考點(diǎn)5理解作者的意圖、觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度

理解作者的意圖、觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度高考閱讀理解考點(diǎn)1：Jenny2018全國一卷題干中常有purpose或不定式intendtodo,inordertodo,todo。提問方式1文章寫作目的Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetet2017年全國Ⅱ卷Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellus2013年全國課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷Whatdoesthetetsuggestpeopledoabout…2018全國Ⅰ卷Whatistheention…inthefirstparagraph2016年全國Ⅱ卷2段落寫作目的一、理解作者的意圖1文章寫作目的議論文——說服讀者接受或贊同某一觀點(diǎn)，倡導(dǎo)某種做法等。（toprove/analye/show/argue說明文——介紹某一事物,某個(gè)節(jié)日或說明某種現(xiàn)象。tointroduce/e

記敘文——分享一段有趣的經(jīng)歷或故事，使讀者獲得樂趣；若是夾敘夾議的文章，則是表達(dá)作者的觀點(diǎn)、感悟或啟示，重點(diǎn)關(guān)注首尾段中的“議”。totellastory/toshareaneperience/toentertainreaders應(yīng)用文——推銷一種產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)，其目的是吸引更多顧客、游客、讀者觀眾等。toattractvisitors/tosellaote推銷文體推斷法解題方法Wesharedthebeliefthatifyou’refortunateenoughtohavesuccess,youshouldethingbac…IlastsawhimafewmonthsagoHe’dbeeninandoutofthehossBTorememberafriendCTointroduceanewmovieDTosharehisactingeperience［典型例題1］Ifirstmetanin1968,whenGeorgeRoyHill,thedirectorofButchCassidyandtheSundanceid,introducedusinNewYorCityWhenthestudiodidn’twantmeforthefilm—itwantedsomebodyaswellnownase…ThefriendshiaingthatfilmandTheStingfouryearslaterhaditsrootinthefactthat…關(guān)鍵詞1friendship記敘文2death文體推斷法關(guān)鍵詞什么體裁？［典型例題2］2016年全國Ⅲ卷·31Ifyouareafruitgrower—orwouldlietobecomeone—taeadvantageofAorelieAonthThedayitselfisonOctober21,butsinceithascaughton,eventsnowsostofOctoberaroundBritain

Whatistheauthor'soteappleresearch說明文文體推斷法什么體裁？2013年全國課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷·29Someestoshoes,clothesformychildren,andepensiveIwouldn'thesitatetospendonagoodhaircutIteepsitsshapelonger,andit'sthefirstthingpeoplenoticeAndIwillalsospendonaclassicpieceoffurnitureQualitylasts提出論點(diǎn)總結(jié)

WhatdoestheauthorwanttotellusAHowtoeoneywiselyDHowtomaeabusinessdeal議論文文體推斷法關(guān)鍵詞同義復(fù)現(xiàn)［典型例題3］什么體裁？主旨推斷法：各段的首尾句（主題句）2.段落寫作目的Tips：議論文、新聞報(bào)道、說明文等，其主題句多在文首。解題方法［典型例題4］2017年全國Ⅰ卷·23◆SumunityeventsalloverWashingtonStateIt'sanamaingaccomentandonewecannotachievewithoutgeneroussuindividuals,corporations,andothersocialorganiationsVisittofindvariouswaysyoucansupportPacificScienceCenter體現(xiàn)該段主旨寫作目的是希望得到各界人士和組織的支持關(guān)鍵詞WhatistheingeventsCTointroducespecialehibitsDTotellabouttheCenter'shistory主旨推斷法關(guān)鍵詞同義復(fù)現(xiàn)廣東卷“Haveyoueverbeenoutonaboatandfeltitliftedueoveryou”asedJamieTayloroftheWaveEnergyGrouaeelectricityMostwavesarecreatedwhenwindsblowacrosstheocean…ThewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningoftheieTaylor'simTips：寫作手法之目的開篇提問---讓讀者關(guān)注主題；講述相關(guān)之事---引述主題或提供背景；舉例、引語或數(shù)據(jù)---證明某一主題或觀點(diǎn)。［典型例題5］此類題目考查的是作者對某事物或某問題的看法。題干中常有thinof或opinion等，具體提問方式有：Whatdoestheauthorthinof…2018全國Ⅰ卷Whatistheauthor'sopinionon…2012年全國課標(biāo)卷

關(guān)鍵詞推斷法：表達(dá)情感狀況的形容詞或動(dòng)詞提問方式解題方法二、作者的觀點(diǎn)［典型例題6］2018年全國Ⅰ卷·32Wemaythinwe'reaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyandnew,butanewstudyshowsthatweeeent——andourwallets——astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethingsWhatdoestheauthorthinofnewdevicesATheyareenvironment-friendlyBTheyarenobetterthantheoldCTheycostmoretouseathomeDTheygooutofstylequicly關(guān)鍵詞推斷法關(guān)鍵詞推斷法積極類消極類中立類positivenegativeobjectiveoptimisticpessimisticneutralapprovingdisapprovingfavourablecriticalsupportivedoubtfulopposed提問方式Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowards…2017年全國Ⅲ卷解題方法三、作者的態(tài)度［典型例題7］2017年全國Ⅲ卷·31ThegovernmentsebacTheYellowstonewolfenttohelpbiologistsdecidewhethertoreintroducewolvestootherpartsofthecountryaswellWhatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheYellowstonewolfprojectADoubtful BPositiveCDisapproving DIndifferent關(guān)鍵詞推斷法積累態(tài)度類詞語：褒義istic樂觀的grateful感激的concerned關(guān)心的tolerant寬容的friendly友好的humorous幽默的curious好奇的cautious謹(jǐn)慎的respectful恭敬的negative否定的disaistc悲觀的depressed沮喪的disappointed失望的ironic諷刺的

積累態(tài)度類詞語：貶義積累態(tài)度類詞語：中性objective客觀的neutral中立的imbiguous模棱兩可的例1OnthefirstdayofmyvisittoTucson,wewentoutwithoneofmyfather'sfriendsforlunchatanoutdoorcaféWewaledalongthatafternoon,didsomeshoyson'sfunnyfacialeyfather'scritical挑剔的airandstrictrulesWhowasthisyfather,whoseemedsofriendlyandinterestingtobearoundWhathadheldhimbacbeforeWhatdoestheauthorthinofherfatherafterhervisittoTucsonAMorecriticalBMoretalativeCGentleandfriendlyDStrictandhard-woring

√例2：Well,IhadnothingagainstfeelinggreatandifAlecouldjogeveryday,anyonecouldSoItoouonthsofmylife,andnotadaymoreBasedonmyeostovervaluedformofeercisearoundAndjudgingfromthenumberofthey,I'mnotaloneinmyoustbepainful

√例3Itwasinatree,too,thatourdaysoffoolingaroundinthewoodscametoanendBythensomeofushadreachedseventhgradeandhadbeguntheroughrideofadolescence青春期InMarch,themonthwhenweusuallytootothewoodsagainafterwinter,twofriendsandIsetouttogoebedatree,andallofasuddenitoccurredtoallthreeofusatthesametimethatwereallywereratherbigtobeuemorableCBoringandmeaninglessDLongandunforgettable√例4“Slowing”food,byerstoreducetheimiles”anddevelo,”saidDavidissicandweneedtosuersandagriculturetoensurethateveryonehastherighttonutritiousfood”Whatis

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DSupportive√例5ingtechnologicaladvancementingWejusthavetopathetic√Thesofecessive過度的energyconsumatechangeandericanwriterThomasLFriedmanHefearstheworst,buthoany經(jīng)濟(jì)isachancetoeeericanstrength“Theabilitytodesign,buildandean’sattitudetowardsAmerica’sfutureAAmbiguousBDoubtfulCHopefulDTolerant（2017?新課標(biāo)全國卷II，C）Inventorshavebeentryingtomaeflyingcarssincethe1930s,accordingtoRobertMann,anairlineindustryeecloserthananyonetomaingtheflyingcararealityThegovernmenthasalreadyaterialstomaeiteasierforthevehicletoflyTheTransitionisnowgoingthroughcrashteststomaesureitmeetsfederalsafetystandards30Whatisthegovernment’sattitudetothedevelobiguousDDisapprovingThoughitsoundschallenging,finallymoneywilltalItisemodelsChangescouldbemadethathelesmorewell-being-emoreattractive35Whatdoestheauthorthinofwell-being-emodelsGoStoyheadwereconflicting“AreyousureyouwanttoheadtoGreecethisNovemberwithathleen”asedmyhusband“Theweathercouldbeunus