語(yǔ)法和知識(shí)點(diǎn)

高一英語(yǔ)重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1.表示現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣或經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),常與usually,always,sometimes,often,everyday/week/month/year等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。［例句］Heoftendoeshishomeworkinhisstudy.表示主語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在的特征、性格和狀態(tài)。［例句］Thedictionarybelongstome.表示客觀規(guī)律或科學(xué)真理、格言,以及其他不受時(shí)間限制的客觀存在。［例句］Themoongoesaroundthesun.4.在有連詞if,unless,before,assoonas,when,once,however等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間、條件和讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)。［例句］Ifyouworkhard,youwon'tfailintheexam.二、一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。［例句］Shewenttothezooyesterday.在時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。［例句］Hesaidwhenshecamehewouldtellher.三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在（說(shuō)話瞬間）正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。［例句］Heisreadinganewspapernow.表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作（說(shuō)話時(shí)動(dòng)作不一定正在進(jìn)行）。［例句］Whatareyoudoingthesedays?表示說(shuō)話人現(xiàn)在對(duì)主語(yǔ)的行為表示贊嘆或厭惡等，常與always,constantly,continually等副詞連用。［例句］Heisalwaysthinkingofothers.表示在最近按計(jì)劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。常限于go,come,leave,start,arrive等表“移動(dòng)”、“方向”的詞。［例句］Heiscomingtoseemenextweek.四、 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。［例句］HewassleepingwhenMarycametoseehim.動(dòng)詞go,come,leave,arrive,start等的過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)常表過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。［例句］ShesaidshewasgoingtoBeijingthedayaftertomorrow.五、 一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。［例句］Idon'tknowwhatwillhappeninthefuture.常用來(lái)表示將來(lái)時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)包括：（1）shall/will+動(dòng)詞原形：（單純）表將來(lái),一般不用于條件句。（2） begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形：（計(jì)劃）打算做 。（3） beaboutto+動(dòng)詞原形：即將或正要去做某事，通常不與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,但可與when引導(dǎo)的從句連用。（4） beto+動(dòng)詞原形：預(yù)定要做 。（5） bedoing表示按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,常與go,start,setout,leave,reach,arrive,return,come,move等表位移的動(dòng)詞連用。六、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1.表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。［例句］—Haveyouhadyoursupperyet?—Yes,Ihavejusthadit.2.常與介詞for,during,in,within,over等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,表示過(guò)去的某一行為一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。［例句］Ihaven'tseenmyEnglishteacherforalongtime.3.表示反復(fù)或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,常與severaltimes,once,twice,frequently等頻度副詞連用。［例句］IhavebeentotheUSAseveraltimes.表示從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有發(fā)生過(guò)的動(dòng)作。［例句］Ihaven'tsweptthefloorforaweek.用在時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,表示從句動(dòng)作先于主句動(dòng)作完成。［例句］I'lltellhimafteryouhaveleft.在“最高級(jí)+名詞”或在“這是第幾次?”之后跟定語(yǔ)從句，從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。［例句］①ThisisthethirdtimeIhavebeenthere.②ThisisthebestteaIhaveeverdrunk.七、過(guò)去完成時(shí)1.表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻以前已經(jīng)開(kāi)始并一直延續(xù)到這一時(shí)刻、或是在此刻前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。［例句］Bytheendoflastterm,wehadlearned1,000Englishwords.有些動(dòng)詞(如：hope,think,expect,mean,intend,suppose,want等)的過(guò)去完成時(shí)可表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、打算或意圖。［例句］IhadhopedtoseemoreofBeijing.?動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)注意的幾點(diǎn)瞬間性動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)常用來(lái)表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。例句：Thefilmbeginsinaminute.Myuncleisleavingtomorrowmorning.在時(shí)間、條件、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中,常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。例句：①EverytimeIlistentothatsong,I'llthinkofmyoldfriend.Ifyoudothat,Ishallbeverypleased.They'llstandbyyouevenifyoudon'tsucceed.一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別：一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)都表示過(guò)去所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)這一動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系，如對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響、結(jié)果等，所以它不能和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用；一般過(guò)去時(shí)只表示過(guò)去的事實(shí)，不表示和現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系,因而它可以和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：—Haveyoufinishedyourwork?—Yes,Ihave.—Whendidyoufinishit?—Ifinisheditlastsummer.?直接引語(yǔ)與間接引語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題：人稱(chēng)的變化時(shí)態(tài)的變化時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的變化地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)的變化例句：XiaoYisaid,“Iwanttogototheparkthisafternoon."—XiaoYisaid（that）hewantedtogototheparkthatafternoon.Bobsaid,“We'llhaveameetingheretomorrowmorning."—Bobsaid（that）theywouldhaveameetingtherethenextmorning.?定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞只能用that和不能用that的幾種情況：只能用that的情況先行詞是不定代詞。例句：Pleasetellmeeverythingthathappenedtoyou.先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞或only,last,same,very等修飾。例句： ①ThisisthemostinterestingmoviethatIhaveeverseen.②ThisistheonlybookthatIreadduringthesummerholiday.先行詞既包括人又包括物。例句：Shetalkedaboutthewriterandhisworksthatinterestedher.不能用that的情況非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中。例句：Hesaidhecouldspeakthreeforeignlanguages,whichisnottrue.先行詞本身是that。例句：Ihavethatwhichyougaveme.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。例句：ThepersontowhomItalkedjustnowisTom.?現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)進(jìn)行的比較：強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作還未結(jié)束時(shí),多用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)；強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果時(shí),多用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。例句：!havebeenpaintingthepaining.（強(qiáng)調(diào)“一直在畫(huà)”這個(gè)動(dòng)作）Ihavepaintedthepainting.（強(qiáng)調(diào)“畫(huà)完了”這個(gè)結(jié)果）有些動(dòng)詞不能用在現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)中，但可用在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中。如:have,love,see等。例句：Shehashadacoldforaweek.Theyhavelovedeachotherforthreeyears.！haveseenthismovie.-ing形式：havingdonehavingdone是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中-ing形式的完成式，而doing則是其一般式，它們都與句中主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，只是doing與句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生或基本上同時(shí)發(fā)生；havingdone則表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前。［例句］Hearingthenews,theygotexcited.（hear和getexcited這兩個(gè)動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生）Havingarrivedatthetopofmountain,theytookarest.（arrive發(fā)生在takearest之前）動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式和不定式有些動(dòng)詞后既可接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式也可接todo形式作賓語(yǔ)，但意義有所不同。［例如］

forget/remember/regretdoingsth.表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生；forget/remember/regrettodosth.則表示該動(dòng)作未發(fā)生。meantodosth.表示“打算做某事”meandoingsth.表示“意味著做某事”。trytodosth.表示“設(shè)法盡力做某事”；trydoingsth.表示“試著做某事”。stoptodosth.表示“停下來(lái)接著做另一件事”；stopdoingsth.表示“停止做某事”。goontodosth.表示“（做完某事）接著做另一件事”；goondoingsth.表示“繼續(xù)做同一件事”（=goonwithsth.）。can'thelptodosth.表示“不能幫助做某事”；can'thelpdoingsth.表示“情不自禁地做某事”。3.have/hasbeendoinghave/hasbeendoing是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的延續(xù)過(guò)程，動(dòng)作可能還在進(jìn)行。而have/hasdone是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果，該動(dòng)作通常已經(jīng)結(jié)束。［例句］Q［havewrittenabook.（動(dòng)作結(jié)束）②Ihavebeenwritingabook.（可能未寫(xiě)完，側(cè)重最近一直忙于寫(xiě)書(shū)）一、單項(xiàng)填空TheheadmastercalledTomtohisofficebecausehehadbeen intheexam.A.caughtcheating B.caughttocheatC.catchingcheating D.catchingtocheatThetimehe forthetripisnotsuitable anyofus.A.made;to B.fixed;for C.gave;with D.fixed;to—Whatdoyouthinkofwhathedidinclass?一Whyhediditwas myimagination.A.beyond B.through C.above D.overMywatchisnowheretobefound.I itwhenIwasonthebus.A.mustdrop B.can'thavedroppedC.havedropped D.musthavedropped一MayIspeaktoyourmanagerMr.Williamsatfiveo'clocktonight?—I'msorry.Mr.Williams toapartylongbeforethen.A.willhavegone B.hadgoneC.shouldhavegone D.hasgone26.FortypercentofthepopulationoftheU.S black.D.haveD.IfD.haveD.Ifoflittlechildren.D.distance theparty,wewouldneverhavetoday'shappiness.A.Butfor B.Onlyif C.IfonlyDon'tleavematchesorcigarettesonthetablewithin A.hand B.reach C.spaceHeaccidentally hehadquarreledwithhiswifeandthathehadn'tbeenhomeforacoupleofweeks.A.letoutB.tookcareC.madesureD.madeoutcoupleofweeks.A.letoutB.tookcareC.madesureD.madeout—Goforapicnicthisweekend,OK?—— ,Ilovegettingclosetonature.A.Icouldn'tagreemoreB.I'mafraidnotC.Ibelievenot D.Idon'tthinksoOn newstoday,therewere reportsofheavysnowinthatarea.A.the;the B.the；不填 C.不填；不填D.不填；theItwasapitythatthegreatwriterdied hisworksunfinished.A.for B.with C.from D.ofThefinalexaminationiscomingupsoon.It'stimeforusto ourstudies.A.getdownto B.getout C.getbackfor D.getoverHavingbeenattackedbyterrorists, .A.doctorscametotheirrescuer B.thetallbuildingcollapsedC.anemergencymeasureswastaken D.warningsweregiventotouristsTheflowers sweetinthegardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.A.tosmell B.smelling C.smelt D.smell試題答案1—5ABADA6—10BABAA11—15BBABB英語(yǔ)必修1、2知識(shí)要點(diǎn)提綱1attitudeto/toward（s）3.beinfluentin1attitudeto/toward（s）3.beinfluentin4.cover的用法5．Nothinglike/somethinglike7.by/of/for/in/tooneself9.bywayof=via11.倍數(shù)表達(dá)法impresssbwith/on/uponsthmakeleaveanimpressiononroduce的用法8.fun/funny10.inotherwords,inaword=inshort=inbrief12.lookforwardtonotabit=notatall,notalittle=verymuchbenervousabout（notabit=notatall,notalittle=verymuchbenervousabout（緊張）/of（害怕）bepatientwith/havepatiencewithbestrictwithsb/insthbecause/as/since/for22.dare的用法abandon/desert26.scenery/view/scene/sight28.上車(chē)和下車(chē)的表達(dá)starve的用法contactandcontractdevidesthbetween（三者以上among）devidefrombeseriousaboutadmitsbinto/to允許進(jìn)入gress23.distance的用法anexpertat/in/on.,beexpertat/in.27.referto的各種意思29.Do/Wouldyoumind.?以及回答survivefrom/onso/asfarasIknow據(jù)我所知agreatmany/anumberof/aquantitysupplyof/aseriesof/seriesof35.ltagreatmany/anumberof/aquantitysupplyof/aseriesof/seriesof35.lt開(kāi)頭的與時(shí)間有關(guān)的句型reasonfor/causeof39.add的用法bewellknown-bebetterknownof/agreatdealof/alotof/alargeamountof/a36.place,time，way的介詞in的省略draw/reach/leadto/cometo/getto/arriveataconclusion40.order的用法contain/includeconcentrateon 44.consistof/in/with45.beknownfor/as/by/to 46.compareto/with47.agreewith/to/on 48.fit/suit/meet/satisfy/match49.go/beonadiet 50.beconnectedwith/berelatedto51.beanxiousfor/about,beeagerfor/about,beanxious/eagertodo,beanxiousthat(should)52.sure的用法53.though和as的倒裝句54.becrazyabour/likecrazy/gocrazy/drivesbmad55.lie的用法56.pick/pickup/pickout58.nomorethan/notmoreth