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(一)
A.Youdon’thavetobeonstagetogetstagefright.
B.Stagefrightispartofthebody’sreactiontostress.
C.Youtrytospeakyourlines,butnothingseemstocomeout.
D.Withpractice,wecanlearnhowtorelaxwhileplayingsports.
EThegoodnewsaboutstagefrightisthatherearewaystodealwithit.
F.However,thereisatimewhenstagefrightpreventsyoufromsteppingonstage.
Stagefright
Imaginethatyouareanactorperforminginaplayforthefirsttime.Youhavelearnedallyourlinesandyouknowwheretowalkonstage.Waitingbehindtheclosedcurtain,youcanheartheaudiencewhisperingandtakingtheirseats.
Thenyourbigmomentarrives!Thecurtaingoesup,andthecrowdfallssilent.Allyoucanseeisthespotlightshiningdownonyou.1Theinsideofyourmouthisdry,andyourhandsarewet.
Ifyouhaveexperiencedamomentlikethis,youknowalltoowellwhatitmeanstohavestagefright.Itisoneofthemostcommontypesoffearandtendstostrikepeoplewhentheyfindthemselvesatthecentreofattention.2Peopleexperiencethisfearwhenplayingsports,givingapresentation,orevenspeakinginclass.Apersonwhosuffersfromstagefrightmaygetsweatyhands,adrymouth,atightthroat,orshakyknees.Stagefrightisactuallyaformofpanic,andthesefeelingsareveryreal.
3Theexperiencediffersfrompersontoperson,butthesamechemicalprocessoccursineachofus.Inreactiontoanxiety,ourbodiesproduceachemicalthatpreparesustoeitherfightorrunawayquickly.Scientistsrefertothisasourbodies’“fightorflight”reaction.Asaresult,wefeelgreatenergythatmakesourhandssweat,ourheartsrace,andourkneesshake.
4Practisingyourperformanceandfollowingsomesimpletipscanhelpcalmnervesandmanagethefeelingscausedbyanxiety.First,dresscomfortablyandappropriately.Second,beforetheperformance,takedeepbreathsandstretchtohelprelaxyourbody.Thirdly,stayawayfromdrinksthatcontaincaffeine.Thesemightmakeyourheartraceevenfaster.Instead,tryabanana!Somedoctorsbelievethateatingabananacanhelpcalmyourheartandtherestofyourbody.Finally,whenyoulookintoacrowd,trytofocusonparticularpeopleinsteadofthewholegroup.Thesetipshavehelpedmanypeoplelearntodealwiththeirfears.
(二)
A.Pickupthedishwiththeremainingfood.
B.Properfoodisabasicnecessityforyourpuppies.
C.Remembertogiveyourpuppythefoodhewouldliketohave.
D.Itcanalsocauseanupsetstomachduetoanunbalanceddiet.
E.Oneexampleisthatextrahelpingsofnutrientsdoharmtodigestiveorgans.
F.It’sgoodtoprovidetheextranutrientsapuppyneedsuntilhegrowslarger.
Puppyfood
Apuppy(youngdog)isapreciousadditiontoanyfamily.Theexcitementofbringinghomealittlefurryfriendwillalwaysliveinourmemories.Likeallofus,though,yourpuppymusthaveadequatenutritionrightfromthestarttomakecertainthatit’llhavealongandhealthylife.
1Youmightaskyourselfwhatisthebestforyournewpetwithallofthedifferentvarietiesonthemarketinalloftheirattractivepackaging.Somedryfoodproducedspeciallyforpuppiesisthebestforthedevelopmentoftheirteeth.Afurtherbenefitisthatitislessexpensivethanthecannedfood.
Contrarytothebeliefofmanyfirst-timepuppyowners,itisnotalwaysthebestideatopurchasefoodthatistoohighincalcium(鈣),protein,andvitaminlevels.2Inaddition,ahighintakeofcalciumisassociatedwithbonediseaseinlarge-breeddogs.Ifyouhavea“small-breed”puppy,youcanbuythatkindoffood.
Itisnotagoodideatofeedthefoodyoueattoyourpuppyfrequently,asyourpuppymaybecomeselectiveaboutfood.3Somepeoplethinkthatdogbiscuitsandothertreatsarefine,buttheyshouldnotbeamainpartofapuppy’sdiet.
Youngpuppiesshouldbefedthreetimesaday.Eachpuppyisunique,sofeedingthemtwiceadayisacceptable.Aftertentotwelveweeksofage,feedyourpuppytwiceperday.Allowyourpuppytoeatasmuchashewouldlikeinfifteenminutes.4Ifyouletyourpuppyeattoomuchortoooftenbykeepingfoodaccessibleatalltimes,hemaybecomeoverweightandhavehealthproblemsasanadult.Likehumans,yourpuppywillnotenjoythefoodanylongerifitisthereatalltimes.
(三)
A.IntheAmericanfamily,childrenandparentsareequal.
B.Itcanreflectthetraditionalvaluesandcustomsofanation.
C.Whenitcomestobigproblems,childrendonothavetoalwaysfollowtheirparents’ways.
D.AlthoughAmericanspaymuchattentiontoindependenceandequality,theydon’tbelieveinmakingsacrifice.
E.Sometimeschildrendopreciselytheoppositeofwhattheirparentswishinordertodeclaretheirindependence.
F.Manyofthemareexpectedtoleavewhatcouldbelife’smostimportantdecision—marriage—almostentirelyuptoluck.
Familyvalues
Tounderstandanation,youshouldfirstgettoknowitsminimumunit—family.__1__
IntheUS,uponreachinganappropriateage(usuallybetween18and21years),childrenareencouraged,butnotforced,to“l(fā)eavethenest”andbeginanindependentlife.Afterchildrenleavehome,theyoftenfindsocialrelationshipandfinancialsupportoutsidethefamily.Parentsdonotarrangemarriagesfortheirchildren,nordochildrenusuallyaskpermissionoftheirparentstogetmarried.Youngadultsmeettheirfuturespouses(配偶)throughotherfriends,atjobs,andinorganizationsandreligiousinstitutions.Althoughchildrenchoosetheirownspouses,theystillhopetheirparentswillapproveoftheirchoices.
Parentsfeelthatchildrenshouldmakemajorlifedecisionsbythemselvesinmanyfamilies.Aparentmaytrytoinfluenceachildtofollowaparticularprofessionbutthechildisfreetochoose
SomepeoplemayworrythatIamsuggestingonegenderisbetterthantheother,butthisisnotthecase.Mytheorysaysthatmalesandfemalesdifferinthekindsofthingsthattheyfindeasy,butthatbothgendershavetheirstrengthsandweaknesses.4Itisnottrue.Thestudysimplylooksatmalesandfemalesastwogroups,andaskswhatdifferencesexist,andwhytheyarethere.
(八)
A.Forthesepeople,sayingNOtoothersisoftenofmuchanxiety.
B.Itreviewsyourwork,yourlove,yourplay,untilitfindsanimperfection.
C.Comparinganxietywithdepressionhelpstodiscusspossiblecuresforanxiety.
D.Thesethreecommonemotionsareconsideredthecauseofmostmentalillnesses.
E.Ifyouareanxiousaboutthework,youmightgettotheofficeanhourearliereveryday.
F.Youfindyourselfwakingupanxious,goingthroughthedayanxiousandgoingtobedanxious.
Anxietyisyourmentalwatchman.Itsfixedpatternistosearchforwhatmaybeabouttogowrong.Itcontinually,andwithoutyourconsciouspermission,scansyourlife,evenwhenyouareasleep,indreamsandnightmares.1Whenitfindsone,itworriesit.
Alongwithdepressionandanger,anxietyisoneofthebadfacesofworries.2Controlledbyanxiety,youwillfeelalackofsecurityandconfidence.Whenanxietyissevereandpained,itcanbeasignofadisorder,suchaspanicorterror.
Althoughanxietyseemstohaveabiologicalbasis,itishabit-formingformanyofus.Someofouranxiousfeelingsareinfactwastedenergy.Anxietyhasgottenoutofhandwhenitispointlessandrepeated.Whenyouarefacedwithaproblematwork,beforetakingatest,ormakinganimportantdecision,youwillfeelanxious.Whenyouarecontrolledbyanxiety,youareunabletocontrolyouremotionstothepointofitchangingy
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