文獻(xiàn)和相機(jī)檢校文獻(xiàn)（DEM格網(wǎng)間隔改為10，等高間距改為5，攝影測量比例尺為1:15000））相機(jī)參數(shù)（修改參數(shù)→相機(jī)檢校參數(shù)→確定）引入影像（輸入影像→增長一條航帶影像→處理）地面控制點(diǎn)（輸入文獻(xiàn)gxyz.hamersly→輸入）影像參數(shù)（在做第二條航帶是要設(shè)置旋轉(zhuǎn)角度為180度）3）新建模型（如156-155）4）模型定向→影像內(nèi)定像（糾圖后要保證Mx、My≤0.005mm）2、相對(duì)定向絕對(duì)定向模型定向→自動(dòng)相對(duì)定向（保證殘差≤0.020mm,中誤差≤0.010mm）模型定向→開始絕對(duì)定向→選用同名地面控制點(diǎn)→精度調(diào)試（保證坐標(biāo)x,y,z＜0.3m）3、核線影像模型定向→核線重采樣2.2.2DEM生成DEM生產(chǎn)→影像自動(dòng)匹配→匹配點(diǎn)自動(dòng)生成DEM→DEM質(zhì)量檢查→DEM拼接與裁剪（新建文獻(xiàn)→影像添加→影像處理→生成匯報(bào)）2.2.3DOM生成DOM生產(chǎn)→生成正射影像→DOM拼接（新建文獻(xiàn)→添加影像→影像處理）2.3成果評(píng)價(jià)質(zhì)量匯報(bào)內(nèi)容1、156-155（1）VirtuoZo質(zhì)量報(bào)告內(nèi)定向信息：(E:\student\cht1335004\156-155)左原始影像(E:\student\cht1335004\Images\01-156_50mic.vz)： 起點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)[行數(shù)X列數(shù)]： 2528.9792563.294[x0Xy0]： 0.0000.000 RMS:Mx=0.002My=0.002殘差: 點(diǎn)號(hào) dx dy1 0.000 0.0012 0.000 -0.0013 0.000 0.0004 0.002 -0.0025 -0.003 0.0036 0.003 -0.0027 -0.004 0.0048 0.001 -0.002右原始影像(E:\student\cht1335004\Images\01-155_50mic.vz)： 起點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)[行數(shù)X列數(shù)]： 2558.8442560.150 [x0Xy0]： 0.0000.000 RMS:Mx=0.001My=0.002殘差: 點(diǎn)號(hào) dx dy1 -0.001 -0.0022 0.000 -0.0013 0.001 0.0014 0.001 -0.0015 0.000 0.0036 -0.000 -0.0017 -0.003 0.0008 0.001 0.000相對(duì)定向信息：(E:\student\cht1335004\156-155)殘差： 點(diǎn)號(hào) dq 2156 -0.003000 6156 -0.005000 6155 0.00 2155 0.00 1155 -0.003000 1156 -0.00共有 182個(gè)點(diǎn)RMS: Mq=0.006000絕對(duì)定向信息：(E:\student\cht1335004\156-155)殘差：21560.010252-0.237837-0.0978766156-0.076968-0.095095-0.0862876155-0.1643260.2270600.21072321550.181693-0.152187-0.1109711155-0.0907650.127980-0.10328011560.1401140.1300780.187691RMS: mx=0.125110my=0.170111 mxy=0.211164mz=0.141208影像匹配信息：(E:\student\cht1335004\156-155)Initialparameters leftimage:rows=4583columns=2738rightimage:rows=4583columns=2738Matchwindowwidth=9Matchwindowlength=9Searchingrange=1MatchgridX_interval=9MatchgridY_interval=9MATCH_BLOCK==1MATCH_LEVEL==3MATCH_AREAS==33X20660:00.0%660:51277.6%660:58889.1%660:61993.8%660:62494.5%660:62995.3%660:63295.8%MATCH_BLOCK==1MATCH_LEVEL==2MATCH_AREAS==101X606060:00.0%6060:504283.2%6060:546690.2%6060:558492.1%6060:565393.3%6060:568393.8%6060:571294.3%6060:573394.6%6060:574994.9%6060:575995.0%6060:577195.2%6060:577995.4%6060:578395.4%6060:579195.6%MATCH_BLOCK==1MATCH_LEVEL==1MATCH_AREAS==305X18255510:00.0%55510:4454180.2%55510:4903088.3%55510:5026990.6%55510:5093491.8%55510:5126892.4%55510:5154192.8%55510:5175193.2%55510:5194393.6%55510:5206593.8%55510:5218094.0%55510:5225694.1%55510:5233294.3%55510:5239694.4%55510:5244894.5%55510:5249194.6%55510:5252394.6%MATCH_BLOCK==1MATCH_LEVEL==0MATCH_AREAS==509X304154736:00.0%154736:11710675.7%154736:12826982.9%154736:13175985.2%154736:13390786.5%154736:13515387.3%154736:13614688.0%154736:13726588.7%154736:13824789.3%154736:13880089.7%154736:13921690.0%154736:13949090.1%154736:13974390.3%154736:13998290.5%154736:14022390.6%154736:14037290.7%154736:14050890.8%154736:14061090.9%（2）質(zhì)檢類型:DEM保密點(diǎn)檢查IDX0Y0Z0ZZ2155##16246.429 11481.730 811.794 812.769 0.9752156##14885.665 11308.226 1016.443 1016.9260.4836156##14947.986 10435.860 765.182 765.664 0.4826155##16340.235 10314.228 751.178 751.657 0.4791155##16311.749 12631.929 770.666 771.035 0.3691156##14936.858 12482.769 762.349 762.106 -0.243均方根誤均方根誤差:0.350米（3）DOM質(zhì)量檢查IDX0Y0Z0DXDYDZFlag115516311.74912631.929770.6660.6670.3330.0000115614936.85812482.769762.349-0.6670.8340.0000215516246.42911481.730811.794-0.167-0.1670.0000215614885.66511308.2261016.443-1.0000.3330.0000615516340.23510314.228751.178-0.500-0.3330.0000615614947.98610435.860765.182-0.6670.1670.0000均方根誤差(單位:米):DX=0.660DY=0.425DXY=0.7852、157-156（1）VirtuoZo質(zhì)量報(bào)告內(nèi)定向信息：(E:\student\cht1335004\157-156)左原始影像(E:\student\cht1335004\Images\01-157_50mic.vz)： 起點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)[行數(shù)X列數(shù)]： 2558.7712560.186 [x0Xy0]： 0.0000.000 RMS:Mx=0.002My=0.002殘差: 點(diǎn)號(hào) dx dy1 -0.000 0.0022 -0.003 -0.0033 0.002 -0.0014 0.002 -0.0025 0.004 0.0016 0.000 0.0037 -0.003 0.0028 -0.002 -0.002右原始影像(E:\student\cht1335004\Images\01-156_50mic.vz)： 起點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)[行數(shù)X列數(shù)]： 2528.9792563.294 [x0Xy0]： 0.0000.000 RMS:Mx=0.002My=0.002殘差: 點(diǎn)號(hào) dx dy1 0.000 0.0012 0.000 -0.0013 0.000 0.0004 0.002 -0.0025 -0.003 0.0036 0.003 -0.0027 -0.004 0.0048 0.001 -0.002相對(duì)定向信息：(E:\student\cht1335004\157-156)殘差： 點(diǎn)號(hào) dq 6157 0.004000 2157 -0.00 1157 0.008000 1156 -0.005000 2156 -0.006000 6156 -0.00共195個(gè)點(diǎn)RMS: Mq=0.006000絕對(duì)定向信息：(E:\student\cht1335004\157-156)殘差：6157-0.055143-0.1345840.02357221570.150214-0.096153-0.11163211570.1001310.1280750.0592621156-0.1428830.088705-0.10122221560.085769-0.1463850.1378466156-0.1380890.160342-0.007826RMS: mx=0.117240my=0.128302 mxy=0.173801mz=0.087405影像匹配信息：(E:\student\cht1335004\157-156)Initialparametersleftimage:rows=4607columns=2626rightimage:rows=4607columns=2626Matchwindowwidth=9Matchwindowlength=9Searchingrange=1MatchgridX_interval=9MatchgridY_interval=9MATCH_BLOCK==1MATCH_LEVEL==3MATCH_AREAS==34X19646:00.0%646:51078.9%646:58690.7%646:60994.3%646:61294.7%646:61595.2%646:61695.4%MATCH_BLOCK==1MATCH_LEVEL==2MATCH_AREAS==102X585916:00.0%5916:473080.0%5916:520387.9%5916:538090.9%5916:544292.0%5916:547692.6%5916:550193.0%5916:551893.3%5916:553393.5%5916:555193.8%5916:555693.9%5916:557194.2%5916:557694.3%5916:558294.4%5916:558794.4%MATCH_BLOCK==1MATCH_LEVEL==1MATCH_AREAS==306X17553550:00.0%53550:4089576.4%53550:4575185.4%53550:4715988.1%53550:4805189.7%53550:4854790.7%53550:4889791.3%53550:4914391.8%53550:4936692.2%53550:4949592.4%53550:4960792.6%53550:4968492.8%53550:4977292.9%53550:4982793.0%53550:4989293.2%53550:4992293.2%53550:4996893.3%53550:4998693.3%MATCH_BLOCK==1MATCH_LEVEL==0MATCH_AREAS==511X291148701:00.0%148701:10529770.8%148701:11686678.6%148701:12114381.5%148701:12405383.4%148701:12567184.5%148701:12693285.4%148701:12810186.1%148701:12919186.9%148701:12982687.3%148701:13034187.7%148701:13069887.9%148701:13105288.1%148701:13139288.4%148701:13165888.5%148701:13181588.6%148701:13199588.8%148701:13213488.9%148701:13226188.9%148701:13238489.0%（2）質(zhì)檢類型:DEM保密點(diǎn)檢查IDX0Y0Z0ZZ1156##14936.858 12482.769 762.349 764.3702.0216157##13515.624 10360.523 944.991943.387 -1.6041157##13561.39312644.357 791.479 792.757 1.2782157##13535.400 11444.393 895.774 896.714 0.9402156##14885.665 11308.226 1016.4431017.253 0.8106156##14947.986 10435.860 765.182 765.609 0.427均方根誤差:0.817米（3）DOM質(zhì)量檢查157-156DOM精度匯報(bào)IDX0Y0Z0DXDYDZFlag115614936.85812482.769762.349-1.000-0.3330.0000115713561.39312644.357791.479-0.500-0.1670.0000215614885.66511308.2261016.443-1.166-0.5000.0000215713535.40011444.393895.774-0.667-0.1670.0000615614947.98610435.860765.182-0.500-0.0000.0000615713515.62410360.523944.991-0.6670.0000.0000均方根誤差(單位:米):DX=0.790DY=0.264DXY=0.8333、165-166（1）VirtuoZo質(zhì)量報(bào)告內(nèi)定向信息：(E:\student\cht1335004\165-166)左原始影像(E:\student\cht1335004\Images\02-165_50mic.vz)： 起點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)[行數(shù)X列數(shù)]： 2558.9842559.527 [x0Xy0]： 0.0000.000 RMS:Mx=0.002My=0.003殘差: 點(diǎn)號(hào) dx dy1 0.002 -0.0042 0.001 0.0043 0.002 -0.0034 0.000 0.0015 -0.002 0.0016 -0.001 -0.0027 -0.001 0.0028 -0.000 0.001右原始影像(E:\student\cht1335004\Images\02-166_50mic.vz)： 起點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)[行數(shù)X列數(shù)]： 2558.8562560.001 [x0Xy0]： 0.0000.000 RMS:Mx=0.002My=0.001殘差: 點(diǎn)號(hào) dx dy1 -0.001 -0.0012 0.000 0.0003 -0.000 -0.0014 0.001 0.0015 -0.002 0.0016 0.002 -0.0007 -0.003 0.0018 0.002 -0.000相對(duì)定向信息：(E:\student\cht1335004\165-166)殘差： 點(diǎn)號(hào) dq 6155 0.010000 2266 -0.010000 6265 -0.001000 2265 0.007000 6156 0.004000 6266 -0.00共236個(gè)點(diǎn)RMS: Mq=0.006000絕對(duì)定向信息：(E:\student\cht1335004\165-166)絕對(duì)定向信息：殘差：61550.0754450.095521-0.16306322660.159830-0.0691280.20292662650.0553230.158704-0.0376192265-0.153529-0.124806-0.0195036156-0.041623-0.0820470.0660196266-0.0954470.021756-0.048760RMS: mx=0.107014my=0.101548 mxy=0.147526mz=0.112768影像匹配信息：(E:\student\cht1335004\165-166)Initialparametersleftimage:rows=4499columns=2771rightimage:rows=4499columns=2771Matchwindowwidth=9Matchwindowlength=9Searchingrange=1MatchgridX_interval=9MatchgridY_interval=9MATCH_BLOCK==1MATCH_LEVEL==3MATCH_AREAS==33X20660:00.0%660:53280.6%660:60691.8%660:63295.8%660:63596.2%660:63696.4%660:63696.4%MATCH_BLOCK==1MATCH_LEVEL==2MATCH_AREAS==99X616039:00.0%6039:518985.9%6039:566493.8%6039:575895.3%6039:578295.7%6039:579696.0%6039:580396.1%6039:580796.2%6039:582096.4%6039:582596.5%6039:582896.5%6039:583196.6%MATCH_BLOCK==1MATCH_LEVEL==1MATCH_AREAS==299X18455016:00.0%55016:4638084.3%55016:5076892.3%55016:5167593.9%55016:5215294.8%55016:5234395.1%55016:5246995.4%55016:5255795.5%55016:5266795.7%55016:5272695.8%55016:5277095.9%55016:5280196.0%55016:5283396.0%MATCH_BLOCK==1MATCH_LEVEL==0MATCH_AREAS==499X307153193:00.0%153193:12347280.6%153193:13417787.6%153193:13733089.6%153193:13919090.9%153193:14015591.5%153193:14090692.0%153193:14184892.6%153193:14263593.1%153193:14300193.3%153193:14329893.5%153193:14345393.6%153193:14362793.8%153193:14380193.9%153193:14396094.0%153193:14405094.0%153193:14413794.1%153193:14419694.1%（2）質(zhì)檢類型:DEM保密點(diǎn)檢查IDX0Y0Z0ZZ6266##16232.309 7741.696 703.121 701.350-1.7716265##14888.312 7769.835 707.615 706.722-0.8932266##16327.646 9002.483 748.470 747.862 -0.6086155##16340.235 10314.228