人教新課標(biāo)必修三英語語法-名詞性從句教學(xué)課件1

語法—名詞性從句nounclause英語句子的種類簡單句(simplesentence)并列句(compoundsentence)復(fù)合句(complexsentence)英語句子概論簡單句的五種基本句型Theweatherisverycold.主語+謂語（連系動詞）+表語Helaughed.主語+謂語（vi.）Ilike

Chinesefood.主語+謂語(vt.)+賓語Shetaught

them

physics.主語+謂語(vt.)+間接賓語+直接賓語Wemustkeeptheroomwarm.主語+謂語(vt.)+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語

并列句把兩個或幾個簡單句用并列連詞連接起來。IturnedontheTV.MysisterandIwatchedit.

IturnedontheTVandmysisterandIwatchedit.

Iboughtmysisterapresent.Shedidn’tlikeit.Iboughtmysisterapresent,butshedidn’tlikeit.并列句并列句常用并列連詞:

平行并列連詞:轉(zhuǎn)折并列連詞：因果并列連詞:選擇并列連詞:and,both…and,notonly…butalso,neither…norbut,however,while,yet,or,either…orfor,so復(fù)合句:主句+從句名詞性從句定語從句狀語從句1.TheboywhoisstandingoverthereisTom2.Becauseitisraining,wehavetostayathome

定語從句

狀語從句3.Iknow(that)heisfromAmerica(賓語從句）名詞性從句---NounClauses(名詞性從句)SubjectClause(主語從句)AppositiveClause（同位語從句）ObjectClause（賓語從句）PredicativeClause（表語從句）名詞性從句在功能上相當(dāng)于名詞,在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語、同位語等。主語

{Hisjobisimportant.Whathedoesisimportant.表語Thisishisjob.Thisiswhathedoeseveryday.

{賓語Idon’tlikehisjob.Idon’tlikewhathedoeseveryday.同位語Idon’tknowabouttheman,Mr.White.Idon’tknowaboutthefact

thatheisateacher.Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.主語從句賓語從句表語從句

名詞性從句的作用相當(dāng)于名詞，因此主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位語從句分別作主句的主語、表語、賓語和同位語。同位語從句ObjectClauses

賓語從句

Iknowhim.2.Iknowwhoheis.主語謂語賓語（簡單句）主語謂語賓語從句連詞從句主語從句謂語

主句（復(fù)合句）句子做賓語就是賓語從句，跟在及物動詞或介詞后句子結(jié)構(gòu)：主句+連詞（引導(dǎo)詞）+賓語從句。ConjunctionsofNounClauses(引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞):what,who,whom,whose,which,wh+everthat,whether,ifwhen,where,how,why一、連詞（引導(dǎo)詞）1.that1.當(dāng)賓語從句是由陳述句轉(zhuǎn)變而來時（包括肯定句和否定句），連詞由that引導(dǎo)，因?yàn)閠hat在從句中不作任何成分，也沒有任何具體意思，因此在口語或非正式文體中常省略。LinTaofeels(that)hisownteamisevenbetter.

2.賓語從句中的連接詞that在以下三種情況下不能省略：（1）當(dāng)that從句與另一名詞性從句并列作賓語時，第二個that不能?。唬?）當(dāng)that從句作介詞賓語時，that不可省掉。（3）用it做形式賓語的賓語從句。Everyoneknewwhathappenedand

thatshewasworried.Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.IthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud.當(dāng)賓語從句是由一般疑問句變來時時，由連詞whether或if引導(dǎo)，“是否”，不能省略。(1).Lilywantedtoknow___

hergrandmalikedthehandbag.(2).Let’ssee____

wecanfindoutsomeinformationaboutthatcity.(3).Sheaskedme---------

shecouldborrowthesebooks.注意whether和if的使用區(qū)別:1).whether和if都可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句a.當(dāng)有ornot時就用whether,不用if.Idon’tknowwhetherornotIwillstay.b.介詞后面的賓語從句不能用if.

IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeeling.2.whether//ifif/whetherif/whetherif/whetherPracticetimeif/whether

1.Iaskedher____________shehadabike.

2.We’reworriedabout_________heissafe.

3.Idon’tknow_________heiswellornot.

4.Idon’tknow________ornotheiswell.

5.Idon’tknow__________Ishouldgo.

if/whetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhether/if_______togo.whether3.當(dāng)賓語從句是由特殊疑問句轉(zhuǎn)變而來時，由疑問詞（what,who,whom,which,whose

when,where,how,why等）引導(dǎo)，因?yàn)橐蓡栐~在從句中擔(dān)任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意義，所以不可以省略。Doyouknow-----hesaidjustnow?Idon’tremember-------

wearrived.Iaskedhim------

Icouldgetsomuchmoney.Pleasetellme-------

wehavetosee.Doyouknow-------

timetheplaneleaves?whatwhenwherewho\whomwhat二、時態(tài)1.如果主句是現(xiàn)在的時態(tài)（包括一般現(xiàn)在時，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，現(xiàn)在完成時），從句的時態(tài)可根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定，（包括一般現(xiàn)在時，一般過去時，一般將來時，現(xiàn)在完成時等）。Iknowhe_---here

.(live)Iknow

he-----

heretenyearsago.(live)

I

haveheardthathe-------------tomorrow

.(come)2.如果主句是過去的時態(tài)（包括一般過去時，過去進(jìn)行時），那么從句的時態(tài)一定要用相對應(yīng)的過去的某種時態(tài)（包括一般過去時，過去進(jìn)行時，過去將來時，過去完成時）Iknewwho---------here.(live)Isawshe_------------hermother.(talk)Heaskedwhetherhisfather_________________tomorrow.(comeback)Hesaidthathe____________it.(see)3.當(dāng)從句是客觀真理，定義，公理，定理時用一般現(xiàn)在時。Theteachersaidthattheearth----------aroundthesun.（travel）liveslivedwillcometravelslivedwastalkingwithwouldcomebackhadseen3.在主句為動詞be加某些形容詞（如sorry,sure,afraid,glad等）作表語時，后面所跟的省略that的從句也可算是賓語從句。I’msorry

(that)

Idon’tknow.We’resure

(that)

ourteamwillwin.I’mafraid

(that)

hewon’tpasstheexam.三、語序賓語從句的語序用陳述語序：連接詞+主語+謂語+其他成分。1.Idon’tknowwhatisthematter\thetrouble\wrongwithhim.2.Idon’tknowwhodidit.3.Idon’tknowwhoishe1.Whenwillhegotothelibrary?1Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.2Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary.

2.Whatdoeshewanttobuy?1Idon’tknowwhathewantstobuy.2Idon’tknowwhatdoeshewanttobuy.√√×√√Wethoughtit

strange

thatXiaoWangdidnotcomeyesterday.2.Hehasmadeit

clear

thathewillnotgivein.注意：

it常可以放在動詞think,find,consider,believe,feel,make等后作為形式賓語,真正的賓語-that從句則放在句尾.*________________________(我們覺得很奇怪)shedidn’tgotoschooltoday.Wethinkit

strange

thatFillintheblankswithsuitableconjunctions.1.---Canyoutellme_____themanis?---Heismybrother.2.Ididn'tknow_____hewascominguntilyesterday.3.Thedoctorasks____medicineyouhavetaken.4.Iwanttoknow_____theysolvedtheproblemsinthecity.whowhenwhathowwhenWhether/if1.

Theyoungmanasked_____it'ssummerorwinter.A.eitherB.thatC.weatherD.whether2.

Wedon'tknow______theydidit.A.howB.whoC.whatD.which3.Theteacherasksus____Jimcancomebackontime.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whattime

4.Doesanybodyknow______wewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweekendornot.A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.thatDABC5.Couldyoushowme________?A.howcanIgettothestationB.whereisthestationC.howIcouldgettothestationD.howIcanreachthestation6.Pleasetellme_______.A.whatdoeshelikeB.whathedoeslikeC.whathelikesD.whathelike7.Mysistertoldhim________.A.whatdaywasitB.whenthetrainarrivedC.whoshewaswaitingD.wheredidyouliveCBD8.Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee_______.A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitis9.Couldyoutellmehowlong__________?A.youhaveboughtthewatchB.youhavekeptthissciencebookC.haveyoubeenawayfromChinaD.haveyoubeenamemberofGreenerChina10.Hesaysthatifit_______tomorrow,he_______fishing.A.willrain,won'tgoB.rained,wasn'tgoC.rains,won'tgoD.rain,willgoBCDSubjectClauses

主語從句1.————————————iscertain.（我們將遲到了）2.________________________isknowntoall.(地球是圓的)3.________________________isapity(你錯過了這次機(jī)會)

ThattheearthisroundThatyoumissedthechance二whether是否，表不確定的事情.引導(dǎo)詞Thatweshallbelate————————hurtshimsomuch.（她離開他）一.that

_---只起引導(dǎo)作用，不充當(dāng)成分，但不能省略。沒有意義

。1).Thatshelefthim__________________________isnoteasytosay(他是否會來這）2)Whetherhewillcomehere(Ifhewillcomehere...)×3)_____________ismorepractice.(我們所需要的）what在從句中作主語。4）————————————————isunderdiscussion.When在從句中作狀語WhatweneedWhenwewillbeginthemeeting“if”不能引導(dǎo)主語從句三。其他疑問詞ConjunctionsofNounClauses(引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞):what,who,whom,whose,which,wh+everthat,whether,when,where,how,why注意一:主語從句后置!為了避免主語冗長,句子頭重腳輕,經(jīng)常用it作形式主語,主語從句放在后面作真正的主語.Thatweshallbelateiscertain.1.Thattheearthisroundisknowntoall.--2.Thatyoumissedthechanceisapity.--

Itisapitythatyoumissedthechance.It’sknowntoallthattheearthisround.--It’scertainthatweshallbelate.這樣就構(gòu)成了下面一些常用句型:

Itis+adj/nthat……(strange/apity…)Itis+v–edthat…..(…said/reported….由連詞whether,連接代詞what,who,which和連接副詞when,where,why,how等引導(dǎo),也常常后置:Whowilldoit____beendecided(have/has)Whatheneeds__thatbook.Whatheneeds__somebooks.√isare注意三：What與that引導(dǎo)主語從句what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分,如主語,賓語,表語,而that則不然,它在句子中只起連接作用。.(1)_____yousaidyesterdayisright.(2)_____sheisstillaliveisapuzzleWhatThat注意：主語從句中，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)注意二What引導(dǎo)的主語從句，可根據(jù)表語決定___hemadeanimportantspeechatthemeetingwastrue.

A.ThatB.WhyC.WhatD.How2.___we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.AIfBWhetherCThatDWhere3.___isknowntousallisthatAmericaisadevelopedcountry____theFirstWorld.Which;belongtob.As,belongedtoc.What;belongingtod.It;belongingto4.It’sknowntousall___aformofenergy.A.waterisB.thatwaterisC.iswaterD.thatwaterto5.Itworriedherabit___herhairwasturninggray.A.whetherB.thatC.whatD.when6.WhatIsayandthink___noneofyourbusiness.A.isB.areC.hasDhavewhat,who,whom,whose,which,wh+everthat,whether,asif/asthoughwhen,where,how,why.because表語從句是在復(fù)合句中作表語的名詞性從句,放在系動詞之后,一般結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語+系動詞+表語從句”?？梢越颖碚Z從句的系動詞有be,look,remain,seem表語從句Thequestionis_____wecanrelyonhim.That’s_____wewereinneedofmoneyatthattime.Helooked____hewasgoingtocry.That’s_____Iwaslate.whetherbecauseasifwhyPredicativeClauses

表語從句注意：在表語從句中，表“是否”時，只能用“whether”不能用“if”。一般情況下，“that”不能省。

Itis/wasbecause….Itis/waswhy….3.Thereason(why…/for…)is/wasthat….4Thereasonisbecause/why…that….1.That’s___thePartycalledonustodo.A.whyB.whatC.howD.that2.Thereasonis___heisunabletooperatethemachine.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.Whether3.Thatis___theyseparated.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where4.Janeisnolonger___shewasfouryearsago.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.when找出各句中的從句并指出是何種從句。1.Idon'tknowifIcandoit.2.Whatheisdoingseemsverydifficult.3.Theimportantthingishowwecanimproveourstudies.4.MrLialwaysthinksofhowhecandomoreforthepeople.5.Thenewsthatshewaspretendingtobesickwaswhisperedfromonetoanother.主語從句賓語從句表語從句同位語從句賓語從句6.That'swhatyouaregoingtodofirst.7.It'llbedecidedattheclassmeetingwhoistobethemonitorofourclass.8.Whenthesportsmeetistobeheldisstillunderdiscussion.9.Iwassurprisedatwhathesaid.10.HegavemethenewsthatsomeAmericanswillvisitourschooltomorrow.主語從句賓語從句表語從句主語從句同位語從句appositiveClauses

同位語從句同位語從句1.跟在某些名詞后面，對該名詞作進(jìn)一步解釋說明。常用名詞有belief,fact,idea,hope,news,doubt,result,thought,information,opinion等。Suggestion,suggestorderdemandwish等2.常用連詞：that;when,where,why,howe.g.1.消息傳來，拿破侖要來視察他的軍隊(duì)。

WordcamethatNapoleonwouldcomeandinspecthisgrandarmy.

It’sthequestionhowhedidit.3同位語從句多用that引導(dǎo)，無意義，不可省。2.問題是他如何做這件事的4.在havenoidea之后用wh-引導(dǎo)同位語從句Ihavenoideawherehehasgone.Ihavenoideawhenhedidit.Ihavenoideawhathedid.1.TwothirdsofallgirlsinBritainareonadiet./Thefactworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.2.TheQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina./Weheardthenewslastnight._____________________________________________________

Thefact

that

twothirdsofallgirlsareonadiet

worriestheirparentsandteachersalot._____________________________________________________________Weheardthenewslastnightthat

theQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina.4.Timetravelispossible./Thereisnoscientificprooffortheidea.5.Chinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetime./Thesuggestioniswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool.3.Teenagersshouldnotspendtoomuchtimeonline./ManyBritishparentsholdtheview.____________________________________________________ManyBritishparentsholdtheview

that

teenagersshouldn’tspendtoomuchtimeonline.____________________________Thereisnoscientificprooffortheidea

that

timetravelispossible.______________________________________________________Thesuggestion

that

Chinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetimeiswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool.1.Weexpressedthehopethattheyhadexpected.2.WeexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.定語從句同位語從句3.連詞that在同位語從句中不可省略,而在定語從句中當(dāng)它充當(dāng)賓語時可以省略。區(qū)別that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句和定語從句：1.引導(dǎo)同位語的連詞that在句中不作任何句子成分，而在定語從句中，that充當(dāng)?shù)目梢允菑木涞闹髡Z或賓語等2.同位語從句是對前面名詞的內(nèi)容的具體說明，而定語從句是對前面名詞進(jìn)行修飾，解釋為“….的”3.Thefactthatsheworkshardiswellknowntousall.1.Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthegamewastrue.

2.Thenewsthathetoldmeyesterdaywastrue同位語從句定語從句同位語從句

判斷:定語從句or同位語從句1.Theorderthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroupswasreceivedyesterday.

2.Theorderthatwereceivedyesterdaywasthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroups.3.ThenewsthathewillleaveforShanghaiistrue.4.Thenewsthatwegotlastweekistrue.5.Thequestionthatwediscussedyesterdayisadifficultone.(定語從句)(同位語從句)(同位語從句)(定語從句)(定語從句)注意1：that/what的辨用1.______hewantsisabook.2.______hewantstogothereisobvious.

3.Weshouldpayattentionto______theteacheris

saying.4.Hetoldus______hefeltill.5.Theresultis______wewonthegame.

6.Thisis_____wewanttoknow.

7.Ihavenoidea_____hedidthatafternoon.8.Thefact______sheworkshardiswellknowntousall.

WhatThatwhatwhatwhat（that）（that）thatRules1.that在名詞性從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，只起連接作用2.what除起連接作用外，還在名詞性從句中充當(dāng)成分，可做從句的主語、賓語、或表語。注意2：whether與if的辨用1.Whetheritistrueremainsaproblem.2.Itremainsaproblemwhether/ifitistrue.3.Heaskedwhether/ifMarywouldattendtheceremony.4.Itdependsonwhetherwehavegotenoughmoney.5.Thequestioniswhetheryoushouldacceptit.6.Thequestionwhetherhe’llattendthemeetingisimportant.7.Ididn’tknowwhethertolaughortocry.8.Idon’tknowwhether/ifitisrightornot.Rules1.在由形式主語it引導(dǎo)的主語從句及在vt動詞后面的賓語從句中，表“是否”，whether/if都可以用；2.在前置主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句和跟在介詞后面的賓語從句中，表“是否”，只能用whether；3.在whether…ornot和whethertodo中whether不能換成ifPracticetimeif/whether1.Iaskedher__________shehadabike.2.Idon’tknow___________heiswellornot.3.___________wewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather.4.Ithasn'tbeendecided____________weshallattendthemeeting.5.We’reworriedabout________heissafe.6.Thequestionis_________heshoulddoit.7.Thedoctorcanhardlyanswerthequestion

__________theoldmanwillrecoversoon.8.Idon’tknow_______togoortostayathome.

whether/ifwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhether/if1.____madetheschoolproudwas____morethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.AWhat/becauseBWhat/thatCThat/whatDThat/because2.___shecouldn’tunderstandwas___fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.AWhat/whyBThat/whatCWhat/becauseDWhy/thatBAB3.Heisabsentfromschool.Itis__heisseriouslyill.A.whyB.becauseC.thatD.thereason4___hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.AWhoBTheoneCAnyoneDWhoever5.Informationhasbeenputforward__moregraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.AthatBhowCwhereDwhatDA6---IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.---Isthat___youhadafewdaysoff?AwhyBwhenCwhatDwhere7---Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday’sgame?---Oh,that’s___.AwhatmakesmefeelexcitedBwhateverIfeelexcitedaboutChowIfeelaboutitDwhenIfeelexcitedAA.__fashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfromoneaspect.AWhatBThatCThisDWhich10.Whenyouanswerquestionsinajobinterview,pleaserememberthegoldenrule:

Alwaysgivethemonkeyexactly__hewants.AwhatBwhichCwhenDthat11.Wemadethesuggestionthathe___hiswork.AcontinuesBcontinueCcontinuedDhadcontinuedBAB12.Therewillbeaspecialpricefor____buysthingsinlargenumberhere.A.whoB.whomC.whoeverD.Whomever13.Marywroteanarticleon____theteamhadfailedtowinthegame.whyB.whatC.whoD.that(05)14.Thepooryoungmanisreadytoaccept__helphecanget.(05)

A.whicheverB.howeverC.whateverD.

whenever16.Shereceivedthemessage___hewouldcomebyplane.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.when17.Energyis___makesthingswork.A.whatB.somethingC.anythingD.that18.Ourcityhaschangedalot,andnowitisquitedifferentfrom__afewyearsago.A.whatitusedtobeB.thatitusedtobeC.whichitusedtobeD.whatwasit14.Manynewspaperprintedthegovernor’sstatement_____wouldsupportataxcut.andheB.wasthatheCwhichheDthathe15._____manmustfearwhentravelinginspaceisradiationfromthesun.WhichB.HowC.WhatD.That16.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild____heorshewants.A.HoweverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever

Pickuponenumberandfinishthetaskinit,thenyoucangetsomepoints.GameTime!1.Thesuggestion(that)shehasputforwardisverygood.

2.Thesuggestionthatwecleantheclassroombyturnsisverygood.