WeleunitDiscoveringUsefulStructures句子成分講義高中英語人教版

高一英語必修1WelcomeunitUsefulStructures一、整體呈現(xiàn)成分用法例句主語名詞、代詞、不定式、動名詞、從句等：謂語動詞動作的執(zhí)行者。Thevisitorstooklotsofpictures.謂語動詞：相當于“做什么”中的“做”。IlikeEnglishgrammar.賓語名詞、代詞、不定式、動名詞、從句等：謂語動詞動作的承受者，相當于“做什么”中的“什么”。Weoftenplaybasketball.表語名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、動名詞、分詞、介詞短語和從句等，放在系動詞后，表示主語的性質(zhì)和特征。Thefutureisbrightandtheroadistortuous.定語數(shù)詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、動名詞、短語、從句等，通常單個的詞放在被修飾詞之前，短語和從句作后置定語，修飾名詞或代詞。Theboysittingunderthetreewantstoclimbthetalltree.狀語副詞、介詞短語、不定式、分詞、形容詞、形容詞詞組以及名詞詞組、從句等修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞，表示動作發(fā)生的時間、地點、目的、方式、伴隨等。ThethiefransofastthatIdidn’tcatchhim.補語名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語和非謂語動詞等。Mary’scominglatemadeherteacherveryangry。同位語名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞和從句等，對句子的某一成分作進一步解釋，常置于被說明的詞之后。John,myson’steacher,worksveryhard.主語主語是一個句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首,通常由名詞性的詞來充當。可由1.名詞、2.代詞、3.數(shù)詞、4.名詞化的形容詞（如therich）5.不定式、6.動名詞、7.主語從句等表示。Nowadays,after-classactivitieshavebecomemoreandmorepopular.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.ItisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguageWhatwecandoismakegooduseoflimitedwater謂語：謂語由動詞充當，說明主語所作的動作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。1.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourhometowninthepastthreeyears.2.Obviouslytheaccidentiscausedbydrunkdriving.3.Iwouldratherstayathome,helpingparentswitheverydaychores.4.Yourideasoundsgreat.5.Shemightaswellturnedtoyourteacherforhelp.表語：表語多是形容詞，用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態(tài)，它一般位于系動詞（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、介詞短語、副詞及表語從句表示。Theweatherhasturnedcold.Doremembertoputonmoreclothes.WhenIturn24,I’llhavegraduatedfrommyidealuniversity.MydreamistobevolunteerteachingEnglishinaremotemountainvillage.Hishobbyissharingmyhappinessandsadnesswithmyclosefriends.Accordingtoitsstate,themachinemustbeunderrepairs.賓語：賓語由名詞性的詞充當,表示動作的對象或承受者，一般位于及物動詞和介詞后面。賓語分為動詞賓語和介詞賓語,分別構(gòu)成動賓結(jié)構(gòu)和介詞結(jié)構(gòu),Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.IfeelashamedthatIcouldn’taffordtobuyacar.Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.Ithinkheisfitforhisoffice.賓語補足語：英語中有些及物動詞，除有一個直接賓語以外，還要有一個賓語補語，才能使句子的意義完整。賓語補足語和賓語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。換句話說，在意思上，賓語相當于賓補的主語。帶有賓語補足語的一般句型為：某些及物動詞（如make等）+賓語+賓補。賓補可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語和從句充當。Imakeitaruletotakeexerciseeverymorning.SuchisMrLi.Heisalwaysmakinghisclasscolorful.Letthefreshairinandyou’llfeelgood.Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.Wesawaredcarknockingintoanoldladyatthecorner.Tomyrelief,Ifoundeverythingingoodorder.Wewillsoonmakethelakewhatitusedtobe.Iwantyourhomeworkdoneontime.定語：定語是對名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語或句子，漢語中常用‘……的’表示。定語通常位于被修飾的成分前。1.Thepictureshowsatouchingmoment.2.Everyoneshouldtaketheresponsibilitytoprotectourwaterresources.3.Thereisnothinginterestinginthebook.狀語修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子,說明動作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫作狀語。劃線部分作何狀語？Tomakehisdreamcometrue,Tombecomesveryinterestedinbusiness.Tiredofendlesshomework,studentsareburdenedwithhighstess.Weareinvitedtodifferentfamilies,enjoyinganunforgetablemeal.Whenintrouble,hepreferstohaveaheart-to-hearttalkwihhisteacher.5.Withthisenvironment-friendlyshoppingbagswidelyused,ourearthwillbeacleanerhome.同位語同位語是在名詞或代詞之后并列名詞或代詞對前者加以說明的成分，近乎于后置定語。Wesenior3studentsshouldmakethemostofthelimitedtime.It’sgoodtouspeoplelivingontheearth.Ourgeographyteacher,Mrs.Chenoftenhelpsuswithstudy.插入語一些句中插入的Ithink,Ibelieve,等。如:Thestory,Ithink,hasnevercometotheend.我相信,這個故事還遠沒結(jié)束.當堂檢測：一、分析劃線部分的句子成分1.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.2.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.3.Theweatherhasturnedcold.4.Theyaskmeaquestion.5.Wesawherenteringtheroom.6.Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.7.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.二、漢譯英。1.晨跑是一件樂事。_________________________________________________________________________2.我期待盡快收到你的來信。__________________________________________________________________________3.這個演講如此激動人心以至于我們備受鼓舞。____________________________________________________________________________4.作為一名學生，我們必須保持學校干凈。____________________________________________