ANSI B92.1-1970(R1993) SAE美國漸開線花鍵-中文翻譯完整版0429

./翻譯：朱曉峰節(jié)選至《美國機械工程師手冊》第28版,有錯之處,請指正。SPLINESANDSERRATIONSAsplinedshaftisonehavingaseriesofparallelkeysformedintegrallywiththeshaftandmatingwithcorrespondinggroovescutinahuborfitting;thisarrangementisincontrasttoashafthavingaseriesofkeysorfeathersfittedintoslotscutintotheshaft.Thelatterconstructionweakenstheshafttoaconsiderabledegreebecauseoftheslotscutintoitandconsequently,reducesitstorque-transmittingcapacity.花鍵軸是一種具有"一系列相互平行的齒、并且齒與軸整體成型"的軸,它與在輪轂上或者裝配體上開的鍵槽相配合。這種裝置與"在軸上開槽并且與一組銷子或者楔鍵相配合"的結(jié)構(gòu)相反。后者的結(jié)構(gòu)由于在軸上開槽大大降低了軸〔的強度,降低了傳遞扭矩的能力。Splinedshaftsaremostgenerallyusedinthreetypesofapplications:1>forcouplingshaftswhenrelativelyheavytorquesaretobetransmittedwithoutslippage;2>fortransmittingpowertoslidably-mountedorpermanently-fixedgears,pulleys,andotherrotatingmembers;and3>forattachingpartsthatmayrequireremovalforindexingorchangeinangularposition.花鍵軸主要用在以下三種情況：1需要在無滑動的聯(lián)軸器上傳遞大的扭矩；2用于向"可滑動的裝配組件"或者"固定裝配的齒輪組或滑輪副"傳遞動力,3用于"要求指定滑移量或轉(zhuǎn)角位置"的配件上。譯注A1："slidably-mounted"例如球籠式等速萬向節(jié),萬向節(jié)同時能轉(zhuǎn)動一定角度；"ermanently-fixedgears"例如齒輪變速箱?！卜彩菐?譯注"的,表示譯者的理解,下同Splineshavingstraight-sidedteethhavebeenusedinmanyapplications<seeSAEParallelSideSplinesforSoftBroachedHolesinFittings>;however,theuseofsplineswithteethofinvoluteprofilehassteadilyincreasedsince1>involutesplinecouplingshavegreatertorque-transmittingcapacitythananyothertype;2>theycanbeproducedbythesametechniquesandequipmentasisusedtocutgears;and3>theyhaveaself-centeringactionunderloadevenwhenthereisbacklashbetweenmatingmembers.具有"直邊式齒形"的花鍵已經(jīng)適用于多種場合〔請查看"用于軟拉削加工成型的直邊式花鍵"；然而,"齒側(cè)具有漸開線形狀的花鍵"的使用正在逐步的增長,原因如下：1漸開線花鍵傳遞扭矩的性能超過其他形式；2可用加工齒輪的技術(shù)或設(shè)備來加工；3在齒和外齒配合情況下產(chǎn)生的反作用力具有自定心功能。譯注A2："ParallelSideSplines"指的是矩形花鍵,文中翻譯成"直邊式花鍵",見《GB/T1144矩形花鍵尺寸、公差和檢驗》；譯注A3："SAEParallelSideSplinesforSoftBroachedHolesinFittings"指SAEJ499A,一種類似GB/T1144的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。InvoluteSplinesAmericanNationalStandardInvoluteSplines*.—Thesesplinesormultiplekeysaresimilarinformtointernalandexternalinvolutegears.Thegeneralpracticeistoformtheexternalsplineseitherbyhobbing,rolling,oronagearshaper,andinternalsplineseitherbybroachingoronagearshaper.Theinternalsplineisheldtobasicdimensionsandtheexternalsplineisvariedtocontrolthefit.Involutesplineshavemaximumstrengthatthebase,canbeaccuratelyspacedandareself-centering,thusequalizingthebearingandstresses,andtheycanbemeasuredandfittedaccurately.美國漸開線標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：這種花鍵的成型和齒輪的外花鍵類似。通常的成型加工方法是外花鍵用滾銑刀、搓齒或插齒刀,花鍵用拉削、齒輪插齒刀?；ㄦI的尺寸是固定的,外花鍵根據(jù)不同的配合采用不同的尺寸。漸開線花鍵在近跟處有最大的強度,〔鍵齒能精確分布和自定心,這樣就有相同的支撐力和應(yīng)力,同時能準(zhǔn)確地配合和測量。譯注A4：花鍵尺寸不變,外花鍵變,原理等同于基孔制。InAmericanNationalStandardANSIB92.1-1970<R1993>,manyfeaturesofthe1960standardareretained;plustheadditionofthreetoleranceclasses,foratotaloffour.Theterm"involuteserration,"formerlyappliedtoinvolutesplineswith45-degreepressureangle,hasbeendeletedandthestandardnowincludesinvolutesplineswith30-,37.5-,and45-degreepressureangles.Tablesforthesesplineshavebeenrearrangedaccordingly.Theterm"serration"willnolongerapplytosplinescoveredbythisStandard.在美國漸開線標(biāo)準(zhǔn)ANSIB92.1-1970<R1993>中,保留了許多1960版本的特征；增加了三種公差等級,現(xiàn)一共有四種公差等級。前版中45度壓力角使用的術(shù)語"漸開線鋸齒involuteserration",本版本已經(jīng)刪除?，F(xiàn)在版本包含了30度、37.5度和40度壓力角的漸開線花鍵。相對應(yīng)的表格也做了更新。術(shù)語"involuteserration"不再適用本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。TheStandardhasonlyonefitclassforallsidefitsplines;theformerClass2fit.Class1fithasbeendeletedbecauseofitsinfrequentuse.Themajordiameteroftheflatrootsidefitsplinehasbeenchangedandatoleranceappliedtoincludetherangeofthe1950andthe1960standards.Theinterchangeabilitylimitationswithsplinesmadetopreviousstandardsaregivenlaterinthesectionentitled"Interchangeability."本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中只有一種齒側(cè)配合情況:第二種情況。在舊標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中的第一種情況由于不太使用已經(jīng)被刪除。平齒根齒側(cè)配合中的大徑已經(jīng)有所變化,并且應(yīng)用了包含1950和1960版本圍的公差。舊版本的花鍵術(shù)語"interchangeabilitylimitations"已經(jīng)被新版本的"Interchangeability"代替。譯注A5：舊版中的配合第一種情況是"較松配合",第二種情況是"較緊配合"。參數(shù)是Cvmin,較松配合的Cvmin的值見舊版,這里不討論,較緊配合的Cvmin=0。原來"最大實際弧齒槽寬"的計算公式為：Smax=Smin+Cvmin+m+λ〔具體參數(shù)意思看后面章節(jié),刪除第一種情況后Smax=Smin+m+λ。Therehavebeennotolerancenorfitchangestothemajordiameterfitsection外徑配合部分,〔與舊版相比公差和配合情況沒有改變。TheStandardrecognizesthefactthatproperassemblybetweenmatingsplinesisdependentonlyonthesplinebeingwithineffectivespecificationsfromthetipofthetoothtotheformdiameter.Therefore,onsidefitsplines,theinternalsplinemajordiameternowisshownasamaximumdimensionandtheexternalsplineminordiameterisshownasaminimumdimension.Theminimuminternalmajordiameterandthemaximumexternalminordiametermustclearthespecifiedformdiameterandthusdonotneedanyadditionalcontrol.本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)認為影響花鍵合理裝配的作用區(qū)域是從齒頂〔外花鍵大圓或花鍵小圓到"漸開線構(gòu)成圓"之間的那段圍,因此在齒側(cè)配合情況下,花鍵大徑以"最大尺寸值"出現(xiàn),外花鍵小徑以"最小尺寸值"出現(xiàn)。"花鍵大徑的最小值"應(yīng)大于"漸開線構(gòu)成圓"的直徑,"外花鍵小徑的最大值"應(yīng)小于"漸開線構(gòu)成圓"的直徑〔見后面"FormCircle"的定義。此外,沒必要指定額外的控制條件〔見"譯注B7"。Thesplinespecificationtablesnowincludeagreaternumberoftolerancelevelselections.Thesetoleranceclasseswereaddedforgreaterselectiontosuitendproductneeds.Theselectionsdifferonlyinthetoleranceasappliedtospacewidthandtooththickness.花鍵的規(guī)格表中,提供了多種公差水平的選擇,以適應(yīng)最終裝配需求。選擇不同的公差在"弧齒槽寬"和"弧齒厚"中應(yīng)用。*SeeAmericanNationalStandardANSIB92.2M-1980<R1989>,MetricModuleInvoluteSplines;alsoseepage2177.見美國國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)ANSIB92.2M-1980<R1989>公制模數(shù)漸開線花鍵,可也參見〔原版的第2177頁。譯注A6：漸開線花鍵〔也包括漸開線齒輪所定義的"齒寬"、"齒厚",都是指弧度方向上的長度。ThetoleranceclassusedinASAB5.15-1960isthebasisandisnowdesignatedastoleranceClass5.Thenewtoleranceclassesarebasedonthefollowingformulas:在ASAB5.15-1960中使用的基本公差,已經(jīng)被本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中公差等級5代替,各關(guān)系見下表：ToleranceClass4〔公差等級4=ToleranceClass5〔公差等級5×0.71ToleranceClass6〔公差等級6=ToleranceClass5〔公差等級5×1.40ToleranceClass7〔公差等級7=ToleranceClass5〔公差等級5×2.00Alldimensionslistedinthisstandardareforthefinishedpart.Therefore,anycompensationthatmustbemadeforoperationsthattakeplaceduringprocessing,suchasheattreatment,mustbetakenintoaccountwhenselectingthetolerancelevelformanufacturing.本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)羅列的所有尺寸為最終成品尺寸。因此,在加工過程中必須考慮修正系數(shù),慎重選擇加工的公差等級。Thestandardhasthesameinternalminimumeffectivespacewidthandexternalmaximumeffectivetooththicknessforalltoleranceclassesandhastwotypesoffit.Fortoothsidefits,theminimumeffectivespacewidthandthemaximumeffectivetooththicknessareofequalvalue.Thisbasicconceptmakesitpossibletohaveinterchangeableassemblybetweenmatingsplineswheretheyaremadetothisstandardregardlessofthetoleranceclassoftheindividualmembers.Atoleranceclass"mix"ofmatingmembersisthusallowed,whichoftenisanadvantagewhereonememberisconsiderablylessdifficulttoproducethanitsmate,andthe"average"toleranceappliedtothetwounitsissuchthatitsatisfiesthedesignneed.Forinstance,assigningaClass5tolerancetoonememberandClass7toitsmatewillprovideanassemblytoleranceintheClass6range.Themaximumeffectivetooththicknessislessthantheminimumeffectivespacewidthformajordiameterfitstoallowforeccentricityvariations.本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中,所有公差等級的"花鍵最小作用弧齒槽寬"和"外花鍵最大作用弧齒厚"的值是相同的,并且有兩種配合類型。齒側(cè)配合類,"花鍵最小作用弧齒槽寬"和"外花鍵最大作用弧齒厚"的值相等。這一理念使得根據(jù)本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制造的各種公差等級的單個花鍵能夠互配。一個"混合"公差等級的配合是允許的,這樣的優(yōu)點是在于,一個配合零件的制造難度更小于與它相配的另一個零件。并且,"平均"的公差,也是設(shè)計需要。例如,將一個5級和7級公差的零件配合,可以得到一個圍為6級公差的配合。外徑配合類,"外花鍵最大作用弧齒厚"比"花鍵最小作用弧齒槽寬"要小,這種配合適用〔裝配后的偏心情況。譯注A7："兩種配合類型"指的是"齒側(cè)配合"和"外徑配合"?！惨灿械膮⒖挤g成"齒形定心"和"大徑定心"Intheeventthefitasprovidedinthisstandarddoesnotsatisfyaparticulardesignneedandaspecificamountofeffectiveclearanceorpressfitisdesired,thechangeshouldbemadeonlytotheexternalsplinebyareductionoranincreaseineffectivetooththicknessandalikechangeinactualtooththickness.Theminimumeffectivespacewidth,inthisstandard,isalwaysbasic.Thebasicminimumeffectivespacewidthshouldalwaysberetainedwhenspecialdesignsarederivedfromtheconceptofthisstandard.如果本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定的配合不能滿足特殊的作用側(cè)隙或壓力配合的設(shè)計需要,設(shè)計更改應(yīng)只改變〔減少或增加"外花鍵的作用弧齒厚"或"實際弧齒厚"。本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的理念就是"花鍵最小作用弧齒槽寬"是基本值〔不變的。TermsAppliedtoInvoluteSplines.—Thefollowingdefinitionsofinvolutesplineterms,herelistedinalphabeticalorder,aregivenintheAmericanNationalStandard.SomeofthesetermsareillustratedinthediagraminTable6.漸開線花鍵術(shù)語—下列美國國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中規(guī)定的漸開線花鍵術(shù)語按字母順序排列,部分術(shù)語可參見表6中的圖形。ActiveSplineLength<La>isthelengthofsplinethatcontactsthematingspline.Onslidingsplines,itexceedsthelengthofengagement.有效花鍵長度：花鍵配合部分的長度?；瑒忧闆r下,這個長度長于配合的部分。ActualSpaceWidth<s>isthecircularwidthonthepitchcircleofanysinglespaceconsideringaninfinitelythinincrementofaxialsplinelength.實際弧齒槽寬：在花鍵節(jié)圓〔分度圓上,各齒槽間的弧長度。譯注B1："infinitelythinincrement"表示將圓弧進行無限的分割〔使之成為直線,微積分概念。ActualToothThickness<t>isthecircularthicknessonthepitchcircleofanysingletoothconsideringaninfinitelythinincrementofaxialsplinelength.實際弧齒厚：在外花鍵節(jié)圓〔分度圓上,各齒上的弧長度。AlignmentVariationisthevariationoftheeffectivesplineaxiswithrespecttothereferenceaxis<seeFig.1c>.同心度偏差：實際花鍵軸心和參考軸心之間的偏差?！惨妶D1c譯注B2：本譯文中的"Variation"翻譯為"偏差","Tolerance"翻譯為"公差"。因為按照字面理解,"Variation"指的是實際與理論的相差狀態(tài),"Tolerance"指的是相差的具體數(shù)值和圍。BaseCircleisthecirclefromwhichinvolutesplinetoothprofilesareconstructed.基圓：漸開線齒形開始形成處的假象圓。BaseDiameter<Db>isthediameterofthebasecircle.基圓直徑：基圓所在處的直徑。BasicSpaceWidthisthebasicspacewidthfor30-degreepressureanglesplines;halfthecircularpitch.Thebasicspacewidthfor37.5-and45-degreepressureanglesplines,however,isgreaterthanhalfthecircularpitch.Theteethareproportionedsothattheexternaltooth,atitsbase,hasaboutthesamethicknessastheinternaltoothattheformdiameter.Thisproportioningresultsingreaterminordiametersthanthoseofcomparableinvolutesplinesof30-degreepressureangle.基本弧齒槽寬：壓力角30度下,為周節(jié)的一半。壓力角37.5度和45度下,要大于周節(jié)的一半。這樣,在基圓處的外花鍵弧齒厚和在"花鍵漸開線構(gòu)成圓的弧齒厚"是相等的。這種比例引起了"壓力角37.5度和45度的小徑"要大于"壓力角30度"的小徑。CircularPitch<p>isthedistancealongthepitchcirclebetweencorrespondingpointsofadjacentsplineteeth.周節(jié)：節(jié)圓〔分度圓上相鄰?fù)瑐?cè)齒形之間的弧長。DepthofEngagementistheradialdistancefromtheminorcircleoftheinternalsplinetothemajorcircleoftheexternalspline,minuscornerclearanceand/orchamferdepth.嚙合深度：從花鍵小徑到外花鍵大徑之間的,并減去"conrnerclearance拐角裕度"和〔或倒角的徑向距離。譯注B3：conrnerclearance,見圖2.DiametralPitch<P>isthenumberofsplineteethperinchofpitchdiameter.Thediametralpitchdeterminesthecircularpitchandthebasicspacewidthortooththickness.Incon-junctionwiththenumberofteeth,italsodeterminesthepitchdiameter.<SeealsoPitch.>徑節(jié)：在節(jié)圓上,每英寸的花鍵齒數(shù)。他決定了周節(jié)和基本弧齒槽寬或弧齒厚。它和齒數(shù)共同確定了節(jié)圓直徑。EffectiveClearance<cv>istheeffectivespacewidthoftheinternalsplineminustheeffectivetooththicknessofthematingexternalspline.作用側(cè)隙：花鍵作用弧齒槽寬減去與之相配的花鍵作用弧齒厚。〔正值為間隙,負值為過盈EffectiveSpaceWidth<Sv>ofaninternalsplineisequaltothecirculartooththicknessonthepitchcircleofanimaginaryperfectexternalsplinethatwouldfittheinternalsplinewithoutloosenessorinterferenceconsideringengagementoftheentireaxiallengthofthespline.Theminimumeffectivespacewidthoftheinternalsplineisalwaysbasic,asshowninTable3.Fitvariationsmaybeobtainedbyadjustingthetooththicknessoftheexternalspline.作用弧齒槽寬<Sv>：數(shù)值等于一與之在全齒長上配合〔無間隙且無過盈的"理想全齒外花鍵節(jié)圓弧齒厚"的弧齒槽寬。"花鍵最小作用弧齒槽寬"是基本值,其值在表3中列出。用改變外花鍵的弧齒厚來獲得各種不同的配合。譯注B4：EffectiveSpaceWidth<Sv>,國標(biāo)《GB/T3478.1-2008圓柱直齒漸開線花鍵》〔以下簡稱《GB3478.1》中的縮寫為Ev。ThreeTypesofInvoluteSplineVariations三種漸開線花鍵偏差CenterLinesofTeeth齒中心線ReferenceAxis8參考軸圖1a.LeadVariation〔齒向偏差CenterLinesofTeeth齒中心線ReferenceAxis參考軸圖1b.ParallelismVariation〔平行度偏差EffectiveSplineAxis齒中心線ReferenceAxis參考軸圖1c.AlignmentVariation〔同軸度偏差EffectiveToothThickness<tv>ofanexternalsplineisequaltothecircularspacewidthonthepitchcircleofanimaginaryperfectinternalsplinethatwouldfittheexternalsplinewithoutloosenessorinterference,consideringengagementoftheentireaxiallengthofthespline.作用弧齒厚<tv>：數(shù)值等于一與之在全齒長上配合〔無間隙且無過盈的"理想全齒外花鍵節(jié)圓弧齒厚"的弧齒槽寬。譯注B5：EffectiveToothThickness<tv>,國標(biāo)《GB3478.1》中的縮寫為Sv。EffectiveVariationistheaccumulatedeffectofthesplinevariationsonthefitwiththematingpart.作用偏差：配合漸開線花鍵上的各種偏差的累積。ExternalSplineisasplineformedontheoutersurfaceofacylinder.外花鍵：在圓柱外表面形成的花鍵。Filletistheconcaveportionofthetoothprofilethatjoinsthesidestothebottomofthespace.齒根圓?。郝?lián)結(jié)齒形處和底部〔小圓的凹處部分。FilletRootSplinesarethoseinwhichasinglefilletinthegeneralformofanarcjoinsthesidesofadjacentteeth.圓齒根花鍵：兩側(cè)漸開線齒形由一段或近似一段過渡曲線與底部〔小圓相連的花鍵。FlatRootSplinesarethoseinwhichfilletsjointhearcsofmajororminorcirclestothetoothsides.平齒根花鍵：兩側(cè)漸開線齒形各由一段過渡曲線與齒根圓相連接的花鍵。FormCircleisthecirclewhichdefinesthedeepestpointsofinvoluteformcontrolofthetoothprofile.Thiscirclealongwiththetoothtipcircle<orstartofchamfercircle>determinesthelimitsoftoothprofilerequiringcontrol.Itislocatednearthemajorcircleontheinternalsplineandneartheminorcircleontheexternalspline.漸開線構(gòu)成圓：漸開線構(gòu)成圓是用于控制齒廓上漸開線的極限距離的圓。漸開線構(gòu)成圓與齒頂圓〔或者倒角線的起點所在的圓共同構(gòu)成了"所要求的漸開線齒廓"的圍。漸開線構(gòu)成圓的位置靠近花鍵的大圓〔齒根圓或者外花鍵的小圓〔齒根圓。譯注B6：在《GB/T3478.1-2008》中,將FormCycle定義為兩個圓：鍵的漸開線終止圓〔花鍵用和漸開線起始圓〔外花鍵用。而在本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中,將這兩個圓統(tǒng)稱為FormCycle,譯者將FormCycle翻譯為漸開線構(gòu)成圓?！策@個圓與另外一個圓,構(gòu)成了漸開線使用的圍。具體看《GB3478.1》中,表1序號17-20和圖1漸開線花鍵聯(lián)結(jié)。譯注B7：定義FormCircle〔漸開線構(gòu)成圓的原因是：在漸開線構(gòu)成圓與齒頂圓〔或者倒角線的起點所在的圓之間的花鍵的齒形必須為漸開線齒形,其余部分不一定按照漸開線成形。譯注B8：句中chamfer,并不是指真正的倒角,而是一種平滑的過渡線?！矟u開線和大徑或小徑的過渡線譯注B9：這個圍是一個直徑的圍。也就是從直徑A開始到直徑B為止,這中間的齒廓必須為漸開線。FormClearance<cF>istheradialdepthofinvoluteprofilebeyondthedepthofengagementwiththematingpart.Itallowsforloosenessbetweenmatingsplinesandforeccentricitiesbetweentheminorcircle<internal>,themajorcircle<external>,andtheirrespectivepitchcircles.齒形裕度：齒形裕度<cF>是相互配合的、外花鍵的漸開線齒廓超過結(jié)合部分的徑向距離?！捕x齒形裕度的原因是它允許相互配合的、外花鍵之間存在一定間隙,而且小徑〔花鍵、大圓〔外花鍵、以及、外花鍵各自的節(jié)圓之間存在一定的偏心距。譯注B10：關(guān)于cF請看《GB3478.1》中,圖1漸開線花鍵聯(lián)結(jié)cF,或者本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)表6,圖中cF。FormDiameter<DFe,DFi>thediameteroftheformcircle.漸開線構(gòu)成圓直徑〔DFe,DFi：漸開線構(gòu)成圓所在圓的直徑?！惨娮g注B4和表6中的圖InternalSplineisasplineformedontheinnersurfaceofacylinder.花鍵：在圓柱體的孔的表面形成的花鍵。InvoluteSplineisonehavingteethwithinvoluteprofiles.漸開線花鍵：花鍵的齒形為漸開線形式的花鍵。LeadVariationisthevariationofthedirectionofthesplinetoothfromitsintendeddirectionparalleltothereferenceaxis,alsoincludingparallelismandalignmentvariations<seeFig.1a>.Note:Straight<nonhelical>splineshaveaninfinitelead.齒向偏差：花鍵的鍵齒的實際齒線與花鍵的參考軸線之間的平行度偏差的最大絕對值。它包括平行度偏差〔見圖1b和同軸度偏差〔見圖1a。注意：直齒花鍵〔非螺旋花鍵的齒向偏差為無限長。譯注B11：在《ISO4156Straightcylindricalinvolutesplines—Metricmodule,sidefit》中,"Leadvariation"定義為"Helixdeviation"。國標(biāo)《GB3478.1》定義為"齒向公差"。本人認為《ISO4156》中的定義和圖形更詳細和易于理解。根據(jù)《ISO4156》中定義,"Formdeviation"<綜合形狀偏差>,包括了三種：Profiledeviation、Indexdeviation和helixdeviation。"Formdeviation"的值即為《GB3478.1》中的"Deviationallowance〔λ"。λ=〔TotalProfiledeviation+TotalIndexdeviation+TotalhelixdeviationLengthofEngagement<Lq>istheaxiallengthofcontactbetweenmatingsplines.配合長度〔Lq：配合長度是配合花鍵接觸段軸向的長度。MachiningTolerance<m>isthepermissiblevariationinactualspacewidthoractualtooththickness.加工公差〔m：加工公差是花鍵的實際弧齒槽寬和實際弧齒厚的允許的變動量。譯注B12：在《GB3478.1》中,加工公差代號為T。MajorCircleisthecircleformedbytheoutermostsurfaceofthespline.Itistheoutsidecircle<toothtipcircle>oftheexternalsplineortherootcircleoftheinternalspline.大圓：大圓是花鍵的最大齒形面的形成的圓。它是外花鍵的外圓〔齒頂圓,和花鍵的齒根圓。MajorDiameter<Do,Dri>isthediameterofthemajorcircle.大徑：大圓直徑〔Do,Dri是大圓所在圓的直徑。MinorCircleisthecircleformedbytheinnermostsurfaceofthespline.Itistherootcircleoftheexternalsplineortheinsidecircle<toothtipcircle>oftheinternalspline.小圓：小圓是花鍵的最小齒形面的形成的圓。它是外花鍵的齒根圓,和花鍵的圓〔齒頂圓。MinorDiameter<Dre,Di>isthediameteroftheminorcircle.小圓直徑：小圓直徑〔Dre,Di是小圓所在圓的直徑。NominalClearanceistheactualspacewidthofaninternalsplineminustheactualtooththicknessofthematingexternalspline.Itdoesnotdefinethefitbetweenmatingmembers,becauseoftheeffectofvariations.理論側(cè)隙：理論側(cè)隙是"花鍵的實際弧齒槽寬"減去與之相互配合的"外花鍵的實際弧齒厚"所得的值。由于〔、外花鍵的各種實際偏差,理論側(cè)隙不能用于確定花鍵的配合情況。OutofRoundnessisthevariationofthesplinefromatruecircularconfiguration.圓度：圓度是花鍵與理論圓的輪廓之間的偏差。ParallelismVariationisthevariationofparallelismofasinglesplinetoothwithrespecttoanyothersinglesplinetooth<seeFig.1b>.平行度偏差：平行度偏差是單根鍵齒相對其它的單根鍵齒之間的平行偏差?！惨妶D1bPitch<P/Ps>isacombinationnumberofaone-to-tworatioindicatingthesplineproportions;theupperorfirstnumberisthediametralpitch,thelowerorsecondnumberisthestubpitchanddenotes,asthatfractionalpartofaninch,thebasicradiallengthofengagement,bothaboveandbelowthepitchcircle.徑節(jié)〔分數(shù)制〔P/Ps：徑節(jié)〔分數(shù)制是一個1比2組合分數(shù),用于表示花鍵的比率。分數(shù)中第一個數(shù)〔分子表示的是花鍵的節(jié)圓徑節(jié),第二個數(shù)〔分母表示的是齒根徑節(jié),其中的分數(shù)用英寸表示,節(jié)圓徑節(jié)表示的是在節(jié)圓上方的鍵齒在半徑方向上的配合長度,齒根徑節(jié)表示的是在節(jié)圓下方的鍵齒在半徑方向上的配合長度。譯注B13：可以理解為節(jié)圓將整個花鍵鍵齒一分為二,節(jié)圓上方的鍵齒的齒高為徑節(jié),節(jié)圓下方的鍵齒的齒高為齒根徑節(jié)。在實際計算時要考慮到漸開線終止圓與修緣線所在圓對鍵齒有效結(jié)合齒高的影響,并將其扣除。PitchCircleisthereferencecirclefromwhichalltransversesplinetoothdimensionsareconstructed.節(jié)圓：節(jié)圓是一個參考圓,花鍵的所有橫向尺寸都是以節(jié)圓為基礎(chǔ)開始計算的。譯注B14：米制叫分度圓。PitchDiameter<D>isthediameterofthepitchcircle節(jié)圓直徑〔D：節(jié)圓直徑是節(jié)圓所在圓的直徑。.PitchPointistheintersectionofthesplinetoothprofilewiththepitchcircle.節(jié)點：節(jié)點是鍵齒的齒廓與節(jié)圓的交點。PressureAngle<Φ>istheanglebetweenalinetangenttoaninvoluteandaradiallinethroughthepointoftangency.Unlessotherwisespecified,itisthestandardpressureangle.壓力角〔Φ：壓力角是花鍵的漸開線齒廓的切線與通過切點的半徑所組成的夾角。除非有特殊說明,壓力角通常是指標(biāo)準(zhǔn)壓力角。ProfileVariationisanyvariationfromthespecifiedtoothprofilenormaltotheflank.齒形偏差：垂直于側(cè)面的、指定的齒廓〔與理論齒廓的所有公差。譯注B15：見《GB3478.1-2008》表1中的"齒形公差"定義,本人認為國標(biāo)從輪廓度檢測方面加以解釋,應(yīng)更合理。Splineisamachineelementconsistingofintegralkeys<splineteeth>orkeyways<spaces>equallyspacedaroundacircleorportionthereof.花鍵：是一種機械零件,它由凸出的齒〔花鍵齒或凹下的溝〔槽組成,鍵齒和鍵槽等分一個完整的圓或圓上部分。Standard<Main>PressureAngle<ΦD>isthepressureangleatthespecifiedpitchdiameter.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)壓力角〔ΦD〔主壓力角：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)壓力角是指特定在節(jié)圓上的壓力角。StubPitch<Ps>isanumberusedtodenotetheradialdistancefromthepitchcircletothemajorcircleoftheexternalsplineandfromthepitchcircletotheminorcircleoftheinternalspline.Thestubpitchforsplinesinthisstandardistwicethediametralpitch.齒根徑節(jié)〔Ps：齒根徑節(jié)是一個數(shù),它用于表示節(jié)圓與外花鍵的大圓或花鍵的小圓之間的半徑差。在本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中,花鍵的齒根徑節(jié)是徑節(jié)的2倍。TotalIndexVariationisthegreatestdifferenceinanytwoteeth<adjacentorotherwise>betweentheactualandtheperfectspacingofthetoothprofiles.齒距累計偏差：任意兩個齒〔相鄰齒或其他情況的實際齒廓與理論值之差的最大值。TotalTolerance<m+λ>isthemachiningtoleranceplusthevariationallowance.總公差〔m+λ：總公差是加工公差與綜合公差之和。譯注B16：在《GB3478.1》將總公差定義為：T+λ。VariationAllowance<λ>isthepermissibleeffectivevariation.綜合公差〔λ：作用偏差<effectivevariation>的公差值允許圍。ToothProportions.—Thereare17pitches:2.5/5,3/6,4/8,5/10,6/12,8/16,10/20,12/24,16/32,20/40,24/48,32/64,40/80,48/96,64/128,80/160,and128/256.Thenumeratorinthisfractionaldesignationisknownasthediametralpitchandcontrolsthepitchdiameter;thedenominator,whichisalwaysdoublethenumerator,isknownasthestubpitchandcontrolsthetoothdepth.Forconvenienceincalculation,onlythenumeratorisusedintheformulasgivenandisdesignatedasP.Diametralpitch,asingears,meansthenumberofteethperinchofpitchdiameter.齒比—共有17種齒比：2.5/5,3/6,4/8,5/10,6/12,8/16,10/20,12/24,16/32,20/40,24/48,32/64,40/80,48/96,64/128,80/160和128/256。在這一系列的分數(shù)中的分子是〔節(jié)圓徑節(jié),徑節(jié)決定了節(jié)圓的直徑；分數(shù)中的分母通常是分子的兩倍,分母是齒根徑節(jié),齒根徑節(jié)決定了齒高。為了方便計算,在公式中都使用分子作為計算參數(shù),指定節(jié)圓直徑,并且與齒輪的表示方式一樣定義為徑節(jié)P尺寸,也就是在節(jié)圓上,每英寸長度上的齒數(shù)。譯注B17：設(shè)計了這17中之外的齒比,本人認為是不合理的。Table1showsthesymbolsandTable2theformulasforbasictoothdimensionsofinvolutesplineteethofvariouspitches.BasicdimensionsaregiveninTable3.表1列出了符號意思,表2列出了各種不同徑節(jié)的花鍵公式。表3列出了基本值。Table1.AmericanNationalStandardInvoluteSplineSymbolsANSIB92.1-1970,R1993cveffectiveclearance作用側(cè)隙Mimeasurementbetweenpins,internalsplinecFformclearance齒形裕度棒間距花鍵Dpitchdiameter節(jié)圓直徑Nnumberofteeth齒數(shù)Dbbasediameter基圓直徑Pdiametralpitch徑節(jié)Dcipincontactdiameter,internalsplinePsstubpitch齒根徑節(jié)針規(guī)觸點直徑,花鍵pcircularpitch周節(jié)Dcepincontactdiameter,externalsplinerffilletradius圓角半徑針規(guī)觸點直徑,外花鍵sactualspacewidth,circular實際弧齒槽寬DFeformdiameter,externalspline漸開線起點直徑〔外花鍵sveffectivespacewidth,circular作用弧齒槽寬DFiformdiameter,internalspline漸開線終點直徑〔花鍵scallowablecompressivestress,psi允許壓縮應(yīng)力Diminordiameter,internalspline花鍵小徑ssallowableshearstress,psi允許剪切應(yīng)力Domajordiameter,externalspline外花鍵大徑tactualtooththickness,circular實際弧齒厚Dreminordiameter,externalspline<root>tveffectivetooththickness,circular作用弧齒厚外花鍵小徑λvariationallowance綜合公差Drimajordiameter,internalspline<root>∈involuterollangle漸開線旋轉(zhuǎn)角花鍵大徑Φpressureangle壓力角dediameterofmeasuringpinforexternalsplineΦDstandardpressureangle標(biāo)準(zhǔn)壓力角外花鍵用測量針規(guī)直徑Φcipressureangleatpincontactdiameter,internalsplinedidiameterofmeasuringpinforinternalspline花鍵針規(guī)觸點壓力角花鍵用測量針規(guī)直徑Φcepressureangleatpincontactdiameter,externalsplineKechangefactorforexternalspline外花鍵變量〔見ISO4156-3外花鍵針規(guī)觸點壓力角Kichangefactorforinternalspline花鍵變量〔見ISO4156-3Φipressureangleatpincenter,internalsplineLsplinelength花鍵長度花鍵針規(guī)中心壓力角Laactivesplinelength有效花鍵長度Φepressureangleatpincenter,externalsplineLglengthofengagement配合長度外花鍵針規(guī)中心壓力角mmachiningtolerance加工公差ΦFpressureangleatformdiameterMemeasurementoverpins,external漸開線構(gòu)成圓處壓力角跨棒距外花鍵譯注B18：PSI這里為應(yīng)力單位,Pound-Per-SquareInch磅每平方英寸。.Table2.FormulasforInvoluteSplineBasicDimensionsANSIB92.1-1970,R199Term術(shù)語Symbol30degΦD37.5degΦD45degΦDFlatRootSideFit平齒根齒側(cè)配合FlatRootMajorDiaFit平齒根外徑配合FilletRootSideFit圓齒根齒側(cè)配合FilletRootSideFit圓齒根齒側(cè)配合FilletRootSideFit圓齒根齒側(cè)配合2.5/5-32/64Pitch3/6-16/32Pitch2.5/5-48/96Pitch2.5/5-48-/96Pitch10/20–128/256PitchStubPitch齒根徑節(jié)Ps2P2P2P2P2PPitchDiameter節(jié)圓直徑DN/PN/PN/PN/PN/PBaseDiameter基圓直徑DbDcosΦDDcosΦDDcosΦDDcosΦDDcosΦDCircularPitchpπ/Pπ/Pπ/Pπ/Pπ/PMinimumEffectiveSpaceWidth最小作用弧齒槽寬svπ/<2P>π/<2P>π/<2P><0.5π+0.1>/P<0.5π+0.2>/PMajorDiameter,Internal花鍵大徑Dri<N+1.35>/P<N+1>/P<N+1.8>/P<N+1.6>/P<N+1.4>/PMajorDiameter,External外花鍵大徑Do<N+1>/P<N+1>/P<N+1>/P<N+1>/P<N+1>/PMinorDiameter,Internal花鍵小徑Di<N-1>/P<N-1>/P<N-1>/P<N-0.8>/P<N-0.6>/PMinorDia.Ext.外花鍵小徑2.5/5thru12/24pitchDre<N-1.35>/P<N-1.35>/P<N-1.8>/P<N-1.3>/P…16/32pitchandfiner<N-1.35>/P<N-1.35>/P<N–2>/P<N-1.3>/P…10/20pitchandfiner<N-1.35>/P<N-1.35>/P…<N-1.3>/P<N-1>/PFormDiameter,Internal花鍵終止圓直徑DFi<N+1>/P+2cF<N+0.8>/P–0.004+2cF<N+1>/P+2cF<N+1>/P+2cF<N+1>/P+2cFFormDiameter,External外花鍵起始圓直徑DFe<N-1>/P–2cF<N-1>/P–2cF<N–1>/P–2cF<N-0.8>/P–2cF<N–0.6>/P–2cFFormClearance<Radial>齒形裕度cF0.001D,withmaxof0.010,minof0.002最大0.01,最小0.002π=3.1415927Note:Allsplinespecificationtabledimensionsinthestandardarederivedfromthesebasicformulasbyapplicationoftolerances.注：按本表規(guī)定的基本公式,應(yīng)用不同的公差等級,可得到所有其他表中的尺寸。.Table3.BasicDimensionsforInvoluteSplinesANSIB92.1-1970,R1993漸開線花鍵基本尺寸Pitch,P/PsCircularPitch,pMinEffectiveSpaceWidth<BASIC>,Svmin最小作用弧齒槽寬〔基本值Pitch,P/PsCircularPitch,pMinEffectiveSpaceWidth<BASIC>,Svmin30degΦ37.5degΦ45degΦ30degΦ37.5degΦ45degΦ2.5?53?64?85?106?128?1610?2012?2416?321.25661.04720.78540.62830.52360.39270.31420.26180.19630.62830.52360.39270.31420.26180.19630.15710.13090.09820.66830.55690.41770.33420.27850.20880.16710.13920.1044………………0.17710.14760.110720?4024?4832?6440?8048?9664?12880?160128?256…0.15710.13090.09820.07850.06540.04910.03930.0246…0.07850.06540.04910.03930.0327…………0.08350.06960.05220.04180.0348…………0.08850.07380.05530.04430.03690.02770.02210.0138…ToothNumbers.—TheAmericanNationalStandardcoversinvolutesplineshavingtoothnumbersrangingfrom6to60witha30-or37.5-degreepressureangleandfrom6to100witha45-degreepressureangle.Inselectingthenumberofteethforagivensplineapplication,itiswelltokeepinmindthattherearenoadvantagestobegainedbyusingoddnumbersofteethandthatthediametersofsplineswithoddtoothnumbers,particularlyinternalsplines,aretroublesometomeasurewithpinssincenotwotoothspacesarediametricallyoppositeeachother.美國國家表準(zhǔn)規(guī)定的漸開線花鍵壓力角30度或37.5度的齒數(shù)圍是6到60齒,壓力角45度的齒數(shù)圍是6到100齒。在選擇花鍵齒數(shù)應(yīng)用上,必須牢記的是：由于奇數(shù)齒兩測量針規(guī)的中心連線距離不是〔通過漸開線圓心的直徑值,所以選擇奇數(shù)齒比選擇偶數(shù)齒更為不利,特別是花鍵。譯注C1：偶數(shù)齒的形狀是對稱的,一邊的齒中心和相對的另一邊齒中心的連線,通過漸開線花鍵的圓心〔節(jié)圓的圓心。而奇數(shù)齒是不通過圓心的,所以奇數(shù)齒的測量難度更高。TypesandClassesofInvoluteSplineFits.—TwotypesoffitsarecoveredbytheAmericanNationalStandardforinvolutesplines,thesidefit,andthemajordiameterfit.Dimensionaldataforflatrootsidefit,flatrootmajordiameterfit,andfilletrootsidefitsplinesaretabulatedinthisstandardfor30-degreepressureanglesplines;butforonlythefilletrootsidefitfor37.5-and45-degreepressureanglesplines.漸開線花鍵的配合類型和公差等級—本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定兩種配合類型：齒側(cè)配合和外徑配合。30度壓力角時,有平齒根齒側(cè)配合、平齒根外徑配合、圓齒根齒側(cè)配合；37.5和45度壓力角只有圓齒根齒側(cè)配合?！惨姳?SideFit:Inthesidefit,thematingmemberscontactonlyonthesidesoftheteeth;majorandminordiametersareclearancedimensions.Thetoothsidesactasdriversandcentralizethematingsplines.齒側(cè)配合：配合的零件只通過齒的側(cè)面配合,大小徑之間存在間隙。齒側(cè)配合同時具有驅(qū)動和自定心功能。MajorDiameterFit:Matingpartsforthisfitcontactatthemajordiameterforcentralizing.Thesidesoftheteethactasdrivers.Theminordiametersareclearancedimensions.外徑配合：用大徑來定心,用側(cè)面來驅(qū)動。小徑具有間隙。Themajordiameterfitprovidesaminimumeffectiveclearancethatwillallowforcontactandlocationatthemajordiameterwithaminimumamountoflocationorcentralizingeffectbythesidesoftheteeth.ThemajordiameterfithasonlyonespacewidthandtooththicknesstolerancewhichisthesameassidefitClass5.外徑配合規(guī)定了一個最小作用側(cè)隙,以用來連接或定位大徑。跟齒側(cè)一起,能得到一個小間隙和同心的效果。外徑配合只有一個弧齒槽寬和弧齒厚公差,等同于齒側(cè)配合中公差等級為5的公差值。Afilletrootmaybespecifiedforanexternalspline,eventhoughitisotherwisedesignedtotheflatrootsidefitormajordiameterfitstandard.Aninternalsplinewithafilletrootcanbeusedonlyforthesidefit.外花鍵一般用圓齒根,也有其它情況采用平齒根的齒側(cè)配合或外徑配合?；ㄦI圓齒根只適用于齒側(cè)配合。ClassesofTolerances.—Thisstandardincludesfourclassesoftolerancesonspacewidthandtooththickness.Thishasbeendonetoprovidearangeoftolerancesforselectiontosuitadesignneed.TheclassesarevariationsoftheformersingletolerancewhichisnowClass5andarebasedontheformulasshowninthefootnoteofTable4.Alltoleranceclasseshavethesameminimumeffectivespacewidthandmaximumeffectivetooththicknesslimitssothatamixofclassesbetweenmatingpartsispossible.公差等級—弧齒槽寬和弧齒厚規(guī)定了四種公差等級。這樣就滿足了設(shè)計是選擇不同公差等級的需要。舊版中只有一種等級的公差,在本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中規(guī)定為等級5,作為基本等級,見表4。各公差等級的最小作用弧齒寬和最大作用弧齒厚的值是相等的